Lapho abantu abaningi abathengayo bezwa 'i-special alloy bushing', ngokushesha bagxumela kumamaki wezinto ezibonakalayo - Inconel 718, Stellite 6, Hastelloy C-276 - futhi bacabange ukuthi umsebenzi usuphelile. Lelo iphutha lokuqala, futhi elibiza kakhulu. Ingxubevange iyindawo yokuqala; udeveli wangempela usenqubweni yokwenziwa kanye nendawo yesevisi yangempela, okuyinto ukuphrinta ngokuvamile okungalungile. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho umshini omuhle we-cobalt bushing uhlulekile emavikini ngoba wonke umuntu ugxile 'kokukhethekile' futhi wakhohlwa ngengxenye 'ye-bushing' yomsebenzi wayo.
I-Special in the Alloy Akuyona Inhlamvu Yomlingo
Ake sikhulume ngama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, njenge-Stellite. Yebo, ukuguga okumangalisayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okufana nokuxhunywa kwe-turbine noma amaphampu aqinile e-slurry. Kodwa ukuyicacisa kuyingxenye elula. Inqubo yokulingisa yalezi zinto iyisilwane esihlukile. Abafani nokuthela insimbi empunga. Ukuziphatha kokuncibilika, ukusabela kwesikhunta segobolondo, ukuncipha kokuqina - uma i-Foundry yakho ingenalo ulwazi olujulile, uzothola ukuqhekeka okuncane, okufakiwe, noma ubulukhuni obungaguquki khona kanye ngaphandle kwesango. Ibukeka iphelele ize ingene ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu noma isebenze.
Ngikhumbula umkhiqizi wamavalvu ethola inqwaba ye i-alloy bushings ekhethekile ulayini wokucubungula amakhemikhali okonakalayo. Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo beziphelele, zonke ku-ASTM A494. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, babonisa ukugaya ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kukhomba ekusabalaleni kwe-carbide. Ukulingisa kuphole ngokushesha kakhulu, kwakha inethiwekhi ye-carbide ephukayo, engalingani emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Ukucaciswa kuhlangatshezwane nakho, kodwa i-metallurgy yayingalungile ekufakweni kwesicelo. Ukulungiswa bekungeyona into entsha; bekuwumkhuba obuyekeziwe we-Foundry ngokupholisa okulawulwayo. Yilapho umlingani athanda khona I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) uyagqama. Ngamashumi amathathu eminyaka kugobolondo nokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali, kungenzeka babone futhi baxazulula le nkinga yesilinganiso sokupholisa kuyo yonke imindeni ehlukene yengxubevange. Yilolo lwazi lwenqubo, hhayi nje isithando somlilo, olubalulekile.
Okunye ukwengamela okuvamile ukusebenziseka. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel adume ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi. Uklama isihlahla esibekezelela kahle esinezingxenye ezincane. Uma ukulandelana komshini we-CNC kuvaliwe - ibanga lokufaka elingalungile, okuphakelayo/isivinini esingalungile, ukupholisa okungekuhle - udala izingcindezi eziyinsalela noma ungqimba lwesikhumba oluqinile. Ingxenye idlula ukuhlolwa kokugcina kodwa yonakale noma iqhekeke ngaphansi komthwalo wokuqala. Isihlahla asizange siphumelele; inqubo yangemuva kokusakazwa yenza.
Idizayini Yokukhiqiza, Hhayi Eyomsebenzi Kuphela
Onjiniyela bathanda ukuklama i-bushing efanelekile: iziteshi zokugcoba eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindlela ezingaphansi zokugcinwa kwezimpawu, izindonga ezincane zokonga isisindo. Bese beyiphonsa phezu kodonga ukuze ikhiqize. Ngama-alloys akhethekile, lena iresiphi yenhlekelele kanye nezindleko zezinkanyezi. Yonke i-nuance yomklamo iphindaphinda ubunzima.
