Uma othile ecela 'intengo yokutshala imali,' ngiye ngizibuze ukuthi yini ngempela ayifunayo. Ingabe inombolo nje yokuqhathanisa nomunye umphakeli, noma bayaqonda ukuthi yini efaka kuleso sibalo sokugcina? Eminyakeni yami, ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ephazamisekile ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso sokuqala sathathwa njengezindleko ezigxilile, kuyilapho empeleni, kumane kuyisiqalo sengxoxo. Intengo yangempela akuyona nje eyensimbi engxenyeni; olwelo lonke uhambo lokuguqula iphethini ye-wax ibe ingxenye eqediwe, esebenzayo. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi yini ngempela ehambisa leyo nombolo iye phezulu noma phansi.
Lapho Izinombolo Zivela Khona Ngempela
Uthola isicelo, mhlawumbe imodeli ye-3D noma ngisho nomdwebo nje. Umzwelo wokuqala wokubala isisindo sensimbi bese uphindaphinda. Iphutha elikhulu lelo. I intengo yokutshala imali iqala ngesikhunta. Ithuluzi elilula, elinezingxenye ezimbili legiya eliyisisekelo yinto eyodwa. Kodwa uma ingxenye inama-undercuts, izindonga ezincane, noma amashaneli angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi, ubheka isikhunta esinama-slide amaningi noma ama-ceramic cores. Lezo zindleko zamathuluzi ziyancishiswa, kodwa ziwukuhamba phambili kwangempela. Ngikhumbula ngicaphuna i-pump impeller; iklayenti lishaqekile ukuthi ithuluzi lalingama-70% we-PO yokuqala. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalowo mhlangano owumongo oyinkimbinkimbi, ingxenye yayingeke yenziwe. Isilinganiso besingesikhulu; yayinembile.
Bese kuba nengcina. Akuwona wonke ama-wax afanayo. Ukuze uthole izingxenye ezinembayo eziphezulu, udinga ukushwabana okuphansi, ukuhlanganisa okuzinzile. Kubiza ngaphezulu. Inqubo yokujova i-wax ngokwayo-ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi somjikelezo-konke kuthinta ikhwalithi yephethini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isivuno. Iphethini ye-wax eyenziwe kabi iqinisekisa ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo kanye nokungena kwensimbi kamuva, okusho ukulahlwa. Futhi i-scrap yindleko ehlala njalo, ithola indlela yokubuyela emuva intengo yokutshala imali ngocezu ngalunye kwi-oda elilandelayo, uma umphakeli efuna ukuhlala ebhizinisini.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungumshayeli osobala, kodwa akukona umugqa. I-304 engenasici ijwayelekile. Kodwa uma ugxumela ku-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Inconel 718, awuvele ukhokhele iprimiyamu yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukhokhela ukuncibilika komkhathi olawulwayo, ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwembuyiselo (i-gating ne-sprues), futhi ngokuvamile, inqubo yokwakha amagobolondo ehamba kancane kakhulu ukuvimbela ukusabela. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kanye neminyaka yawo engamashumi amathathu ekubumbeni nama-alloys akhethekile, kungafaka lokhu ngokomzwelo wemvelo. Ukucaphuna kwabo kwengxenye ye-valve esekelwe ku-cobalt izohlelwa ngokuhluke ngokuphelele kuneyodwa ye-carbon steel bracket, ngisho nesisindo esifanayo.
Iziphindaphinda Ezifihliwe Abakutsheli Ngazo
Izimfuneko zokuqeda ubuso. Ra 3.2 vs. Ra 1.6. Lokho kubonakala njengomehluko omncane eshidini elicacisiwe. Esitezi sesitolo, kungase kusho isiteji esengeziwe sokumbozwa ngodaka, isihlabathi se-stucco esicolisekileyo, noma ukushintsha kusuka kusilica ehlanganisiwe kuya kwejazi eliyinhloko elisekelwe ku-zircon. Isinyathelo ngasinye sengeza isikhathi, izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, nomsebenzi. Uma ubiza 'njengokuqedwa kwe-cast', intengo iyehla. Kodwa uma udinga indawo engaphezulu elungele ukubethelwa noma ukumbozwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, inqubo yegobolondo ibiza kakhulu. Lokhu akuvamile ukugqashuka ngokucaphuna okulula; kubhakwa kusilinganiso se-kg.
