Uma uqala ukuzwa 'izindleko zokutshala imali nge-kg,' kuyakulinga ukucabanga ukuthi kunekhadi lesilinganiso esijwayelekile laphaya. Nami ngangike ngicabange kanjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi messier. Lelo nani alilona inani lesitika; kuyindawo yokugcina yeshumi nambili eliguquguqukayo elishayisanayo, futhi ukucaphuna ngokwesisekelo sekhilo ngalinye ngaphandle komongo yindlela amaphrojekthi ahamba ngayo ngokushesha. Yisiqalo sengxoxo, hhayi impendulo.
Lapho I-Per Kg Quote Ihlukana
Asisuse okusobala endleleni. Yebo, izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo zingumshayeli omkhulu. Ikhilogremu yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 uma iqhathaniswa nekhilogremu ye-Inconel 718? Umehluko wezindleko ze-alloy eluhlaza mkhulu. Kodwa uma ubheka lokho kuphela, usuvele ulahlekile. Izindleko zangempela ziqala ngomumo ozama ukuwenza. I-knob elula, eqinile izoba nehluke kakhulu izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi enezindonga ezincane, eyinkimbinkimbi yesisindo sokugcina esifanayo. I-blade idla izinto eziningi zegobolondo le-ceramic, inengozi enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegobolondo, idinga ukubethelwa kwe-wax okunembe kakhudlwana, futhi ngokuvamile ibona izinga eliphezulu le-scrap. Izindleko zekhilogremu ngayinye yengxenye eyinkimbinkimbi ingaba kabili noma kathathu kuneyodwa elula, ngisho nempahla efanayo.
Bese kuba nevolumu ye-oda. Yilapho abasanda kufika bakhubeka khona. Izindleko zeyunithi ze-prototype eyizingcezu ezingu-50 zilingana nezinkanyezi uma ziqhathaniswa ne-oda lokukhiqiza leziqephu ezingu-10,000. Izindleko ezinqunyiwe-ukuklama ukufa kwe-wax, ukusetha imingcele yenqubo, ukuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala-kuthola ukukhokhelwa phezu kwamayunithi aphelele. Kumaqoqo amancane, i- izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg ubuswa yile mizamo yokusetha nobunjiniyela, hhayi insimbi. Ngike ngabona izingcaphuno lapho izindleko ze-kilogram zomdlalo omncane zaziphezulu kakhulu kwaze kwethusa amaklayenti, kodwa lapho sibala kabusha ivolumu enkulu, kwaqhudelana nokufoja. Umbuzo wevolumu kufanele uxazululwe kuqala.
Ukuqeda kuwumbulali wesabelomali buthule. As-cast? Ukuqhuma kwegrit elula? Imishini ephelele ye-CNC yokubekezelela okuqinile? Ngayinye yengeza izendlalelo zezindleko ezingahlangene nesisindo sokubunjwa. Ingxenye ingase iphume egobolondweni ngesikhathi esifanele izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg, kodwa uma idinga umshini wama-eksisi amahlanu kuyo yonke indawo, izindleko zengxenye yokugcina zisemishinini, hhayi ukulingisa. Isitolo esenza kokubili, njenge-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), sinenzuzo lapha. Bangakwazi ukubona yonke inqubo ukusuka ku-wax kuye engxenyeni eqediwe, okuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kokulungisa kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko eziphelele, kunokulungiselela isigaba sokusakaza.
I-Levers Efihliwe: I-Wax, i-Shell, ne-Yield
Ukusebenzisa i-wax kuwubuciko. I-aluminium eshibhile, ene-single-cavity die ingase isebenze izingcezu ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Kumajometri ayinkimbinkimbi noma amavolumu aphezulu, udinga i-multi-cavity, insimbi eqinile iyafa. Lokho kutshalwa kwezimali kwamathuluzi okuqala kungaba amashumi ezinkulungwane, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zephethini ye-wax yeyunithi ngayinye. Inketho lapha ingena ngqo kowamanqamu wakho izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg. Ingabe uyayehlisa nge-oda lokuqala, noma uhlelela izimpinda ezizayo? Kuyisinqumo esinamasu.
