Uma othile ethayipha 'ukusakaza kwe-investimenti eduze kwami' enjinini yokusesha, ngiyayithola. Umcabango osheshayo umayelana nempahla, izingcaphuno ezisheshayo, mhlawumbe ukuvakasha kwesayithi. Kodwa kuleli bhizinisi, ukusondelana kuvame ukuba ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu yezibalo. Umbuzo wangempela ogqitshwe kulokho kusesha umayelana nokuthola uzakwethu ongaqondi nje i-geometry yengxenye, kodwa i-physics of the pour, ikhemistri yegobolondo, kanye nokuyekethisa okungenakugwenywa kokukhiqiza. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi entengantenga ngoba ukukhetha kwenziwe kususelwa kuphini lemephu kunamandla we-metallurgical. Ake sikhulume ngalokho okufunayo ngempela.
Igeyimu yeShell: Ngaphezu Kokusondelana Nje
Ngakho, udinga ingxenye. Mhlawumbe i-turbine blade, ithuluzi lokuhlinza, noma i-pump impeller eyinkimbinkimbi. Umuzwa wakho wokuqala ukuthola indawo. Kodwa 'indawo' yokutshala imali akufani nokuthola isitolo sekhofi sendawo. I-radius yesakhiwo esinekhono ikazwelonke, ngisho nomhlaba wonke, ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi okhethekile. Ukhiye akuyona ikhodi yabo ye-ZIP; ukulawula inqubo yabo. Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wengxenye yasolwandle ku-316L engenasici. Isitolo esiqhele ngamamayela angamashumi amabili sicaphune inani elimangalisayo nomugqa wesikhathi. Indawo yabo yayingenabala. Kodwa zazivame ukuthululela emazingeni okushisa okuthi, ngenkathi zonga isikhathi seziko, zidale uketshezi oluncane. Umphumela? Ukuvaleka okungaguquguquki, okubandayo okungatheni ezindaweni zokuhlola ezingacekeli phansi. Ingxenye yayibukeka iphelele kodwa izohluleka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Isitolo sasiseduze, kodwa ukwenza kwabo kwakungekuhle neze.
Yilapho ukusesha kwangempela kuqala khona. Awufuni nje ukutshala imali; ufuna i-Foundry ebuza ngomsebenzi wengxenye, amakesi omthwalo wayo, indawo yokugqwala kwayo. Ingabe bayakubuza nge-alloy spec, noma bavele bamukele inombolo? Indawo efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), isibonelo, ibala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 esikhunjeni segobolondo futhi ukutshala imali. Lokho kuphila isikhathi eside ngokwakho kuyiphuzu ledatha. Kulo mkhakha, ukusinda emashumini amathathu eminyaka kusho ukuthi uzulazule kuma-booms namabhasi, wajwayelana nama-alloys amasha, futhi cishe unolwazi olunzulu oluthulile—uhlobo olungekho encwajaneni kodwa olusesinqumweni senduna mayelana nokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kwe-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt.
Iwebhusayithi yabo, ethi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ibonisa uhla lwazo: insimbi eyinsimbi, insimbi, i-stainless, kanye nalawo alloys akhethekile. Lokho kuwuphawu. Ukuphatha ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel akuyona igigi eseceleni; idinga izintambo zomlilo ezizinikele, izimiso eziqinile zokungcoliswa, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihlukile. Uma isitolo sibhala lokho, sikutshela ukuthi sisebenza esigabeni lapho ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo kungaxoxiswana khona. Ishintsha i-calculus 'eduze kwami' isuke ku-geography iye ekubeni seduze kwamandla.
