Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'imishini ye-CNC enembayo ephezulu', bavele bacabange ukubekezelela okuqinile, mhlawumbe ±0.001 noma okungcono. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa indawo yokuqala, hhayi umugqa wokugcina. Inselele yangempela akukhona nje ukushaya inombolo emdwebeni kanye; iwushaya ngokungaguquki, engxenyeni engunombolo 1 kanye nengxenye engu-10,001, kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zejometri nezinto ezingathetheleli. Izitolo eziningi zithi ziyakwenza, kodwa igebe phakathi kokufaka isicelo nokulethwa kulapho umsebenzi wangempela—namaphutha abizayo—kwenzeka khona.
Isisekelo: Akukhona nje Ngomshini
Noma ubani angathenga isigayo se-high-end 5-axis. Umshini uyimfuneko, kodwa i-ecosystem ewuzungezile enquma ukunemba kweqiniso. Ngikhuluma ngokulawulwa kwemvelo. Lokhu sakufunda kabuhlungu eminyakeni edlule. Ubenomsebenzi wokwenza uchungechunge lwezindlu zenzwa ye-aluminium, ebambe isikhundla sangempela esingu-0.005mm. Izingxenye zaziphelele ekuseni, kodwa phakathi nemini ntambama, zazizokhukhuleka. Kusithathe iviki ukukulandelela emuva ekushiseni kwesitolo okwenyuka ngo-4°C nje ukusuka emakhazeni asekuseni. Ukwanda okushisayo esakhiweni somshini, ingxenye, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi kwakwanele ukulahla yonke into. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho satshala imali ekulawuleni isimo sezulu esigcwele endaweni yomshini. Kuyizindleko ezinkulu, ezingathandeki ezingaveli ezincwadini zemishini, kodwa akuxoxiswana ngazo.
Bese kuba nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi. Okwenkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ejwayele ukwenza izinto eziqinile njengama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi akuwona umcimbi oqondile; kuwukuguquguquka okufanele ukukulindele futhi ukunxephezele ezinhlelweni zakho. Awukwazi ukuvele usebenzise ithuluzi ekuhlulekeni lapho ujaha ama-microns. Sisebenzisa isistimu yokuqapha impilo yamathuluzi, kodwa nalokho kudinga ungqimba lomuntu. Umsindo wokusikwa, ukubukeka kwe-swarf - ochwepheshe bemishini abanolwazi bathuthukisa umuzwa wayo. Yile nhlanganisela yenqubo eqinile kanye nokuzwisisa okunesizini okuletha lapho.
Futhi ukulungisa. Lapha yilapho imisebenzi eminingi ihamba eceleni. Ungaba ne-spindle enembe kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa uma ingxenye inyakazisa imakron ngesikhathi sokudlula esindayo, konke kuyize. Ezingxenyeni ezinezindonga ezincane ezivamile ekulingiseni utshalomali esikubambayo, ukudizayina okuthile okuhlinzeka ngosekelo oluqinile ngaphandle kokwehlisa ingcindezi noma ukuhlanekezela kuwubuciko ngokwako. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nesigaba se-prototyping kuthatha isikhathi eside kunohlelo lwe-CAM.
Izinto Ezibalulekile: I-Wild Card in Precision
I-spec sheet ye- high ukunemba CNC machining ngokuvamile kufihla ukuziphatha okubonakalayo. Ukusebenzisana nohlu lwe-QSY—kusuka kunsimbi nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene kuya kuma-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel angavamile—kusho ukuthi awugcini nje ukusika insimbi; uxoxisana nayo. Yonke impahla inobuntu bayo ngaphansi komsiki.