Isibonelo, lezo zimbobo zangaphakathi zikawoyela ezibhoboziwe. Esihlahleni sensimbi, uyawabhoboza ngemva kokubunjwa. Ngama-alloys amaningi e-nickel noma e-cobalt, ukubhola ngemuva kokuphonsa kunzima. Ngokuvamile kungcono ukuwaphonsa usebenzisa ama-ceramic cores. Kodwa lokho kudinga idizayini yesikhunta yochwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umgogodla usekelwa ngendlela efanele futhi awuguquki ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, kanye nokuthi okubalulekile kungasuswa ngokuphelele ngemva kokusakazwa ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela. Ubuchwepheshe be-QSY ku ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali iba bucayi lapha. Bangakwazi ukweluleka ngamajiyometri angenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni. Ingabe leso siteshi kufanele sibe yindilinga noma sibe yi-oval? I-engeli encane yokusalungiswa ingase yenze ukususwa okuyinhloko kuthembeke ngo-100% ngaphandle kokuthikameze umsebenzi. Lokhu kuya emuva naphambili yilokho okuhlukanisa i-prototype esebenza engxenyeni elungele ukukhiqiza.
Ukufana kokuqina kwezindonga kungomunye umbulali othule. Isihlahla singaba ne-flange ewugqinsi kanye nomkhono omncane. Ukupholisa okuhlukile esikhunjeni kudala izingcindezi. Ku-alloy ekhethekile ye-brittle, lokhu kungaholela ezinyembezini ezishisayo - imifantu emincane eqala ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ungase ungaziboni ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokungena kodayi. Isifundo: ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukwengeza into encane engxenyeni eyodwa ukuze uqinisekise ukupholisa okufanayo, bese uyibuyisela ngomshini. Kubukeka kumosha, kepha ishibhile kunesilinganiso se-scrap esingu-30%.
Isici Esiyikhohliwe: Indawo Yokukhwelana
Nasi isifundo esiphumelele kanzima: i-bushing ayisebenzi yodwa. Ukusebenza kwayo kuyimpahla yesistimu. Ungafaka i-Stellite bushing ephelele endlini yensimbi emnene, futhi ngaphansi komthwalo, ukukhubazeka kwezindlu okuthambile, ukungahambi kahle kwesihlahla futhi kubangele ukulayisha onqenqemeni kanye nokwehluleka okusheshayo. Ukumataniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo yikho konke.
Sibe necala ku-pivot ye-excavator ye-heavy-duty. I i-alloy bushing ekhethekile (i-cobalt-based) icaciswe ukumelana nemihuzuko. Iphini laliyinsimbi eqinile. Imodi yokwehluleka bekuwukugqoka okunamathelayo okunzima. Inkinga? Umehluko wobulukhuni wawudlulele kakhulu. Izindawo ezimbili ezishiselwe nge-micro-welded ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokuxhumana. Isixazululo sasiwukwehlisa kancane ubulukhuni be-bushing futhi uqinisekise ukuqedwa kwendawo ethile kuphini. Bekungamukeleki - sehlise izinga lempahla yesihlahla ukuze senze uhlelo lusebenze. Lolu uhlobo lokwahlulela okusebenzayo okuvela ekuboneni izingxenye zihluleka ensimini, hhayi nje eshidini ledatha.
Ukuhambisana nokugqwala kungenye inkundla yemigodi. I-super corrosion-resistant nickel alloy bushing ingase idale i-galvanic cell enezindlu zensimbi engagqwali endaweni emanzi, edla indlu. Ngezinye izikhathi, udinga ukucacisa imikhono yokuzihlukanisa noma i-coatings hhayi ye-bushing, kodwa ukuvikela umakhelwane wayo. Ukubuka kwesistimu akuxoxiswana ngakho.
Lapho Imishini Ye-CNC Yenza Noma Iphula I-Bushing
Ukusakaza kukuthola umumo onzima, kodwa owokugcina CNC imishini ichaza ukusebenza. Ukubekezelelana kuwumugqa owodwa nje emdwebeni. Ku-bushing, ubuqotho bobuso bubaluleke kakhulu. Inqubo yokwenza imishini akumele ilulaze izinto ezibonakalayo ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokubunjwa nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Thatha ingxube ye-nickel eqinile njenge-Inconel 718. Ithola amandla ayo kusukela kumjikelezo othile wokwelapha ukushisa. Ukwenza imishini enolaka kungakhiqiza ukushisa okwanele kwendawo ukuze kuguge kakhulu okokusebenza kuleyo ndawo, kudale indawo ethambile. I-bushing ingase ibe nobukhulu obuphelele kodwa yehluleke ngaphansi komthwalo ngenxa yalobu buthakathaka bendawo. Umakhi wemishini onekhono, noma isitolo esinokusakaza okudidiyelwe kanye nokwenza imishini efana ne-QSY, uyazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali, akhethekile, okokupholisa ngomfutho ophezulu, namaphasi okuqeda ukukhanya ukuze kulondolozwe i-substrate.