Oda ubungako nokuphindaphindwa. Umnotho wakudala wesikali uyasebenza, kodwa ngokusonta. Ukugijima kwezingcezu ezingu-10,000 kuvumela isango elilungiselelwe, lapho ungase uhlanganise izingxenye ezingu-20 esihlahleni. Iyunithi ibiza kancane. Kodwa ngezingcezu ezingu-50? Usakha igobolondo eligcwele lesihlahla esingabamba izingxenye ezi-4 kuphela. Umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, ukucwilisa, kanye ne-stucco ucishe ufane. Izindleko zeyunithi ziphezulu, futhi kufanele. Yilapho abathengi abasha bekhungatheka khona. Babona 'phezulu' intengo yokutshala imali ukuze uthole i-prototype run futhi uhambe, ungaqapheli ukuthi isakhiwo sezindleko zevolumu ephansi sihluke ngokuyisisekelo. Imodeli ye-QSY, ehlanganisa ukusuka ekwenzeni isikhunta ukuya kumishini ye-CNC, empeleni iyasiza lapha. Bangakwazi ukumunca okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-prototyping uma bebona indlela eya ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu kanye nomsebenzi womshini olandelayo.
Ukuhlola kanye nesitifiketi. Ukuphrinta kushibhile. Yenze iphrinte futhi unikeze izitifiketi zempahla egcwele ku-ASTM A985, ngokuhlolwa kwe-radiographic okungu-100% kuyisilwane esihlukile. Ukuhlola ngakunye—udayi ongenelayo, i-X-ray, i-CMM—kwengeza izindleko ezingaguquki neziguquguqukayo. Ngibe namaphrojekthi lapho iphrothokholi yokuhlola ibiza kakhulu kunokusakaza ngokwako. Akuyona i-markup; wumshwalense nobufakazi. Uma usendaweni yezindiza noma ezokwelashwa, lezi izindleko. Ukuyiyeka ku-RFQ yakho yokuqala ukuze uthole 'intengo yesitikha' kuyindlela yokwenza inhlekelele futhi ushintshe ama-oda kamuva.
Indaba Yangempela: Lapho Intengo Ingahambi Kahle (futhi Ngakwesokudla)
Sake saba neklayenti elathola indawo yokuhlala ukuze lifake isicelo sasolwandle. Bathole izingcaphuno ezintathu. Okwethu bekuphakathi. Abaphansi baqhamuka esitolo esincane esithembisa inyanga. Ingxenye yayiku-316 ingenasici. Umthengi ophansi ulethiwe, kodwa izingxenye zine-micro-porosity. Azibonakali, kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, zavuza. Iklayenti libhekane nenqwaba yokukhumbula kabusha. I intengo yokutshala imali bakhokha, ekugcineni, kwakunguziro, ngoba izingxenye zazingenamsebenzi walutho. Izindleko zokwehluleka—ukuklama kabusha, ukulungisa kabusha izinto, ukulibaziseka kokwethulwa komkhiqizo—kwenze umehluko phakathi kwekhwothi yethu nephansi.
Senzeni ngokuhlukile? Inqubo yethu, ehlonishwe eminyakeni edlule njengase-QSY, ifake nesinyathelo sokuqinisa esinengcindezi saleyo jiyomethri ethile ukuze kuphakelwe ukuhlangana okuminyene. Yengeze inhlawulo yesikhathi somjikelezo. Ukucaphuna kwethu kubonise lokho. Okwabo akuzange kube ngenxa yokungazi noma benethemba lokuthi ngeke kube yinkinga. Lona umnyombo wawo: inani elithembekile libonisa inqubo efakazelwe. Ilandisa ngezingibe ezaziwayo. Intengo eshibhile ivamise ukweqa iminwe yayo.
Umyalo wokulandelela ufikile kithi. Sasebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo (okwasinda, enye izindleko ezivame ukulibaleka—impilo yamathuluzi). Intengo ngengxenye empeleni ibiphansi kunekhwothi yethu yokuqala ngoba ubungozi bebungasekho. Besazi ukuthi inqubo isebenzile. Lobu ubudlelwano besikhathi eside intengo yasekuqaleni esobala eyakhayo. Akukhona ngokuba oshibhe kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala; kumayelana nokuba yizindleko ezifanele empilweni yephrojekthi.
