Uma ubuza mayelana nezindleko zokutshala izimali, abantu abaningi bagxumela ngqo entengo yeyunithi ngayinye. Iphutha lokuqala lelo. Izindleko zangempela iwebhu yezinqumo, ukuvumelana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, izingibe ezifihliwe ofunda ngazo kuphela ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi ibheke eceleni. Akukona nje mayelana nesisindo sensimbi noma ubunkimbinkimbi bengxenye emdwebeni; imayelana nayo yonke into eyenzekayo kusukela ngesikhathi uphothula idizayini kuze kube usuku othola ngalo i-pallet yokulingisa okuqediwe. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho isilinganiso sokuqala sibukeka sifanelekile, kuphela izindleko zangempela zamabhaluni ngoba akekho obuze imibuzo efanele ngaphambili.
Lapho Imali Iya khona Empeleni
Asihlephule. Izinto ezinkulu zamathikithi zisobala: impahla kanye nomsebenzi. Kepha ngaphakathi kwalokho, ukukhetha kwe-alloy kungumshayeli omkhulu. Ukuhamba ne-standard 316 engagqwali umhlaba owodwa; ukucacisa i-superalloy esekwe ku-nickel njenge-Inconel 718 kungenye indawo yonke ngokwezindleko zempahla eluhlaza kanye nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze uyisakaze kahle. Awukhokheli nje insimbi ebiza kakhulu; ukhokhela ikhono le-Foundry lokuyiphatha ngaphandle kokudala izinga eliphezulu lokulahlwa, okungiletha ephuzwini elilandelayo.
Izindleko zamathuluzi zephethini ye-wax ngokuvamile aziqondwa kahle. Kuma-prototypes noma amavolumu aphansi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa amaphethini aphrintiwe e-3D, agcina ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kodwa akhuphule izindleko zeyunithi yephethini ngayinye ye-wax. Ukuze uqalise ukukhiqiza, udinga isikhunta se-aluminium noma sensimbi. Leyo yindleko enkulu yemali yangaphambili. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ukutshala imali kanye nokwenza imishini, ngokuvamile kuzokweluleka ngaleli phuzu lokulinganisa. Iwebhusayithi yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, ichaza umsebenzi wabo ngama-alloys akhethekile, akutshela ngokushesha ukuthi ahlelelwe imisebenzi lapho izindleko zempahla nezinqubo zokulawula zidlula ukukhathazeka kwamathuluzi.
Bese kuba nenqubo yokwakha igobolondo ngokwayo. Inani lamajazi e-ceramic, isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwalelo nalelo, uhlobo lwe-stucco olusetshenziswayo - konke lokhu kuhlanganisa isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza. Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi enamaphakethe ajulile ingase idinge amajazi ayisikhombisa noma ayisishiyagalombili, kuyilapho umumo olula udlula amahlanu. Ijazi ngalinye lengeza usuku emjikelezweni. Ngakho, yakho izindleko zokutshala izimali iboshelwe ngokuqondile ekutheni ingxenye yakho ithatha isikhathi esingakanani endaweni yokomisa ye-Foundry.
Abashayeli Bezindleko Ezifihliwe (Labo Abakutholayo)
Yilapho isipiliyoni sikhuluma khona. Izimfuneko zokuqeda ubuso. Uma udinga ukuqedwa kwe-as-cast surface kwama-microinches angu-125 Ra, lokho kujwayelekile. Kodwa uma i-spec yakho ibiza u-63 Ra noma okungcono, i-Foundry kufanele ilungise i-ceramic slurry, isebenzise i-stucco ecolekile, futhi ingase yenze okunye ukuqedela kokusakazwa kwangemuva. Lolo shintsho olucacisiwe lungangeza u-15-20% kuzindleko zeyunithi yakho kalula. Kuyimininingwane evame ukunganakwa emidwebeni yobunjiniyela.
Idizayini yokungena nokukhipha umoya ingenye umbulali webhajethi buthule. Isistimu yokungena engalungile eklanyelwe ukonga ezintweni ingaholela ekuvukeleni, ekubambeni komoya, kanye nokushwabana kwe-porosity. Umphumela? Izinga eliphezulu le-scrap. Wonge u-$2 ku-wax kodwa manje unesilinganiso sokunqatshwa esingu-30%. Iqiniso izindleko zokutshala izimali ingxenye enhle isanda kukhuphuka. Ngifunde lokhu kanzima kuphrojekthi yokuqala ye-impeller yepompo; sithuthukise idizayini ukuze isetshenziswe kancane, kodwa iqoqo lokuqala libe nezinga lokuhluleka elingu-40% ngenxa yokushwabana. Kwadingeka siklame kabusha yonke isango, okusho ukuthi amathuluzi amasha kanye nokulibaziseka kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Imisebenzi yangemuva kokusakazwa ivamise ukucashunwa ngokwehlukana. Ingabe intengo ihlanganisa ukunqanyulwa (ukukhipha izingxenye esihlahleni)? Ingabe ihlanganisa ukugaya amasango? Kuthiwani ngokwelashwa kokushisa noma ukuqondisa? Umhlinzeki wesevisi ephelele ohlanganisayo CNC imishini, njengokushiwo kwe-QSY kusingeniso sabo, ngokuvamile ingahambisa lokhu. Ukuba nokusakaza kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa, ukulungisa kabusha, kanye nezinkinga zekhwalithi. Lokho kuhlanganiswa kungehlisa izindleko zakho eziphelele, ngisho noma ikhotheshini yokuqala ingeyona eshibhe ngokuphelele emakethe.