Inqubo yokwakha igobolondo ingenye indawo yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifihliwe. Ijazi elijwayelekile lobuso be-zirconia-silica lisebenzela izinsimbi eziningi. Kodwa kuma-alloys asebenzayo afana ne-titanium noma lezo zinhlu ze-high-nickel superalloys ze-QSY, udinga izibophezelo ezikhethekile kanye nama-refractories. Lezi zinsiza ziyabiza, futhi inqubo idinga abasebenzi abaningi. Izindleko zegobolondo iyunithi ngayinye zingaba kalula ngama-30-50% ngaphezulu. Futhi uma igobolondo ihluleka ngesikhathi dewaxing noma ethela? Lokho kuwukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izindleko ezitholwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Isilinganiso sesivuno singumbusi omkhulu wezindleko. Isivuno esingu-90% uma siqhathaniswa nesivuno esingu-70% sishintsha umnotho wawo wonke umsebenzi. Ukuzuza isivuno esikhulu ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi yilapho isipiliyoni seminyaka engamashumi eminyaka, njengomlando weminyaka engu-30 we-QSY, sikhokha khona. Akuyona into oyithola encwadini.
Ukwelashwa nokuhlolwa kokushisa kuvame ukucatshangelwa kamuva kusisho. Ingabe ingxenye idinga ukwelashwa kwesixazululo nokuguga? Ingabe idinga i-X-ray engu-100% noma ukuhlolwa kokungena kodayi? Lezi yizinto zomugqa ezengeza izindleko ngengxenye ngayinye, hhayi ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Ngake ngasebenza kubakaki be-aerospace lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kokusakazwa kanye nezindleko ze-NDT zigcine zingu-40% wesamba sezindleko zengxenye. I izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg ngoba ukulingwa kwakukuhle, kodwa ingxenye yokugcina yayingekho. Kufanele ulinganise yonke imininingwane.
Ukuqhathanisa Komhlaba Wangempela: Izingxenye Ezimbili, Isisindo Esifanayo
Nasi isibonelo esiphathekayo kusukela eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Sasinezingxenye ezimbili, zombili eziqeda cishe ku-1.2 kg ku-17-4 PH yensimbi engagqwali. Ingxenye A yayiyindlu yamavalvu ehlangene, eyisicucu. Ingxenye B yayiwubakaki wesakhiwo ongasindi onezimbambo ezincane nezigaxa ezikhulayo. Ngokombono omsulwa wesisindo sensimbi, ayefana.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko zengxenye A bekuqondile. Ithuluzi le-wax elilula (umgodi owodwa, i-aluminium die). Ukwakhiwa kwegobolondo okulula ngesivuno esihle. Ukuqedwa okuncane—ukuqhuma nje kwegrit nokwakhiwa kobuso obumbalwa bokuvala. Owamanqamu izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg yayinokuncintisana, futhi inani eliphelele lengxenye lalinengqondo.
Ingxenye B yayiyiphupho elibi. Izimbambo ezincane zazidinga ukufa kwe-wax eyinkimbinkimbi enezinhlamvu ezikhishwayo. Isakhiwo samagobolondo sasikhohlisayo—ukugcina lezo zingxenye ezincane zigcwele ngaphandle kwezinyembezi ezishisayo kwakuyinselele, kwehlisela isivuno sethu sokuqala saba ngu-65%. Yonke ingxenye yayidinga imishini ebanzi ye-CNC kumalugi. Izindleko zekhilogremu ngayinye yokulingisa zicishe ziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kuneNgxenye A. Iphrojekthi yasinda ngoba sisebenze nomklami kanye ne-Foundry (isitolo esinesigaba esiqinile somshini, esifana nalokho ongakuthola. Isikhungo esihlanganisiwe se-QSY) ukujiya kancane ezinye izimbambo futhi ulungise i-lug geometry ukuze kube lula ukwenza imishini. Sihwebe ngesisindo esincane ukuze sizuze enkulu ekukhiqizeni. Ingxenye ebuyekeziwe izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg yehle cishe ngo-30%. Lolo uhlobo lokubambisana oluchaza iphrojekthi ephumelelayo.