I-alloy Maze kanye ne-Good Enough Trap
Uma sikhuluma ngama-alloys, nansi umgodi ovamile. Umklami ucacisa i-Inconel 718 ngokusebenza kwayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. I-Foundry, efuna ibhizinisi kodwa mhlawumbe engenayo isipiliyoni esihambisana nalo, ingase iphakamise ibanga elifanayo okulula ukulisakaza. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusebenza. Ngokuvamile, kwethula ingozi. Udeveli usekwelashweni kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa kanye nokuzinza kwesigaba okuwumphumela. Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi ngendlu yephampu. Savuma ukushintshwa kwezinto ezihlangabezana ne-chemical specs ephepheni. Yadlula i-QA yokuqala. Yehlulekile ensimini ngemva kwamahora angu-400 engcindezi yokushisa ejikelezayo, yaphuka eduze komngcele wokusanhlamvu. Imbangela? Impendulo ye-alloy esikhundleni somjikelezo wokukhipha isixazululo ibihlukile, okuholela emvuleni yesigaba se-sigma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-Foundry yayingelona ukungathembeki; bamane bangena phezu kwekhanda labo.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhethekile okushiwo yinkampani. Uma i-QSY ibala ngokucacile ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kanye ne-nickel, isho (noma kufanele isho) inqubo elawulwayo yalezi zinto ezinzima. Kusho ukuthi kungenzeka banokwesekwa kwelebhu ye-metallurgical, ngisho noma bekhishwe ngaphandle, ukuze baqinisekise hhayi nje amakhemikhali kodwa nesakhiwo esincane. Okomuntu oseshayo 'ukutshala imali eduze kwami', isifundo ukuphenya isimangalo esibonakalayo. Cela ijika elijwayelekile lokuphatha ukushisa abalisebenzisa ku-nickel alloy. Buza mayelana nenani labo le-scrap yalezo zinto. Izimpendulo zizokutshela okungaphezulu kwemethrikhi yebanga.
Lapho I-CNC Machining Ingeyona I-afterthought
Cishe akukho ukutshala imali okuvela esihlahleni esilungele ukuthunyelwa. Kukhona ukususwa kwesango, ukuqedwa kwendawo, futhi cishe njalo, ukukhanda okubalulekile kuzici ze-datum. Yilapho imodeli edidiyelwe ye-Foundry efana ne-QSY, ebhanqa ukusakaza nemishini ye-CNC, ikhombisa inani layo. Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni nabathengisi abahlukene ukuhumusha kwe-datum. Isitolo sokulingisa sisebenzisa isethi eyodwa yama-datum ukuze sihlolwe. Isitolo semishini kufanele siyimise kabusha, futhi kuleyo nqubo, izitaki zokubekezelela zingabulala ingxenye ethile.
Ukuba nezinqubo zombili ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, noma okungenani ngaphansi kwesistimu eyodwa yokuphatha, kunciphisa lokhu. Ochwepheshe bemishini bangakhuluma ngqo nonjiniyela be-Foundry mayelana nendawo esakazwayo, izindawo ezingase zibe ne-porosity okufanele zigwenywe, kanye nezibonelelo zokuncipha. Ngibone izikhathi zokuhola zincishiswa ngamaviki amathathu ngokususa ukuthunyelwa, ukucaphuna kabusha, nokulungisa kabusha iluphu phakathi kwezinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngakho, usesho lwakho lwe ukutshala imali izinsiza kufanele zicabangele kakhulu lezo ezihlinzeka ngomshini odidiyelwe. Akukhona nje ukunethezeka; kuyinzuzo yejometri kanye nekhwalithi yokulawula.
Bheka ikhasi labo lomshini. Ingabe akhombisa ikhono le-4-eksisi noma i-5-eksisi? Ngokusakazwa okuyinkimbinkimbi njengama-impeller noma ama-turbine blades, ukwenza imishini ye-axis engu-3 ngokuvamile ngeke kuyinqamule (i-pun ihlosiwe). Ikhono lokuqeda umshini ekusetheni okukodwa lilondoloza i-geometry engokwemvelo yokusakaza futhi yonga izindleko.
