Uzwa 'insimbi empunga' futhi abantu abaningi, ngisho nabanye abasezindaweni zokukhiqiza eziseduze, ngokushesha bacabanga 'okushibhile,' 'okuyisisekelo,' noma 'isikole sakudala.' Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Akukhona nje ukuthi ungabizi; kumayelana nokuba yithuluzi elilungile lemisebenzi eminingi lapho umthamo wokudambisa, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, kanye nokusebenza kwemishini kuyinkosi. Ama-graphite flakes - 'ompunga' egameni lawo - awawona amaphutha; bayisici esakhiwe. Yizona eziyenza ibe mnyama, imanzise ukudlidliza njengesipontshi. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ensimbi noma insimbi eningiliziwe yesisekelo noma indlu, ejaha amandla aqinile, avele azwakale enkeneneza futhi enkeneneza ngoba aziba ukudambisa. Kulapho grey iron cast iwina buthule.
Ngale Kwencwadi Yokufunda: Iqiniso Lenqubo Nomsindo
Izincwadi zokufunda zizokunikeza amafomula alingana nekhabhoni, amajika okupholisa. Umhlaba wangempela ukunika umsindo. Okuhle, okuminyene grey iron cast inendandatho ecacile, ephezulu lapho ishaywa kancane. Iqhude elibi? Lokho ngokuvamile kusho izinkinga - ukuncipha, ukubola, mhlawumbe ukugonywa okungekuhle. Ukuhlolwa komugqa wokuqala, kwaphansi kwesitolo osekunesikhathi eside kunanoma yimuphi umhloli we-ultrasonic. Ngikhumbula lapho ngivakashe khona, mhlawumbe indawo efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ubungazwa induna yehla ngomugqa wokulingisa okusha, ishaya ngamunye ngesando esincane, ilalele. Lowo msindo uyimpendulo esheshayo ngekhwalithi yokuncibilika nokuthulula.
Ukuthola lowo msindo ongaguquki, noma kunjalo, akukhona nje mayelana ne-iron chemistry. Kumayelana nesikhunta. Isihlabathi esiluhlaza yisona sakudala, kodwa ukuze kube yinkimbinkimbi nokuqeda phezulu, ukubumba igobolondo yilapho ubona khona inhlawulo yangempela. Isihlabathi esinamekwe nge-resin sakha igobolondo eliqinile, elivumela izindonga ezincanyana nemininingwane ecijile kunesihlabathi esiluhlaza esivame ukwenza. Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Foundry kusho khona ngempela. Kufanele baphathe amandla okushisa ngokuhlukile - isikhunta segobolondo sipholisa insimbi ngokushesha, okuthonya ukwakheka kwegraphite. Uma inqubo ingadayiliwe, ungagcina unemiphetho epholile noma i-microstructure engahambisani, ubulale ubuhlakani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Futhi ukusebenziseka kalula kuyinzuzo enkulu elandelayo. Lawo ma-graphite flakes asebenza njengama-chip breaker eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ungathatha ukusikeka okunolaka, ama-chips aphuka kahle, futhi impilo yamathuluzi ngokuvamile ihamba phambili uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi. Kodwa - futhi lokhu kukhulu kodwa - kubonisa i-matrix engaguquki, ye-pearlitic. Uma insimbi ine-ferritic kakhulu, iba ne-gummy. Ama-carbides amahhala amaningi kakhulu avela ekupholiseni okusheshayo, futhi uzoshisa amathiphu. Awuthengi nje ukulingisa; uthenga isilawuli se-metallurgical ngemuva kwayo.
Isibonelo se-QSY: Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Nomshini
Ukubheka ububanzi benkampani kukutshela okuningi mayelana nokuqonda kwabo okubalulekile. Thatha imisebenzi ye-QSY, isibonelo. Babala isikhunta segobolondo nokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali eceleni kwemishini ye-CNC, esebenza ngensimbi eyinsimbi nama-alloys akhethekile. Lokho kuhlanganiswa kuyisihluthulelo. I-Foundry nayo imishini eqonda imiphumela engezansi yenqubo yabo yokuphonsa. Bayazi ukuthi ukushintsha kancane emugqeni wokuhlukanisa noma i-engeli engaklanywanga engaphelele ayithinti nje isikhunta—kungasho ukusethwa okwengeziwe, okungajwayelekile kumshini wokugaya we-CNC, okwengeza izindleko nesikhathi somjikelezo. Uma u-caster wakho ecabanga njengochwepheshe bemishini, uthola izingxenye ezilungele ukukhiqizwa ngempela.
