Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'i-stainless steel precision casting', bafanekisela ingxenye engenasici, ecwebezelayo ephuma ebhukwanani. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi 'ukunemba' lapha igama elihlobene, ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwemodeli efanelekile ye-CAD kanye ne-physics enenkani yensimbi encibilikisiwe. Akukhona nje ukubekezelelana okuqinile; imayelana nokuphatha ukuhlanekezela, ukubikezela ukuncipha kwebanga ngalinye lokungenasici, kanye nokwazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo engaphezulu engafinyeleleka 'njengo-cast' uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okudinga ukwenziwa komshini. Ngibone imiklamo eminingi kakhulu ecacisa ukufakwa kwe-investimenti ngobunkimbinkimbi bayo kodwa bese ifuna ukubekezelelwa kwezingxenye zomshini kuyo yonke indawo—iyindlela eqinisekile yokuphefumula isabelomali. Ubuciko beqiniso busekwazini ukuthi inqubo ingakunika ini ngokwemvelo nalapho kufanele ungenelele khona ngokuphelele.
Umnyombo Wenqubo: Konke Kumayelana Negobolondo
Konke kuncike kugobolondo le-ceramic. Abaningi abasanda kungena ekutholeni insimbi bacabanga ukuthi insimbi iyinkanyezi, kodwa igobolondo yisiteji, umqondisi, kanye nomklami wezingubo konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Igobolondo elibuthakathaka lisho ukuphuma noma iphiko; igobolondo elingalingani liholela ekuqineni kodonga olungahambisani. Sichitha izinsuku, ngezinye izikhathi amasonto, nje ekubunjweni kwe-slurry kanye nenqubo ye-stuccoing. Ngomshini wepompo obalulekile ongu-316L, isibonelo, singase sisebenzise ijazi eliyinhloko le-silica elihlanganisiwe ukuze siqedele kangcono indawo, kodwa sishintshele ku-zircon ukuze uthole amajazi ayisipele ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphezulu. Yilezi zinketho, ngokuvamile ezingabonakali engxenyeni yokugcina, ezinquma impumelelo noma igceke eligcwele izinsalela.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-waxing kungomunye umbulali othule. Ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi igobolondo liyaqhekeka kusukela ku-wax ekhulayo. Ukunensa kakhulu, futhi ushiya izinsalela eziphendukela ekufakweni kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokuthela. Ngikhumbula iqoqo lezinto zasolwandle lapho sasinomshini wokulinganisa uhhavini omncane—u-15 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwe-spec. Umphumela awubanga ukwehluleka ngokushesha; amagobolondo ayebukeka kahle. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, lawo ma-micro-cracks avumela ukungena kwensimbi, okwenza indawo yangaphakathi emagebhugebhu, engamukeleki engazange ibonakale kwaze kwaba yilapho kudlula umshini wokuqala. Leso kwakuyisifundo esibizayo ekwethembeni, kodwa ekuqinisekiseni, yonke ipharamitha eyodwa.
Bese kuba khona ukutubeka. Akukhona nje ngokuncibilikisa ingcina. Kumayelana nokuguqula noma iyiphi impahla yephethini eyinsalela ibe umlotha ongacishwa, kungashiyi khabhoni ngemuva ukuze kungcolise insimbi engagqwali. Emabangeni aphindwe kabili afana nangu-2205, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuthinta ngqo ukumelana nokugqwala. Awukwazi ukuvele uwushise kakhulu; ulandela umjikelezo oqondile wokushisa. Lapha kulapho amashumi eminyaka yokuzijwayeza, njengohlobo olwakhiwe enkampanini efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yenza umehluko. Uthuthukisa umuzwa ngakho. Ukugxila kwabo isikhathi eside ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali iphakamisa ulwazi olujulile, olusebenzayo lwalezi zinyathelo ezingakhangayo kodwa ezibalulekile.
Okubalulekile Akulona Nje Ishidi Elicacisiwe
Ukucacisa insimbi engagqwali kufana nokuthi imoto—ayisho lutho ngaphandle kohlobo. 304, 316, 17-4PH, 2205-bonke baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ku-crucible kanye nesikhunta. I-304 iyathethelela ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa ukuncipha kwayo kubalulekile. I-17-4PH, ibanga eliqinisa imvula, lihle kakhulu ekuqineni ukuze libe nesisindo, kodwa kuyiphupho elibi lokudabula okushisayo uma i-gate yakho nesistimu yokukhuphuka ingadizayinelwe ukuthwala iphethini yayo yokuqinisa. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-logic efanayo yokudla kuyo yonke ingxubevange.
Sifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima nge-prototype yobakaki we-aerospace. Ukuphrinta kubize i-17-4PH esimweni se-H900. Siyiphonsa, siyifake ngomshini, siyifake ngokushisa. Iphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-dimensional kodwa yehluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic. Izinyembezi ezincane ezishisayo zangaphakathi. Inkinga? Izikhuphukeli zethu, ezilungele i-316, azizange zinikeze ukuqiniswa kokuqondisa okwanele kwale alloy ethile. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva, silingise ukuqiniswa futhi ngezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, futhi sihlele kabusha sonke isakhiwo sesango. Yengeza amasonto amathathu kulo msebenzi. Manje, nganoma iyiphi ingxubevange entsha, ikakhulukazi ama-alloys akhethekile njengalezo ezisekelwe ku-nickel, siyaphikelela ekusebenziseni ikhuphoni elincane lokuhlola kuqala ukuze sibone ukuthi liphakela kanjani futhi linciphe kanjani endaweni yethu ethile ye-Foundry.
Yingakho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry eqonda ngobuqotho i-metallurgy kungaxoxiswana. Akukhona nje ukuncibilika nokuthela; kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi ku-high-nickel alloy, udinga ukulawula izinga lokushisa elithela ngaphakathi kwefasitela lama-degree angu-30 ukuze ugweme ukuhlukaniswa, noma ukuthi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ungase uphakamise ngisho nebanga elihlukile, elilahlekayo elihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ngengozi ephansi. Isitolo esineminyaka engu-30 kugeyimu, njenge-QSY, sizobe sibhekane nala madimoni aqondene nezinto ezibonakalayo futhi sakhe izixazululo ohlelweni lwawo. Ungathola amazwibela wobubanzi bazo bezinto ezibonakalayo kusayithi labo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Lapho Ukulingisa Kuphelela Khona Futhi Kuqala Umshini
Lokhu kuyindlela enhle, futhi yilapho amaphrojekthi amaningi ekhubeka khona. Cha insimbi engagqwali ngokunemba casting iwumumo wenetha ngempela wezingxenye ezisebenzayo. Kuhlala kukhona ubuso be-datum okufanele bufakwe ngomshini, izintambo ezizothepha, noma izindawo zokuvala ezizoqedwa. Okubalulekile yisu lesibonelelo sesitoko. Beka isitokwe esiningi kakhulu yonke indawo ukuze uphephe, futhi umosha imali ngensimbi eyeqile nesikhathi sokwenza imishini. Beka okuncane kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yokubhoboza isikhumba, uveze i-porosity engaba khona ngaphansi komhlaba.
Okuhle ukusebenzelana nethimba lemishini kusukela esigabeni sokuklama. Sihlale sihlose ukuhlonza izixhumanisi ezibalulekile kusenesikhathi—asithi, ubuso obune-flange obuhlangana nenye ingxenye noma i-bore yokuthwala. Lezi zindawo zithola isibonelelo esihlosiwe, esingaguquki sesitoko, ngokuvamile esingu-0.5-1mm. Izindawo ezingabalulekile zingashiywa esimweni sokusakazwa, okuthi, uma inqubo yakho yegobolondo iyinhle, ingaba indawo ehlanzekile kakhulu. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe iyona ehlukanisa umphakeli wezingxenye kumhlinzeki wezixazululo. Kusobala ekunikezeni kwe-QSY kokuhlanganisiwe CNC imishini ukuthi basebenza ngalesi simiso, belawula inqubo kusukela ekubunjweni kuya engxenyeni eseqedile eyenziwe ngomshini, eqeda ungqimba olukhulu lwephutha lokuxhumana kanye nokukhomba umunwe wekhwalithi.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yomzimba we-valve lapho idizayini yokuqala yokulingisa yayine-uniform 3mm stock. Umakhi wasebenzisa u-80% wesikhathi sakhe ekhipha insimbi ezindaweni ezingasebenzi. Ngokudizayina kabusha ukulingisa ukuze kwengeze okubalulekile kuphela lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kwenziwe ama-datum nama-seal abalulekile, sehlise isisindo sokusakaza sisonke ngo-18% futhi sanquma phakathi nesikhathi somshini. Ukongiwa kwakumangalisa. Siyini isifundo? Ukusakaza okunembayo kumayelana nokususa okuhlakaniphile komfula njengoba kumayelana nokwengezwa okulawulwayo endaweni yokusungula.
Iqiniso Lokubekezelelana Nokuqeda
Amazinga omkhakha afana ne-ISO 8062 akunikeza amabhendi okubekezelela, kodwa angamaphuzu okuqala, hhayi iziqinisekiso. Ukubekezelela kwe-CT5 kubukhulu obungu-50mm ngokwethiyori kungu-±0.35mm. Kodwa ungakwazi ukubamba lokho kulo lonke iqoqo, kuzo zonke izici? Akunakwenzeka. Izici kuwo wonke umugqa wokuhlukanisa zizoba nokuhluka okwengeziwe. Izindonga ezizacile kunzima ukuzilawula kuneziwugqinsi. Ukwahlulela kwangempela kochwepheshe kusekwazini ukuthi yikuphi ukubekezelelana okungokwezentengiselwano (i-geometry evamile) nokuthi yikuphi okubalulekile (okufanelekile, ukusebenza). Uyaxoxisana futhi ugxile ekulawuleni inqubo yakho kokubalulekile.
