Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'i-wax casting foundry elahlekile', babona inqubo ehlanzekile, cishe enomlingo lapho izingxenye zensimbi eziphelele ziphuma kumagobolondo e-ceramic. Iqiniso, ikakhulukazi endaweni ethengisa imisebenzi exubene kakhulu, enevolumu ephansi, libi kakhulu futhi lihluke kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngokuncibilikisa insimbi bese uyithela; kuwukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwenhloso yokuklama, ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nefiziksi enenkani yensimbi epholisayo. Amakhasimende amaningi afika elindele izimangaliso ku- ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile ukuzicubungula, ungaqapheli ukuthi ikhono langempela le-Foundry lisekulindeleni nasekulawuleni ukuhlanekezela, ukuphatha amasistimu okungena ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza, kanye nokwazi kahle ukuthi i-17-4PH i-stainless izoncipha kanjani uma iqhathaniswa ne-316L. Yilapho amashumi eminyaka okwenza izandla zakho ziba ngcolile.
I-Core Illusion: Ukunemba Nokunganeliseki Kwayo
Igama elithi 'investment casting' lithengisa iphupho lokuphelela komumo wenetha. Futhi yebo, ezingxenyeni eziningi, kukusondeza kunokubunjwa kwesihlabathi noma ukubumba. Kodwa 'i-net-shape' iyi-spectrum. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yengxenye ye-turbine, umsebenzi we-alloy osekelwe ku-nickel. Umdwebo ubufuna ukubekezelelana okubukeka kuhle ephepheni. Iphethini ye-wax yayiphelele. Igobolondo lalibukeka lihle. Kodwa lapho insimbi ingena, i-geometry yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi yakha isisindo sokushisa esingalingani. Ingxenye eyodwa iphole ngokushesha, idonsa ingcindezi odongeni oluncane. Umphumela? Ukuhlanekezela okungaba ngu-0.5mm kudathamu ebalulekile - okwanele ukuhlakaza inqwaba. Isifundo kwakungesona leso i-wax casting foundry elahlekile kwehlulekile; kwakuwukuthi inqubo yayikhulumile. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva, siguqule iphethini ye-wax 'ngokuhlanekezela' okunxephezela, uhlobo lokuguquguquka okusekelwe kulokho okwenzekayo, ukuze sithole ingxenye yokugcina yensimbi ngaphakathi kokucaciswa. Lowo ngumsebenzi ongathandeki: i-forensic metallurgy kanye nokulungiswa kwejometri.
Yilapho impilo ende ye-Foundry ibalulekile khona. Isitolo esifana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngomlando wayo weminyaka engu-30, ibone lezi zindlela zokwehluleka kuwo wonke ama-alloys namajamo. Leyo nkumbulo yesikhungo ayinakushintshwa. Alikho encwadini yezandla; kusemuzweni ohlangene wamathumbu wabenzi bephethini nabaqhubi besithando somlilo. Bakha umuzwa wokuthi ukuphonsa okude, okuzacile kunsimbi ye-carbon kudinga izinga lokushisa elihlukile lokuthela kanye nedizayini yesikhuphukeli kune-squat, i-chunky ku-iron edonsa amanzi. Awukwazi ukukulingisa konke.
Ukukhetha okubalulekile kungenye inkundla yamabhomu. Amaklayenti ajwayele ukushintshela ku-'insimbi engagqwali' ukuze amelane nokugqwala. Kodwa yimuphi? 304 kulula ukuyiphonsa kodwa ingahlushwa imvula ye-carbide ezindaweni ezithinteke ukushisa uma ukushisela kudingeka kamuva. I-316 inokumelana okungcono kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi kancane ukuyondla ngesikhathi sokuqina, ijwayele ukuncipha kancane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, siphushela kuma-alloys akhethekile - i-cobalt ne-nickel-based. Ukuziphatha kwabo ku ukutshala imali inqubo iyisilwane esihlukile ngokuphelele. Zine-viscous, zinamafasitela ashisayo anembile, futhi zifuna izinto zegobolondo ezihlanzeke ngokuphelele ukugwema ukungcoliswa. Ichashaza lokungcola lingaba indawo yokuqala ukuqhekeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ukukhuluma kwe-QSY ngokusebenza kahle kulawa ma-alloys akuyona nje inhlamvu yezinhlamvu; kusho ukuthi batshale imali esimweni esilawulwayo sokuncibilika kanye nobuchwepheshe begobolondo obudingekayo ukuze kusingathwe, okuyinto abaningi abasunguli be-generalist abagwemayo.