Ibanga labo lezinto ezibonakalayo nalo liyasho. Umnikelo grey iron cast eceleni kwama-stainless and nickel alloys akuyona nje imenyu. Kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka baphathe isithando somlilo futhi bacubungule ukuhlukaniswa okudingekayo. Awufuni ukulandelela ama-elementi asuka ku-alloy ephezulu encibilika engcolisa ulayini wakho wensimbi, njengoba into efana ne-chromium ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-carbide kunsimbi, ikwenze kungenakuqhathaniswa. I-Foundry ebala lezi ngokuhlukene ngokuvamile inaleyo siyalo endaweni.
Lokhu kubalulekile kokuthile okufana nomzimba we-hydraulic valve noma i-compressor housing. Ungase udinge amaphaseji angaphakathi ajikijelwe kumumo oseduze nenethi (lapho ukubumba kwegobolondo kuhle kakhulu), ubuso obunembene obunembile, nezimbobo ezinentambo. Uma i-Foundry ivele ikunikeze abalingisi abangavuthiwe futhi ithi 'sikufisela inhlanhla,' unokuningi kokulungisa nokuphenya ngaphambili. Kodwa uma sebevele bawakha ngomshini ama-datum ayisisekelo nezindawo ezibalulekile, njengalokho okwenziwa isitolo esihlanganisiwe, ukude ngamamayela. Ukuzinza kwensimbi empunga kukwenza kube iphupho lokubamba ukubekezelelana okuqinile kulobo buso obunomshini.
Ukwehluleka Nezifundo: Lapho I-Grey Iron Ithi Cha
Akuyona impendulo yakho konke. Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi ngengxenye yobakaki wepompo osindayo. Idizayini yayinamakhona acijile aphinde angena futhi nogqinsi lwezigaba ezingalingani. Siphushele insimbi empunga ngenxa yesabelomali kanye nesidingo esidambisayo. Umphumela? Izinyembezi ezishisayo. Okwakudala. Izingxenye ezincane zaqina futhi zashwabana kuqala, zidonsa insimbi esancibilikile ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi, futhi yavele yaziklebhuka. Ukushwabana kwe-iron empunga uma kuqhathaniswa kudinga ukuphakelwa ngokucophelela kanye nokwakheka kwesikhuphukeli. Yilapho ubuciko bomenzi wephethini bungena khona. Bekufanele sibuyele emuva, sengeze izibopho yonke indawo, sisebenze ekushintsheni kwesigaba, futhi sisebenzise ukugodola esibunjeni ukuze siqinise. Kwasebenza, kodwa kwengeza isikhathi.
Esinye isifundo: ukumelana nomthelela. Ungaceli ukuthi kube isando. Ama-graphite flakes ayizigxili zokucindezeleka. Ukushaya okubukhali kungabangela ukuphuka okusakazeka kanye nalawo ma-flakes. Ngibone igiya lensimbi elibonakala liqinile liqhekeka ku-forklift line liyigudluza ngendlela engafanele. Ezingxenyeni ezinanoma iyiphi ingozi yokulayisha ukushaqeka, ucacisa i-iron ductile. Kuwukukhetha okuyisisekelo okufanele kwenziwe ebhodini lokudweba.
