Ubona i-'Stellite' ijikijelwa kakhulu kuma-valve, ikakhulukazi amabhola nezihlalo. Ukucatshangelwa kwamanje ukuthi into eqinile kakhulu, engagugi oshaya ngayo, kanye ne-boom - inkinga ixazululiwe. Kulapho izinkinga eziningi ziqala khona. Eqinisweni, ukucacisa a Ibhola le-Stellite valve kanye nesihlalo akusona isinqumo esisodwa; iwuchungechunge lwezinketho ezixhumene mayelana ne-substrate, indlela yokufaka isicelo, ibanga elithile le-Stellite, kanye nomshini wokugcina. Yenza okukodwa okungalungile, futhi yonke inhlangano ingase ingasebenzi kahle noma yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi, iguqule leyo mali ye-premium ibe isifundo esibizayo.
Umbono Oyiphutha Obalulekile: Konke Kumayelana Nokuqina
Amashidi amaningi okuthengwa kwempahla agxila ebulukhunini, ngokuvamile afuna okuthile okufana ne-HRC 40-45 ubuncane kunembondela ye-Stellite 6. Nakuba ubulukhuni bubalulekile ekuphikiseni ukuhuzuka, kuyingxenye yendaba kuphela. Ngike ngabona izihlalo ezihlangabezana nobunzima obuthile kodwa eziqhekekile enkonzweni ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziyisisekelo, zithi i-13Cr martensitic stainless, ayizange ilungiswe kahle noma i-Stellite ifakwe iqine kakhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okufanele. Isibopho sehlulekile. Ukuthatheka ngenombolo kuziba ukuhambisana kwe-metallurgical kanye nengcindezi eyinsalela evela ekushiseleni noma ukufutha.
Bese kuba ne-substrate. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Stellite kunoma yini. Ukuze uthole ibhola, uvamise ukubheka i-core 17-4PH noma 316SS. Esihlalweni, singase sihlanganiswe nesibambi esingu-410 noma i-Inconel 718. Ama-coefficients okunweba okushisayo adinga ukuba ku-ballpark efanayo. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yevalvu yokwehlisa ingcindezi ephezulu lapho indandatho yesihlalo yayingu-316L, futhi sasebenzisa ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwe-Stellite 21. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, ukunwetshwa okuhlukile kubangele ukuqhekeka kwezinwele kusixhumi esibonakalayo. Ingxenye idlule ubulukhuni be-QA kanye nokungena kodayi, kodwa yehluleka ensimini ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa. Imbangela? Inketho ye-substrate yalowo msebenzi oshisayo yayingalungile.
Inqubo yesicelo ngokwayo iyinkundla yemigodi. Ukushisela kwe-PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) kuvamile futhi kunikeza ibhondi yensimbi ecinene, kodwa okokufaka ukushisa kubalulekile. I-laser cladding inembe kakhulu ngokushisa okuncane, kodwa izindleko ezinkulu ziphezulu futhi i-powder morphology idinga ukuba iphelele. I-Oxy-acetylene welding, indlela yesikole esidala, isakhona ukuze ilungiswe; inikeza idiphozi enhle, ethambile kodwa incike kakhulu emakhono. Indlela ngayinye iholela ku-microstructure ehlukile, izinga lokuhlanjululwa ngensimbi eyisisekelo, nesimo sokugcina sokucindezeleka. Ukucacisa imbondela ye-Stellite ngaphandle kokuchaza inqubo kuyisimemo sokuhlukahluka.
Ukukhetha Ibanga: I-Stellite 6, 12, 21, noma Okunye?
I-Stellite 6 iyihhashi lokusebenza, ukugqwala okuhle okujwayelekile nokumelana nokugqoka. Kodwa akusiyo njalo impendulo. Ezinsizeni eziguguleka kakhulu, ezinodaka olunesihlabathi, i-Stellite 12, enokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni yama-carbides engeziwe, ingabambelela kangcono. Kodwa-ke, lobo bunzima obengeziwe bufika nokuncishiswa komthelela ukumelana. Kumasevisi ane-cavitation ebalulekile, njengama-valve okukhipha iphampu, i-Stellite 21 eqinile, i-ductile 21 ngezinye izikhathi ingamunca imithelela emincane kangcono ngaphandle kwe-micro-fracturing.