Iqhawe Elingasuliwe: Ukuxhawulana Kwezandla
Hhayi serious i-wax casting foundry elahlekile isebenza endaweni engenalutho. Ingxenye yabalingisi icishe ihlale iyisakhi esenziwe ngomshini. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ngibone ama-casting amahle acekelwe phansi isitolo semishini esibaphatha njengebhilidi lempahla yesitoko. Bazothatha ukusikeka okunzima, bengaqapheli ukuthi isikhumba sokutshala imali singaba nobunzima obuhlukile noma ukuthi ukugeleza okusanhlamvu kwangaphakathi akufani. Umphumela? Ukuxoxa ngamathuluzi, ukufaka okuphukile, noma okubi nakakhulu, okudala ingcindezi ebonakala njengokuqhekeka emavikini kamuva.
Ukusetha okuhle, nokukodwa okubonakala kuyimodeli ku-QSY kunikezwe ukusakaza kwabo okuhlanganisiwe kanye CNC imishini amasevisi, ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile. Ithimba lemishini lidinga ukwazi ukuthi ingxenye yafakwa futhi yaphakanyiswa kanjani. Kudingeka bazi ukuthi i-porosity okungenzeka ibe khona (imvamisa isendaweni eshisayo, eduze nendawo yokugcina ukuze kuqiniswe). Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zihlele izindlela zazo zokulungisa kanye nezindlela zamathuluzi ukuze zigweme lezi zindawo ukuze ziqedele izinto ezibalulekile noma ziwasuse ngokuphelele endaweni yokuqala enzima. Uma ukusakaza nomshini kungaphansi kophahla olulodwa, iluphu yempendulo iyashesha. Umakhi angakwazi ukubuyela esitezi sokuqala bese ethi, Sithola ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi okuyinqaba kule flange, futhi unjiniyela we-Foundry angahlola ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini inkinga yobulukhuni bendawo evela ekupholiseni okusheshayo.
Lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ukuze kube nenani. Ishintsha i-casting foundry esuka kumnikezeli wempahla ibe umhlinzeki wezixazululo. Kuklayenti, kusho iphuzu elilodwa lokuziphendulela. I-Foundry ayikwazi ukusola umakhi wemishini ngesici esingaphansi komhlaba, futhi umakhi akakwazi ukusola i-Foundry ngokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini. Kufanele bakuxazulule ndawonye. Iphoqa umbono ophelele wengxenye ukusuka ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe.
I-Shell Mold: Ihhashi Lokusebenza Elithulile
Abantu bathanda kakhulu i-wax nensimbi, kodwa igobolondo liyisihluthulelo esithule sekhwalithi. Inqubo 'ye-shell mold casting' i-QSY iklelisa eceleni kokusakaza kwe-investimenti iyasho. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile isebenzisa i-ceramic slurry kanye ne-stucco eyakhelwe eduze kwephethini ye-wax, ukubumba igobolondo ngokuvamile kusebenzisa isikhunta sesihlabathi esihlanganiswe ne-resin esakhiwe ngaphambili ukuze kube nezimo ezilula. Kodwa izimiso zobuqotho begobolondo ziyinto yonke. Ukwehluleka kwegobolondo kuyinhlekelele - ukuphela kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyingozi futhi kuyabiza.
Usathane usekomisweni nasekudubuleni. Ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi igobolondo ithuthukisa imifantu emincane. Ihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi ukukhiqiza kuyehla. Ukushaqeka okushisayo lapho insimbi engu-1500°C ishaya igobolondo lezinga lokushisa legumbi kukhulu. Igobolondo kufanele libe nokungena okwanele ukuvumela umoya namagesi ukuba kuphume, kodwa lingabi nezimbotshana kangangokuba insimbi ingene, ibangele 'i-metal flash' emahhadlahhadla. Ukuthola le bhalansi ifanele iphaneli enkulu, eyisicaba kuhlukile kunomzimba wevalvu ominyene, oyichunky. Kuyiresiphi elungiswa ngomuzwa nolwazi, ngokuvamile opharetha baseziko eliphakeme owehlulela umsindo owenziwa igobolondo lapho uthepha.
Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi, umgogodla (owenza i-geometry yangaphakathi) ungenye yekhanda elibuhlungu. Kumelwe ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze imelane nokugeleza kwensimbi kodwa igoqeke ngokwanele ukuvumela ukushwabana kwensimbi ngaphandle kokubangela izinyembezi ezishisayo. Ukusebenzisa i-core material engalungile ekubunjweni kwensimbi engagqwali kungaholela 'ku-core shift' ngesikhathi sokuthela, ukulungisa kabi lawo maphasishi angaphakathi futhi kuchitheke ingxenye. Uhlu lwamakhono e-Foundry luvamise ukucwebezela lokhu, kodwa kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko lokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe.
Lapho Izinto Zingahambi Kahle: Isiko Lokulungisa Amaphutha
Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kuwukuhlola kweqiniso kwe-Foundry's mettle. Ake sithi uthola inqwaba ene-porosity ehlakazekile. Ukusabela ngokushesha kungase kube ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula. Ngezinye izikhathi lokho kuyasebenza. Ngezinye izikhathi, kwenza kube kubi kakhulu ngokwandisa ukuncibilika kwegesi ensimbi, okube sekuphuma njengamabhamuza njengoba kuphola. Isizathu sangempela kungase kube umswakama egobolondweni kusukela osukwini oluswakeme olungabhakwanga ngokuphelele, noma ushintsho oluncane lokushisa lomjovo we-wax oluguqule isiphetho esingaphezulu sephethini, luvale umoya.
Ngikhumbula icala elalinochungechunge lwezinsimbi ezisansimbi lapho sasilokhu sivaleka khona amakhaza (umthungo obonakalayo lapho kuhlangana khona imifudlana yensimbi emibili kodwa ingahlangani). Silungise i-gating, isivinini sokuthulula, izinga lokushisa lensimbi. Lutho. Ekugcineni, othile ucabange ukuhlola izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisa kwegobolondo ngaphambi kokuthela. Yehle cishe ngo-50°C. Igobolondo lalisebenza njengesithako sokushisa, lipholisa ingaphambili lensimbi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukulungisa lokho kwakulungisa. Iphuzu liwukuthi, inqubo inenqwaba yezinto eziguquguqukayo. Isazi i-wax casting foundry elahlekile inendlela ehlelekile, cishe yokuxilonga ekuxazululeni inkinga, ezalwa ngokubona lokhu kwehluleka ngaphambilini.
Yingakho ubudlelwano besikhathi eside ne-Foundry bubalulekile. I-oda lokuqala lingase libe nokuhiccup njengoba izinhlangothi zombili zifunda. Kodwa ngokohlelo lwesihlanu, i-Foundry 'ineresiphi' yengxenye yakho ethile - isethi yamapharamitha abawaziyo ukuthi ithela impumelelo. Lolo lwazi luwumkhiqizo wangempela, hhayi nje ukuma kwensimbi.
Ikusasa Alikona Nje Ukuzenzakalela
Kunezinkulumo eziningi mayelana namaphethini aphrintiwe e-3D kanye nokwakhiwa kwamagobolondo okuzenzakalelayo. Futhi zilungele ukwenza i-prototyping namajiyometri athile. Kodwa emisebenzini eminingi yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi enezingxenye ezimisiwe, izindlela zendabuko zisaqinile futhi zingabizi. Umshini wokucindezela umjovo we-wax osetshenziswa isisebenzi esinekhono esikwazi ukuzwa ukudonsa kancane kuphistoni futhi silungise ingcindezi ngokufanele kunzima ukusishintsha ngokuphelele. Iso lomuntu elithola ukungafani okuncane emhlanganweni oyinhloko liseyithuluzi elinamandla le-QC.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo engikubona kuma-Foundries anekhono njenge-QSY ukuhlanganiswa kwalawa makhono endabuko namathuluzi edijithali. Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa yokuqinisa ingangenisi isipiliyoni, kodwa ukuyiqinisekisa. Ukusebenzisa idatha ye-CMM evela ku- CNC imishini isigaba sokubuyela emuva kuma-algorithms wokulungisa iphethini. I-foundry floor yanamuhla iyingxube: amabhuzu anothuli nezikrini zokuthinta.
Ekugcineni, inani le-a i-wax casting foundry elahlekile ilele ekwahluleleni kwayo. Kusekwazini ukuthi kufanele ulandele nini ishidi elicacisiwe ngokuqinile nokuthi kufanele ushayele nini unjiniyela futhi uphakamise ushintsho oluncane lwe-fillet radius oluzosindisa amasonto ekhanda. Imayelana nokuphatha ukungaqiniseki okungokwemvelo kokuguqula insimbi ewuketshezi ibe ingxenye enembile, ethembekile. Kuwumsebenzi wezandla, ofihlwe njengemboni.