Imishini: Uzakwethu Othule Ezindlekweni Zokugcina
Lokhu kubalulekile futhi lapho isitolo esihlanganisiwe sibonisa inani laso. Ingxenye ye-as-cast cishe ayiyona ingxenye yokugcina. Udinga izibonelelo zomshini ebusweni obubucayi. I-Foundry enhle izokwehlisa lokhu, kodwa ihlala ikhona. Uma uthola isilinganiso sokusakaza esivela ku-Foundry A kanye nesicaphuna somshini esivela eSitolo Somshini B, ulahlekelwe yisiqephu esikhulu sendida yezindleko.
I-Foundry idinga ukuqonda ukuthi izici ze-datum zikuphi, lapho ukubekezelelana okuqinile kukuphi, ukuze bakwazi ukubeka ingxenye esihlahleni bese bengeza isitoko ngokufanele. Uma zingalawuli ukwenziwa kwemishini, ubeka engcupheni ingxenye esakaza kahle kodwa okungenakwenzeka ukuyibamba nomshini ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho. Ngibone izingxenye lapho izindleko zomshini ziphindaphindeka kathathu ngenxa yokuthi umphakeli we-casting ubeke isango kulokho obekufanele kube indawo yokuqala yedatha. Umsebenzi ohlanganiswe mpo njenge QSY igwema lokhu. Onjiniyela babo abasakazi nabahleli bezinhlelo ze-CNC bayakhuluma bodwa. I intengo yokutshala imali banikeza ukhonkolo futhi iphakheji yomshini ngokuvamile iba ngokoqobo kakhulu futhi iphansi ngokuphelele kunesamba sezingcaphuno ezimbili ezihlukene, ngoba baklame iketango lenqubo ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni.
Baphinde baphathe i-logistics kanye nobungozi. Ubani onecala uma kutholakala umfantu ngesikhathi kwenziwa imishini? Uma kungumhlinzeki oyedwa, impendulo icacile. Uma kubili, kuwumsebenzi wokukhomba ngeminwe obambezela yonke into. Lokho kubambezeleka kunezindleko, futhi, nakuba kungabonakali kunoma yisiphi isitatimende se-P&L kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, Kufanele Uyihlole Kanjani I-Quote?
Ungabheki nje emgqeni ongezansi. Yephule. Cela ukwakheka kwezindleko ezingajwayelekile: ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zamathuluzi, izindleko zempahla ngekhilogremu ngayinye (okuhlanganisa inhlawulo yengxubevange), izindleko zokucubungula, nezindleko zokuhlola. Umhlinzeki onedumela elihle njenge-QSY, onomlando omude, ngeke akugweme lokhu. Bayazi ukuthi kwakha ukwethembana. Uma umphakeli ekunika isamba esisodwa sesamba futhi enqaba ukuchaza kabanzi, qaphela.
Umongo uyikho konke. Ingabe bacaphuna ngokusekelwe kumodeli yakho ye-3D oyinikezile, noma benze isibuyekezo sokwenziwa? Isisho esihle sihlanganisa iziphakamiso—Uma sihambisa lolu ubambo ngo-2mm, singagwema umnyombo futhi sinciphise izindleko zamathuluzi ngo-30%. Lowo umlingani, hhayi nje umdayisi. Intengo ngemva kokwenza ushintsho olunjalo lokuklama-ukwenziwa yiqiniso, elilungiselelwe intengo yokutshala imali.
Ekugcineni, cabanga ngezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Bandakanya isikhathi sokuhola (umsebenzi ophuthumayo ubiza ngaphezulu), ukungaguquguquki kwekhwalithi (izindleko zokuhlola namazinga okuhluleka), nosekelo lobuchwepheshe. Ikhotheshini yokuqala eshibhe kakhulu eholela emugqeni wokukhiqiza omile iyona ndlela ebiza kakhulu ongayikhetha. Umgomo uwukuthola intengo emele inqubo esimeme, ephindaphindwayo, nethembekile. Leyo inombolo ebaluleke ngempela. Konke okunye kuwukuqagela nje okunethemba.