Yilapho ukubambisana ne-Foundry kanye nesitolo semishini esiqonda umjikelezo wempilo ogcwele. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kanye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekulingeni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, ngokuvamile ikuthola lokhu. Ababona nje abakhi bama-oda; ulwazi lwabo ekubunjweni kwegobolondo nokufaka utshalomali, kanye nomsebenzi wabo nge-cobalt nama-nickel alloys, kusho ukuthi babona ingxenye esuka kunsimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya kubukhulu obuqediwe. Kungaba yibo okumele babuze ukuthi imbondela ye-Stellite 6 PTA ebholeni le-investimenti engu-17-4PH kuwucingo olulungile lwesevisi ethile yegesi emuncu, okuphakamisa ukuthi mhlawumbe iphrothokholi ehlukile yangaphambi kokushisa noma ukushintshela kokumbondelana okusekelwe ku-nickel okusekelwe njenge-Colmonoy ukuze uthole ukumelana okungcono nokuqhekeka kwe-sulfide.
UDeveli usekwelashweni kokushisa kwe-post-clad kanye nemishini. Ngemuva kokugqoka, ukukhululeka kwengcindezi akuxoxiswana. Ukulungisa indawo egqokile ukuze ivumelane nokugcina, ikakhulukazi endaweni yebhola eyindilinga noma i-engeli yesihlalo ewumngcingo, kuyikhono elikhethekile. Udinga ukusethwa kwe-CNC okuqinile ngokwanele ukuze ubambe ukusikwa okuphakathi kanye namathuluzi akwazi ukuphatha imvelo eqinile, engathi inhlaka ye-Stellite ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi ube lukhuni. Isihlalo esingasebenzanga kahle ngomshini sizoba nezinyembezi ezincane eziba izindawo zokuqalwa kokuguguleka. Kuye kwadingeka ngenqabe izingxenye ezazibukeka ziphelele ku-CMM kodwa ngazizwa nginozipho lapho ufaka uzipho endaweni evaliwe - uphawu oluphawulekayo lwezinto ezidabukile ethuluzini elibuthuntu.
Izingibe Zomhlaba Wangempela kanye Namanuances Womhlangano
Ngisho nezingxenye eziphelele, ukuhlanganisa kungabulala ukusebenza. Iphutha lakudala ukugingqa ngokweqile isigcini sesihlalo. Unale ringi yesihlalo se-Stellite efakwe ngomshini omuhle icindezelwe noma ifakwe emzimbeni omkhudlwana. Uma ukulingana kuqinile kakhulu noma i-torque iphezulu kakhulu, ungakwazi ngempela ukuhlanekezela indandatho yesihlalo, udale ibhore engayisiyingi. Ibhola lizobe selivaleka endaweni ephakeme kuphela, okuholela ekugugekeni kwendawo kanye nokuvuza. Lokhu ngikufunde kabuhlungu kusethi yama-valve ebhola afakwe ku-trunnion. Sajaha ukuvuza amasonto, sishintsha amabhola nezihlalo, ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni sibheke i-bore geometry yephakethe lesihlalo emzimbeni - laliyi-oval ngezingxenye eziyishumi ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlangana.
Elinye iphuzu elicashile ukugqekeza noma ukuqhwanda. Amanye ama-purists agcizelela ukuthi amabhola e-Stellite nezihlalo kufanele kuhlanganiswe kancane njengesethi efanisiwe. Abanye baphikisana ngokuthi ngomshini wesimanje we-CNC, kufanele bavale ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ukuthatha kwami kuncike ekilasini lokubekwa uphawu. Ngezihlalo ezithambile ze-ANSI Class VI (eziqinile ngebhamuza), akubalulekile. Kubahlali bensimbi, i-Class IV noma i-V, ukukhanya okuncane, okulawulwayo okuhambisana nenhlanganisela enhle kungasiza ngokuhlanganisa amaphuzu aphezulu amancane. Kepha ukweqisa, futhi uyonakalisa i-geometry nokuqedwa kwendawo. Kuyinto yokuthinta, hhayi inqubo ongayibhala kalula.