Ukuqedwa kobuso kungenye indawo esekulungele ukungaqondi kahle. A ejwayelekile ukutshala imali ingafinyelela i-Ra engu-3.2 kuya ku-6.3 micrometers as-cast. Kuhle lokho, kodwa akuphucuziwe. Uma udinga i-Ra 0.8 ukuze uthole uphawu oluguqukayo, uzodinga ukwenziwa ngomshini noma ukupholishwa. Inqubo yokulingisa ingakusondeza, kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza izimangaliso. Ngike ngaba namakhasimende acela ukuqedwa kwesibuko kusuka esikhunjeni. Akusebenzi kanjalo. Kufanele uchaze usayizi wezinhlamvu ze-ceramic, ukuxhumana phakathi kwejazi lokuqala le-slurry nensimbi-kuwumkhawulo obonakalayo.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola ezibonakalayo nazo zidinga ukucaciswa. Kuyini ukungapheleli okuncane okwamukelekayo? Ukufakwa okuncane endaweni engagxilile, engeyona yezimonyo kungase kwamukeleke ngokuphelele ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASTM, kodwa iklayenti elisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezifojiwe noma ezenziwe ngomshini lingase likwenqabe. Ukusetha lokhu okulindelekile kusengaphambili, ngamasampula angokwenyama uma kungenzeka, kubalulekile. Kungcono ukukhombisa isampula elinokuthungwa kwendawo okujwayelekile kunokuthi ube nengxabano ngemva kokwenziwa kwezingcezu ezingu-500.
Abafeyila BangabaFundisi Bangempela
Awufundi ukunemba kuma-oda aphelele; uyifunda emigqonyeni ye-scrap. Sake saba nenkinga eqhubekayo nge-micro-porosity kuhabhu yesondo elincane le-turbine. Yadlula i-X-ray kodwa yehluleka ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka. Silungise yonke into: ukushisa okushisayo, ukushisa kwegobolondo, ukwakheka kwe-alloy. Akukho okusebenze ngokungaguquki. Ekugcineni, ngomzuzwana wokukhungatheka, sabheka iphethini ye-wax ngokwayo. Isango lomjovo linamathiselwe khona kanye kuhabhu lenkinga, kwakha i-hotspot yendawo. Ngokumane sinyakazise indawo yesango futhi sengeze ukugodola okuncane esikhunjeni kuleyo ndawo, siqondise kabusha ingaphambili lokuqinisa futhi sasusa i-porosity. Inkinga kwakungeyona insimbi; kwakuyijiyomethri eshisayo esasiyidalile.
Okunye ukwehluleka kwakudala ukucabanga ukuthi konke ukucubungula kwangemuva kuyalingana. Sithumele inqwaba yokulingisa okungu-316 ukuze kudluliselwe kumthengisi omusha. Basebenzisa ukugeza kwe-nitric acid, umkhuba ojwayelekile. Kodwa ukugeza kwabo kwakungcoliswe ama- chloride ababewenza ngaphambili. Umphumela waba ingxenye ekha phezulu ehluleke ngendlela emangalisayo ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti. Ukulingisa bekuzwakala, kodwa isilawuli sethu se-supply chain sasingekho. Manje, sifanelekela ozakwethu bokuqedela ngokuqinile njengezinqubo zethu. Lokhu kulawula kokuphela, ngokubona kwami, kuwuphawu lomnikezeli ovuthiwe. Iwuhlobo lokwengamela okuphelele inkampani eyakha ngaphezulu eminyakeni engama-30 ebhizinisini, ukuphatha yonke into kusuka ku insimbi kuma-alloys angavamile ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa.
Ngakho, uma ubheka insimbi engagqwali ngokunemba casting, ungaboni nje i-geometry yokugcina. Bona ithangi le-slurry, amashadi okushisa, ukulingiswa kokuqinisa, i-handoff emshinini we-CNC, nezifundo eziwine kanzima zamaphutha esikhathi esidlule. Ukunemba kuzuzwa, akunikwa, ngezinyathelo eziyinkulungwane ezincane, ezilawulwayo kanye nokuqonda okujulile kokuthi amakhono emvelo enqubo alele kuphi nalapho kufanele aphoqwe khona ngokuqinile emgqeni. Yilokho okuthengayo ngempela.