Ishidi Lengcaphuno: Ukufunda Phakathi Kwemigqa
Uzothola isaphulelo. Izoba nenani ngocezu ngalunye, izindleko zamathuluzi, nesikhathi sokuhola. Ukuqhathanisa okungaqondile kukulezo zinombolo ezintathu. Ukubukeka abanolwazi kukhona kwenye indawo. Okokuqala, bheka ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko zephethini. Ingabe basebenzisa i-prototyping esheshayo yephethini yokuqala, noma izindlela zendabuko? Ngomthamo ophansi, lokhu kubalulekile. Okwesibili, bheka izindlela zokuhlola ezisohlwini. Ingabe ukuphrinta nje, noma bayacacisa imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala, izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo kumazinga e-ASTM/AMS, nezindlela ze-NDT ezifana nokungena kodayi noma i-X-ray? Isigatshana sokuhlola esingacacile siyifulegi elibomvu.
Ngikhumbula isicaphuna esivela ku-Foundry eyayishibhe ngo-15% kunelandelayo. Ulayini wabo wokuhlola uvele wathi isheke le-dimensional. Sahamba nabo. Iqoqo lokuqala lalinobukhulu obuphelele. Bahlulekile ekuhlanganiseni ngoba ukuguquguquka kodonga, okwakungabizwanga ekuphrintiwe njengobukhulu obubucayi, kwakubi kakhulu kangangokuthi izingxenye zazingenakuhlangana. Umsunguli wayehlangabezane nencwadi yokucaphuna. Iphutha lethu belingacacisi ukujiya kodonga oludingekayo kuphrothokholi yokuhlola. Manje, ngihlala ngicela ishidi lokuhlola elijwayelekile. Umsunguli onekhono uzoba neyodwa elungile.
Kumphakeli wezinqubo eziningi, ikhotheshini kufanele futhi icacise ukuthi umshini ufakiwe yini, futhi uma kunjalo, kuze kube sekugcineni. Ingabe ukulingisa okwenziwa ngomshini, noma ingxenye eqediwe? Lokhu kucaca kwehlukanisa abadlali abazimisele nabathatha ama-oda.
Eyibuyisela Eduze Kwami
Ngakho, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, yini 'ukutshala imali eduze kwami' kusho? I-morphs. Kuba kuncane mayelana nebanga elingokwenyama futhi okwengeziwe mayelana nokusimama kwe-supply chain, ukukhululeka kokuxhumana, nokuqondanisa kobuchwepheshe. I-Foundry ngakolunye uhlangothi lwezwe enethimba lonjiniyela bezinkanyezi nokuxhumana kwedijithali okungenazihibe (ukubuyekezwa okucacile kwe-CAD, izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zesithombe sokuqhubeka kwephethini) ingazizwa iseduze kunesitolo sendawo okunzima ukusithola.
Kodwa-ke, ukusondelana ngokomzimba kunenzuzo eyodwa engenakuphikwa: ukufundeka nokwakha ubuhlobo. Ukukwazi ukuvakashela phansi, bheka imigqa yegobolondo ye-ceramic, iphunga i-Foundry (i-foundry enhle ine-specific, hhayi engathandeki, iphunga-iphunga lezinqubo ezilawulwayo), futhi ubheke umphathi wekhwalithi esweni uyigugu. Kwakha ukwethembana. Lapha kulapho inkampani enomlando wokusebenza wesikhathi eside, njengesizinda seminyaka engu-30 esiphawulwe nge-QSY, sinikeza uhlobo lokuzinza. Kade bekhona. Cishe sebekubonile konke.
Usesho lwakho-ke, kufanele luqale ngekhono (amaalloyi, izinqubo, ukwenziwa kwemishini), hlunga ngamandla afakazelwe (isikhathi sokuhlala embonini, uhlu lwamakhasimende, imibuzo yobuchwepheshe), bese ekugcineni, sebenzisa i-geography njengenqamuli yokubopha noma ibhonasi yokuhlela. Umgomo awukona ukuthola umsakazi oseduze. Umgomo uwukuthola uzakwethu onekhono kakhulu ongahumusha ngokuthembekile inhloso yedizayini yakho ibe ingxenye yensimbi esebenzayo, eqinile. Lowo uzakwethu angase abe amamayela angu-200 noma amamayela angu-2,000. Kodwa uma ubathola, ubungcweti babo buyobenza bazizwe njengomakhelwane owufanele umsebenzi.