Inani Lokukhiqiza Okudidiyelwe
Kungakho umehluko phakathi kwesitolo semisebenzi esilula nomkhiqizi odidiyelwe ubalulekile. Uma ukusakaza, ukuvala, ukwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nokwenza kahle kungaphansi kophahla olulodwa, noma okungenani kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile, ugwema ukukhomba iminwe okuningi. Uma kukhona iphutha ekulingiseni kwe-substrate okubonakala kuphela ngemva kokuhlanganisa, umhlinzeki womthombo owodwa ungumnikazi wenkinga. Bangakwazi ukulandelela umlando oshisayo wengxenye kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukubheka umphakeli onjengaye QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ukunikezwa kwabo kwesikhunta segobolondo nokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okubhangqwe nemishini ye-CNC yezinto zokwakha ezihlanganisa ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kukhuluma ngalokhu kuhlanganiswa. Okwe-a Ibhola le-Stellite valve, bangase batshale imali ngokunokwenzeka baphonse umgogodla webhola ukuze kube yisimo esiseduze nenetha kusuka endaweni engagqwali efanelekayo, benze i-PTA yokuhlanganisa endlini, baphathe ukwelapha okudingekile kwangemuva kokushisela, bese beqedela umshini indawo eyindilinga kanye nokuxhunywa kwesiqu ku-lathe ye-CNC ngethuluzi elibukhoma. Lokho kuqhubeka kulawula okuguquguqukayo. Unjiniyela wakhona uzokwazi kahle ukuthi singakanani isitokwe okufanele sishiywe ekubunjweni kwesendlalelo esigqokile, ukuthi ingxenye ihlanekezela kanjani ngesikhathi sokushisela, nokuthi ingalungiswa kanjani ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini yokugcina ukuze kubambe okweshumi.
Okuhlukile wuchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluhlukene: Inkampani A ivala isikhala, Inkampani B ivala, Inkampani C iphatha ukushisa, Inkampani D yenza imishini. Isinyathelo ngasinye sengeza ukuhlelwa kwezinto, ukulungisa kabusha amaphutha, futhi, okuyingozi kakhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwesibopho. Lapho isihlalo esiphelile sihluleka ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-helium, wonke umuntu usola omunye umfana. Indlela edidiyelwe ingase ingashibhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ekucaphuneni kokuqala, kodwa yehlisa kakhulu izindleko eziphelele zekhwalithi nobungozi.
Imicabango Ephethayo: Iwuhlelo, Hhayi Igcokama
Ngakho-ke, uma ngokulandelayo ubuyekeza i-spec ye-a Isihlalo se-Stellite nebhola, bheka ngale kwe-callout ebonakalayo. Cabanga ngohlelo. Ithini indawo ephelele yamakhemikhali nemishini? Iyini i-substrate, futhi ingabe iyahambisana? Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Stellite futhi iqedwe? Izingxenye zizohlanganiswa kanjani? Akukho umkhuba ohamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, kuphela isethi efaneleke kakhulu yokuyekethisa yesevisi.
Umgomo awukona nje ukuba nengxenye ye-Stellite. Umgomo uwukuba nesixazululo esithembekile, esihlala isikhathi eside sokuvala. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokho kungase kusho ukubuza isisekelo - ekucindezelweni okuthile okuphansi, isevisi ehlanzekile, i-440C eqinile noma i-nitride-treated 17-4PH ingase yenze umsebenzi ngezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa uma udinga leyo nhlanganisela yokumelana ne-galling, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhlinzekwa yingxubevange ye-cobalt ngokuhlukile, khona-ke uzibophezela ekwenzeni ubunjiniyela baso sonke isitaki ngalokho kuqonda. Akukona ukuthengwa kwempahla; ukusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi komklami nomkhiqizi ongcolisa izandla zakhe ngenqubo. Yilapho ukwethembeka kwangempela kwakhiwe khona.