Kungani Umhlinzeki Ohlanganisiwe Eshintsha I-Calculus
Lokhu kuholela ephuzwini elibalulekile. Ukuthola isithombe sangempela sezindleko kunzima ngendlela emangalisayo uma usebenza ne-standalone foundry, isitolo semishini esihlukile, kanye nenkampani yangaphandle yokwelapha ukushisa. Izikhala zokuxhumana, ukungqubuzana kwezinto, kanye nokukhombana ngeminwe lapho kuphakama izinkinga konke kwengeza izindleko ezifihliwe zokwenziwayo. Yilapho imodeli yenkampani efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yenza umqondo. Ukuba ne-shell mold casting, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti, kanye nomshini we-CNC ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa akuyona nje iphoyinti lokumaketha.
Kusho ukuthi omashini bangakhuluma nabenzi bephethini kusenesikhathi. Bangaphakamisa ukungeza imilimitha yesitoko endaweni ebalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka, noma batuse ukuguqulwa kwe-engeli okusalungiswa okwenza i-wax ejection ihlanzeke. Lawa ma-tweaks amancane esigabeni se-design-for-manufacturability (DFM) anomthelela omkhulu kuzindleko zengxenye yokugcina nokuthembeka. Ukonga izindleko akuhlali kuphansi izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg ephepheni lokucaphuna; zisesimweni esigwenyiwe, isikhathi esincishisiwe sokwenza imishini, kanye noshintsho olusheshayo oluphelele. Ukhokhela ukuhambisana.
Uhlu lwazo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, kusukela ku-iron cast kuze kufike ku-cobalt ne-nickel alloys, futhi libonisa izinga lokulawula inqubo. Ukuphatha lawo ma-alloys akhethekile akukhona nje ukuba nesithando somlilo esishisa ngokwanele. Kumayelana nokwazi indlela yokungena nesikhuphukeli kuzo, yiziphi izinhlelo zegobolondo okufanele zisetshenziswe, kanye nendlela yokulawula ukuqina. Lobo buchwepheshe buvimbela ukwehluleka kwe-metallurgical ebizayo. Kumthengi, kusho ukuthi ungamethemba ocashuniwe izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg ingxenye ye-superalloy isekelwe kulwazi lwangempela, oluqinile, hhayi ukuqagela okunethemba.
Ukuzulazula Ingcaphuno: Imibuzo Okufanele Ukuyibuze
Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola i-quote ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni ngekhilogremu ngayinye, yini okufanele umbe kuyo? Okokuqala, cacisa isisekelo. Ingabe lezi zindleko zesimo se-as-cast, noma ingabe zihlanganisa ukuqeda okujwayelekile? Lithini inani le-oda elicatshangelwayo? Ingabe izindleko zamathuluzi zifakiwe noma zihlukene?
Okwesibili, buza mayelana nokuqagela kwesivuno. Isitolo esinedumela elihle sizoba nesivuno esihlosiwe esisuselwe engxenyeni yejometri nezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma bengakuniki inombolo, qaphela. Isilinganiso sesivuno esincane siwuphawu olubomvu lokungaqini kwenqubo. Okwesithathu, bhala ngokucacile zonke izidingo zangemuva kokusakazwa. Thola izingcaphuno ezihlukene zokwelapha ukushisa, i-NDT, nokwenza imishini. Lokhu kubeka obala kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi imali yangempela iya kuphi.
Ekugcineni, hlanganyela ku-DFM. Okushibhe kakhulu izindleko zokutshala izimali nge-kg ngokuvamile ivela kumklamo ohlonipha amandla nemikhawulo yenqubo. Thumela umdwebo wakho kumhlinzeki onekhono, ohlanganisiwe kusenesikhathi. Impendulo yabo mayelana nokulingana kodonga, ama-engeli asalungiswa, nokuhlanganiswa kwesici kungase kwengeze iviki emugqeni wesikhathi kodwa kungonga u-20% kuzo zonke izindleko. Iphendula uphenyo lwentengo olulula lube ubambiswano, okuyiyona ndlela olawula ngayo izindleko kuleli bhizinisi. Inombolo ye-kg iwumnyango nje ongena kuwo ukuze uqale leyo ngxoxo.