Ukugqwala ngomunye umkhawulo. Izogqwala. Ngezinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezingaphakathi endlini, ijazi likapende lilungile. Kodwa ngokucubungula ukudla noma izindawo ezithile zamakhemikhali, ubheka izinsimbi ze-nickel-chrome ductile noma ushintshele ku-stainless. Ubulula bensimbi empunga nakho kuwumkhawulo wakho lapha. Awukwazi ukuthembela kuyo ukuze uthole ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ukucacisa kahle: Ingxoxo ne-Foundry
Awuthumeli nje umdwebo one-Material: Gray Iron futhi uyibize ngosuku. I-spec ingxoxo. Ngabe sikhuluma nge-ASTM A48 Class 35? Ikilasi 40? Inombolo yekilasi amandla aqinile ku-ksi. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo ekusitifiketi yi-microstructure spec. Ungase umemeze ubuncane bokuqukethwe kwe-pearlite (ithi, 90%) ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokumelana nokugqoka. Ungase ucacise usayizi we-graphite flake (Uhlobo A, usayizi 4-5 uvamile kubunjiniyela obujwayelekile). Yilapho ukusebenzisana nomsunguli onekhono kuphumelela khona.
Ummeli omuhle wezobuchwepheshe ovela ku-Foundry ngeke nje acaphune ukuphrinta kwakho. Bazobuza ngomsebenzi, ukulayishwa, amapulani omshini. Bangase baphakamise ukulungisa ukujiya kodonga ngemilimitha noma amabili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kodonga. Bangase batuse ukuguqula ingqikithi kancane ukuze ugweme amaphutha ahlobene nesihlabathi ebusweni obuvalekayo obubalulekile. Lokhu kuya emuva naphambili yilokho okuguqula umdwebo ube ingxenye engenziwa umshini. Kungumehluko phakathi kwengxenye esebenzayo nengxenye esebenza ngokwethembeka iminyaka.
Ngezingxenye ezinevolumu ephezulu, le ngxoxo idlulela ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi. Iphethini yensimbi ehlala njalo yokubunjwa kwegobolondo yindleko enkulu yangaphambili, kodwa ngaphezu kwezingcezu ezingu-10,000, izindleko zengxenye ngayinye zehla kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ama-prototypes noma ama-run amafushane, ungasebenzisa isikhunta sesihlabathi esiphrintiwe nge-3D. Ukuqeda okungaphezulu nokunemba kobukhulu ngeke kube kuhle njengesikhunta segobolondo esinembayo esivela kuphethini yensimbi, kodwa sikutholela izingxenye ezisebenzayo emavikini, hhayi izinyanga. Kungukuhwebelana umphakeli omuhle azokubekela kona.
I-Niche Eqhubekayo Emhlabeni Wobuchwepheshe Obuphezulu
Enkathini yokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe nokwengeza, grey iron cast izwa cishe i-analog. Kodwa amandla alo lawo. Kuyisixazululo esiyinqwaba, esithembekile, esingabizi kakhulu sezingxenye eziyisisekelo. Imibhede yamathuluzi omshini wokucabanga, amabhulokhi enjini, amakhanda amasilinda, ama-flywheel, ama-brake discs ezitimela. Ikhono layo lokudambisa ukudlidliza lisacishe lifaniswe nezinye izinto endaweni yayo yentengo. Isisekelo esithulile, esizinzile esivumela ukuthi amaphotha anesivinini esiphezulu neziqondiso zomugqa ezinembayo esikhungweni somshini enze umsebenzi wawo.
Izindawo ezifana ne-QSY, namashumi eminyaka emdlalweni, zibone izinto zokwakha nezinqubo ziza ziphinde zihambe. Iqiniso lokuthi basabala insimbi esakazwa ngokugqamile lisho ukuthi isidingo siqinile. Ayibukhazikhazi, kodwa ibalulekile. Ulwazi alukho kumamanyuwali kuphela; kusesitolo samaphethini, endaweni encibilikayo, kumsindo walowompompi wesando.
Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo uma ubheka ingxenye esindayo, eyibhokisi, emile eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuqina, ukunyakaziswa, kanye nokudlidliza okubulalayo, ungayishayi indiva insimbi empunga. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi uyayiqonda imithetho yayo. Idizayini yokuqiniswa okulinganayo, cacisa i-microstructure, futhi usebenze ne-Foundry ecabanga ngale kokuthululwa. Lungiselela lokho, futhi unengxenye ezodlula umshini eyakhelwe kuwo.