Thatha i-17-4 PH engenasici, into evamile eyanele. Esimeni sayo esilashwe ngesixazululo, i-gummy futhi ithanda ukusebenza kanzima. Uma okuphakelayo kwakho nesivinini kucishwe ngemajini encane, awugqokile nje ithuluzi; udala indawo eqinile lapho iphasi elandelayo izodonsa kanzima, wethula ukudlidliza kanye nokunemba okubulalayo. Udinga ukungena ngaphansi kwaleso sendlalelo esiqiniswe wumsebenzi ngamandla, esizwakala siphikisa uma uzama ukunemba. Ngokuphambene, ukwenza i-brittle cast iron ye-hydraulic manifold kudinga indlela ehlukile yokugwema ukucwiliswa okuncane emaphethelweni, okungonakalisa izindawo ezivaliwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuza nama-alloys akhethekile. Senze inqwaba yezingxenye ze-Inconel 718 turbine ngonyaka odlule. Ingcindezi eyinsalela yenqubo yokutshala imali ibibalulekile. Ungathatha ukusika okuhle kokuqala, ingxenye izobukeka iphelele ku-CMM, bese uyiphendukisa, umshinile kolunye uhlangothi, bese uyibuka ngokuthuthumela njengoba ibhidlika. Ukunemba akulahlekanga ngesikhathi sokusikwa, kodwa ngemva kokuba izingcindezi zangaphakathi zezinto seziphinde zasakazwa. Isixazululo sasihilela inqubo yezigaba eziningi: umjikelezo wokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngemva kokugoqa, bese uqeda kancane, okunye ukuzinzisa, futhi ekugcineni umshini wokuqeda. Yengeze isikhathi nezindleko, kodwa kwaba ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional okudingekayo. Lokhu akukho kunoma iyiphi incwadi ejwayelekile yokwenza imishini; ifundwa ngokuphindaphinda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ukwehluleka.
Uchungechunge Lwezinqubo: Ukusuka Ekulingiseni kuya Engxenyeni Eqediwe
Indlela yethu edidiyelwe e-QSY, ehlanganisa kokubili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo/ukutshala imali kanye nomshini we-CNC wangaphakathi, inikeza indawo eyingqayizivele. Ukunemba kweqiniso kuvame ukuqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba ingxenye ilayishwe emshinini we-CNC. Ukulingisa okuklanywe kabi okunogqinsi olungahambisani nodonga noma ukushwabana kwangaphakathi kuzolwa nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi somshini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhleli wakho muhle kangakanani.
Sithole ukuthi ukubambisana nonjiniyela abasunguli abavela esigabeni se-CAD kubalulekile. Imayelana nokudizayina ukukhiqizwa kuyo yomibili le mibono. Ngokwesibonelo, singase siphakamise ukungeza iphedi elincane lomhlatshelo endaweni yokulingisa—indawo ezocishwa uma kwenziwa umsebenzi wokugcina—ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi sinedatha ehlanzekile, engaguquki yakho konke ukusetha kwethu imishini. Lolu hlobo lokuhlelwa kwezinqubo ezahlukene luqeda umthombo omkhulu wokuhlukahluka.
Esinye isixhumanisi esibalulekile ukuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala. Uma iqoqo labalingiswa lifika emnyangweni wemishini, asivele sicabange ukuthi imodeli ye-CAD ivangeli. Sizoskena nge-3D isampula yokulingisa ukuze sidale imodeli yomhlaba wangempela. Lokhu kuvumela abahleli bezinhlelo be-CAM ukuthi balungise izindlela zabo zamathuluzi kancane ukuze balandise ngokuhluka okuncane kobukhulu bokusakaza njenge-cast. Imayelana nokuzivumelanisa neqiniso, hhayi nje ukulandela umbono wetiyori. Lesi sinyathelo sisindise inqwaba yemisebenzi ekulahlekeni ngokuvimbela ithuluzi ekusikeni komoya ngenxa yokuthi udonga belunomzimba omncane ngo-0.5mm kunegama nje, noma luphahlazeka ngenxa yokuthi belujiyile.
Ukulinganisa Ukunemba: I-CMM Ijaji, Ayiyena Uzakwethu
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengembuka, kodwa ukuthembela kuphela embikweni we-CMM ukuze uphume kuwugibe. I-Coordinate Measuring Machines ingamathuluzi amangalisayo, abalulekile, kodwa ikunikeza isifinyezo, hhayi i-movie egcwele. Ingxenye ingakala kahle etafuleni legwadle le-CMM kodwa yehluleke ekusebenzeni. Sibheka ukukala okusebenzayo lapho kungenzeka khona.