Bese kuba khona ukuphela kwe-bore. Ukuqedwa kwesibuko akuhlali kuhle kakhulu. Ukuze kube nesihlahla esihloselwe ukugcina uwoyela, kudingeka iphethini ethile ye-cross-hatch. Kokunye okusebenzayo okomile noma okokugcoba kwefilimu okuqinile, isilinganiso esihlukile sokurhabaxa (Ra) silungile. Ukuxhumana nalesi sidingo esisebenzayo eqenjini lemishini kubalulekile. Ukubeka nje u-Ra 0.4 emdwebeni kungase kube okungalungile.
Izindleko vs. Isikhathi Sokuphila: Ukubalwa Kwangempela
I-pushback enkulu kakhulu i-alloy bushings ekhethekile njalo yizindleko. I-cobalt-alloy bushing eyodwa ingabiza ama-50x okulingana ne-carbon steel yayo. Ukwenza lokhu njengengxenye yezindleko yindlela olahlekelwa ngayo ingxabano. Isibalo siyisamba sezindleko zobunikazi: ingxenye yezindleko + umsebenzi wokufaka + isikhathi sokuphumula somshini sokushintshwa + nokulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ngasebenza emshinini wokugaywa wensimbi oqhubekayo. Izihlahla zakuqala zahlala cishe amasonto ayi-6 endaweni eshisa kakhulu, enezikali. Isikhathi sokuphumula sokuwashintsha kwaba amahora angu-12, kubiza izibalo eziyisithupha ekulahlekeni kokukhiqizwa. Sishintshele ku-centrifugally cast nickel-chromium-boron alloy bushing. Izindleko zeyunithi zazimangalisa. Kodwa zahlala ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-18. I-ROI ibalwe ngamaviki, hhayi iminyaka. Ukhiye ubufakazela impilo yonke, obekudinga inqwaba yomshayeli omncane kanye nokuqapha okuqinile okungaphakathi kwendawo. Akekho othenga lezi ngesithembiso sencwajana.
Yilapho ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi ohlanganiswe mpo kukhokha khona. Inkampani ephethe ukulingisa, ukwelapha ukushisa, nokwenza imishini yasendlini, njengokusebenza okuchazwe kuyo Le yindawo ka QSY, zinganikeza ukubikezela okuthembeke kakhudlwana kokusebenza nempilo yonke ngoba zilawula lonke uchungechunge oluguquguqukayo. Baphinde babona ukuthi kwenzekani uma izingxenye zabo ziphonswa emikhawulweni ensimini, okwazisa ukulawulwa okungcono kwenqubo emuva esitolo.
Ukuphetha Ngaphandle Kwesiphetho
Asikho isiphetho esihle lapha. Ukucacisa nokukhiqiza i-alloy bushing ekhethekile ethembekile kuwumsebenzi wokulawula ukuhwebelana kanye nokuguquguquka okufihliwe. Kumayelana nokukhetha umndeni olungile we-alloy, bese uhlanganisa inqubo yokulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini kuleyo ngxubevange ethile yalolo hlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Kumayelana nokuklama isistimu ezungeze i-bushing, hhayi nje i-bushing in sodwa. Futhi kumayelana nokuthola umenzi oqonda ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kusukela ekuncibilikeni kuye ekusikeni kokugcina, ongaba uzakwethu wokubonisana, hhayi nje othatha ama-oda. Isitifiketi esibalulekile siyisiqalo sengxoxo, hhayi ukuphela kwayo. I-spec yangempela ibhalwe ekusebenzeni phansi kwefekthri, isikhathi eside ngemva kokuvalwa kwe-oda lokuthenga.