Ivolumu vs. Inkimbinkimbi: Umthetho Wokulinganisa
Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kudume ngamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, kodwa inkimbinkimbi inenani. Ingxenye enezindonga ezincane (ithi, ngaphansi kuka-2mm) idinga umjovo we-wax onembile kanye nokwakhiwa kwegobolondo ukuvimbela ukuphuka noma ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele. Ama-cores angaphakathi engeza esinye isendlalelo sezindleko nobungozi. Ngamavolumu aphansi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uklanywe kabusha ukuze ugweme umongo. Ngomthamo omkhulu, izindleko zesikhunta esiyinhloko ziyancishiswa.
Yilapho ubudlelwano besikhathi eside bubalulekile. I-Foundry eqonda imboni yakho ingaphakamisa izinguquko ze-design-for-manufacturability (DFM) kusenesikhathi. Ukubheka ukugxila kwe-QSY kusikhunta segobolondo kanye ukutshala imali kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, zihloselwe ngokusobala ukuphatha lokho kuhwebelana okuyinkimbinkimbi. Cishe baye beluleka amaklayenti amaningi ngokuthi angangeza kuphi okusalungiswa okuncane noma irediyasi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno.
Izaphulelo zevolumu zikhona, kodwa azinamugqa. Ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko kwenzeka kusuka ku-prototype (izingcezu eziyi-1-10) kuya ekukhiqizeni okuncane (izingcezu eziyi-100-500). Ngemva kwalokho, ukonga ngeyunithi ngayinye kuncipha. Wonga kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemali okukhokhelwayo nesikhathi sokusetha. Impahla kanye nomsebenzi oqondile ucezu ngalunye kuba yizici ezivelele.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: I-Cost Cost Equation
Awukwazi ukukhuluma izindleko ngaphandle kokukhuluma izinto. Izinsimbi zekhabhoni ziyisisekelo. Izinsimbi ezingenasici (304, 316, 17-4 PH) ziyisinyathelo esikhuphukayo. Kodwa uma ungena ohlwini lwe-QSY olusekelwe ku-cobalt noma lwe-nickel, ukuligi ehlukile. Lawa ma-alloys awabizi kuphela ngekhilogremu ngayinye, kodwa futhi kunzima ukuncibilika, ukuthululela, nokuqeda. Zidinga izilawuli zenqubo eziqinile kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okukhethekile.
Izindleko zokusebenzisa lawa ma-alloys akuyona nje into yomugqa we-invoyisi. Kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi i-Foundry inobuchwepheshe be-metallurgical ukugcina izakhiwo ze-alloy. I-Foundry eshibhile ingase inikeze ukusakaza i-Inconel, kodwa uma ingalawuli izinga lokushisa elithelayo noma umjikelezo wokupholisa ngendlela efanele, ugcina unengxenye ebukeka ilungile kodwa ehlulekayo ekusebenzeni. Lokho kuyindleko enkulu, eyinhlekelele.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhetha okulungile ukusebenzisa impahla ebiza kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngikhumbula ingxenye yevalvu ekuqaleni eyayishiwo ku-standard stainless. Yayilokhu ihluleka ngaphansi kokugqwala nokushisa. Sishintshele ku-duplex yezinga eliphezulu, ephinda kabili into izindleko zokutshala izimali. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuphila sale ngxenye sikhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu, okwenza isamba sezindleko zobunikazi zehle kakhulu. Uzakwethu omuhle womsunguli ukusiza ukuthi ubone leso sithombe esikhulu.
Ukufinyelela Ingcaphuno Engokoqobo
Ngakho-ke, usithola kanjani isisho esibonisa iqiniso? Nikeza ngakho konke. Imodeli ye-3D iyisiqalo, kodwa ayanele. Udinga ukucacisa: ibanga lempahla (hhayi nje insimbi engagqwali), izakhiwo ezidingekayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, izindinganiso ezamukelekayo zokukhubazeka (njenge-ASTM A802 yokuhlolwa kwendawo), kanye nezidingo zangemuva kokucubungula. Uma ungacacisi kakhulu, kulapho i-Foundry izokwakhela izimo eziphuthumayo emananini ukumboza ubungozi bazo.
Cela ukuhlukaniswa. Ikhwothi esobala ingase ihlukanise izindleko zamathuluzi, izindleko zokulingisa iyunithi, nezindleko zangemuva kokucubungula. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi imali iya kuphi nalapho kungase kube khona indawo yokuxoxisana noma yokuklama kabusha.
Okokugcina, cabangela inani eliphelele, hhayi nje inani. I-Foundry ehlanganisiwe CNC imishini amakhono, njengalawo achazwe ku tsngtaocnc.com, inikeza ukulawula. Basingatha yonke inqubo kusukela ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya engxenyeni esemshinini, elungele ukuyifaka. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wakho wokuphatha, kwenza ukulandelela ikhwalithi ibe lula (iphuzu elilodwa lomthwalo wemfanelo), futhi ngokuvamile kuholela kukhwalithi engcono kakhulu ngoba ithimba lemishini liyayiqonda inqubo yokusakaza. Lokho kuhlanganiswa kunenani elingasoze laboniswa i-bare-bones per-kilo casting quote. Ekugcineni, iqiniso izindleko zokutshala izimali inani lokuthola ingxenye ethembekile, esebenzayo ehlangabezana nazo zonke izici zakho, ngesikhathi, ngaso sonke isikhathi. Konke okunye kuyisilinganiso nje.