Ngikhumbula umzimba wevalvu oyinkimbinkimbi onezimbobo ezinama-engeli amaningi. Umbiko we-CMM ubonise konke ukubekezelelana kwezikhundla kwakungaphakathi kuka-0.01mm—phakathi kokucaciswa okungu-0.02mm. Kodwa lapho iklayenti lizama ukulihlanganisa, izingxenye zokukhwelana azizange zihambisane. Inkinga? I-CMM ibikala i-eksisi ye-bore ngayinye ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sedatha. Ukunqwabelana okunqwabelene kwamaphutha angu-angular amaminithi kuyo yonke ingxenye, isofthiwe ye-CMM ecutshungulwe kahle ngokombono, ayizange ithwebule umuzwa womhlaba wangempela wokuhlanganisa. Sagcina sesenze igeji yensimbi eqinile elingisa izingxenye zangempela zokukhwelana. Ingxenye bekufanele ichofoze esikalini ngomuzwa othize. Lelo geji, hhayi umbiko we-CMM, libe ngumxazululi wokugcina wekhwalithi.
Ukuqedwa komphezulu obunye ubukhulu bokunemba okuvamise ukubikwa kancane. Ingxenye ingaba nenhle ngokwengxenye kodwa ibe nokuqedwa okungekuhle okubangela ukuguga ngokweqile noma okuvimbela uphawu olufanele. Ezingxenyeni ze-hydraulic, ngokuvamile sizocacisa futhi siqinisekise amanani e-Ra ne-Rz ezindaweni ezibucayi zokuvala. Akukhona nje ngokubukeka; imayelana nokusebenza. Lokhu kudinga inhlanganisela elungile yesu lendlela yamathuluzi, i-geometry yekhala lethuluzi, ibanga lokufaka, nohlelo olupholile—konke kucushwe kahle kuzinto ezithile ezisuka kuhlu lwe-QSY, kungaba i-ductile iron noma insimbi engagqwali.
Isici Somuntu: Lapho I-algorithm Ima
Ekugcineni, awukwazi ukwenza ukwahlulela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isofthiwe ye-CAM eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ayikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi indlela yamathuluzi ethile, ngenkathi isebenza kahle, izodala ukudlidliza kwe-harmonic kusici eside, esincanyana. Lokho kuvela ku-opharetha noma umhleli oke wakubona kwenzeka ngaphambilini. Ulwazi lwesihlalo sebhulukwe yilo oluvala igebe phakathi kokuphelela kwedijithali kanye ngokoqobo ngokomzimba.
Sikhuthaza isiko lapho ochwepheshe bemishini bebuyisela emuva kubahleli bohlelo. Inothi elifana nokusebenzisa indlela ye-trochoidal lapha esikhundleni sendlela evamile yokufaka ephaketheni, ithuluzi okukhulunywa ngalo ekugcineni uthuli lwegolide. Le nqubo yempendulo, evame ukubhalwe kumuntu ohamba umsebenzi noma okuxoxwe ngayo kuphuzwa ikhofi, iyona eqhubeka icwengisa izinqubo zethu. Iguqula isethi yemiyalelo ibe uhlelo oluphilayo, oluthuthukisayo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola umphakeli we- high ukunemba CNC machining iphrojekthi, bheka ngale kohlu lwemishini yabo. Buza mayelana nokulawulwa kwabo kwesimo sezulu. Buza ukuthi bakuphatha kanjani ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi kuma-superalloys. Buza isibonelo sokuthi bayisingatha kanjani ingxenye esontayo. Izimpendulo zabo zizokutshela okuningi mayelana nekhono labo langempela lokuletha ukunemba kunanoma iyiphi incwajana ecwebezelayo engake yenza. Kukule mininingwane engcolile, engathandeki lapho ukunemba kweqiniso kunqotshiwe noma kulahleke.
