Uzwa 'insimbi engagqwali elahlekile' futhi abantu abaningi bafanekisela le nqubo engenasici, cishe enomlingo lapho uthola khona ingxenye engenasici ephuma esikhunjeni. Iqiniso, ikakhulukazi ngamabanga afana no-304 noma 316, kuningi kakhulu mayelana nokuphatha okulindelekile nokwazi ukuthi inqubo ilwa nawe kuphi. Akukhona nje ngokuncibilikisa insimbi bese uyithela; kuwukuxoxisana nokuziphatha kwempahla, kusukela esigabeni sephethini ye-wax kuze kufike kulokho kugaya kokugcina. Ukukhanya kuza kamuva, ngemva kokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi.
Ingxubevange Akulona Nje Ishidi Elicacisiwe
Ukukhetha ibanga elingenasici kuyiphuzu lokuqala lesinqumo langempela, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-316 iyindlela yokumelana nokugqwala, ngokuqinisekile, kodwa ukuziphatha kwayo kwehlukile ku-304. Ijwayele ukudabuka kakhulu uma isango lakho lokungena nokupholisa kungadayiliwe. Ngibone amaphrojekthi lapho bacacise khona u-316L ngazo zonke izizathu ezilungile zamakhemikhali, kodwa umumo ube nalezi zinguquko eziwugqinsi ukuya kwezincane ebezicela ukuqhekeka. Kwesinye isikhathi, kufanele uhlehle futhi uphakamise ukuguqulwa kumklamo noma nixoxe ngokuthi i-CF8M (okulingana nokulingisi okungu-316) enokwakheka okulungiswe kancane ukuze ikwazi ukusakaza kangcono ingase ifinyelele umgomo ofanayo. Yilolu lwazi olusebenzayo lwe-alloy oluhlukanisa ukusakaza okusebenzayo nenqwaba ye-scrap.
Bese kuba nodaba lokuqedwa kwendawo ngqo kusuka kugobolondo le-ceramic. Abantu balindele lokho kubukeka kwe-stainless yakudala ngokushesha ngemuva kokungqongqoza. Okutholayo empeleni indawo e-matte kancane, evame ukukala edinga umsebenzi. I ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile inqubo ishiya lesi sikhumba njenge-cast. Ukuthi kuhle kangakanani kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi ye-ceramic slurry kanye nendlela yokukhipha waxing. Ukukhishwa kwe-flash dewaxing ku-autoclave kuvamile, kodwa uma imingcele icishiwe, ungathola ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo elivumela insimbi ingene, udale lezo zindawo ezimbi, ezixubile eziyiphupho elibi ukuze umshini ucishwe kamuva.
Uma sikhuluma ngomshini, yilapho amandla okusebenza aphelele kazakwethu eba bucayi khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) igqamisa kahle lokhu. Abenzi nje ukutshala imali; banamashumi eminyaka ku-CNC machining futhi. Kukhulu lokhu. Ngoba uma usebenza nokusakazwa kwensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezinembayo, cishe njalo uzodinga umsebenzi we-CNC wangemuva kokusakazwa. Ukuba nakho konke ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kusho ukuthi bayakuqonda ukucindezelwa okungokwemvelo kokulingisa, izindawo eziqinile ezingaba khona ngenxa yokuphola, futhi bangahlela ukulandelana komshini ngendlela efanele. Igwema umdlalo wokusola phakathi kwezitolo ezihlukene zokulingisa kanye nezamamishini.
Lapho Inqubo Iluma Emuva: I-Gating and Shrinkage
Idizayini yokufaka i-gating ye-stainless ku-wax elahlekile iwubuciko obuningi kunesayensi. Ulwa nokuncipha, okubalulekile ngokungenasici. Amasango awazona nje iziteshi zensimbi; zingamachibi ensimbi encibilikisiwe ephakela ukubunjwa njengoba iqina, ivimbela ukuncipha kwe-porosity. Uma zincane kakhulu noma zibekwe kabi, uzothola i-porosity ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi. Yinkulu kakhulu, futhi udala osinki okushisa amakhulu ahlanekezela ingxenye noma adale izimbotshana ezincipha esangweni ngokwalo, ezingahamba ziye ekulingeni.
Ngikhumbula inqwaba yemizimba yama-valve eminyakeni embalwa edlule. I-geometry yayiyinkimbinkimbi, ine-flange esindayo ekugcineni. Isihlahla sephethini sokuqala esakha sasinesango elisezingeni eliphezulu. Umphumela? I-shrinkage porosity khona kanye ebusweni obukhuphukayo be-flange. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva, siklame kabusha isihlahla ukuze sisebenzise amasango asindayo, abekwe kahle asebenza njengezokuphakela, futhi sishintshele ohlelweni lokungena ngaphansi ukuze sigcwaliswe ngokuthula. Yengeze izindleko kuphethini, kodwa kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukusakazwa komsindo. Lolu uhlobo lwe-tweak ephindaphindayo, eqhutshwa isipiliyoni ongeke ukuthole encwadini yokufunda.
Okunye ubuqili yigobolondo le-ceramic ngokwayo. Ukuze uthole i-stainless, ngokuvamile udinga i-slurry eyinhloko enofulawa we-zircon omuhle kakhulu ukuze uthole isiphetho esibushelelezi esinciphisa ukuhlanzwa. Kodwa amajazi ayisipele adinga amandla ngoba i-stainless inzima futhi ithululela ekushiseni okuphezulu. Lokho kushaqeka okushisayo lapho insimbi engu-1500°C+ ishaya igobolondo kuwunya. Igobolondo elincanyana kakhulu noma elingashiswanga ngokuphelele lizoqhekeka. Igobolondo eliwugqinsi kakhulu lingase lingaphumi kahle, okuholela ekubambeni kwegesi. Kuyibhalansi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uthola kuphela iresiphi efanele yengxenye ethile yomumo ngokusebenzisa isivivinyo sokuthela noma okubili.
I-Post-Casting: Izinyathelo Zokwenza noma Zokuhlukana
I-Knockout ne-cut-off yilapho ubamba khona umoya wakho. Ubona ukulingisa okungaphekiwe, okusanamathiselwe kusistimu yayo yesango. Nge-stainless, awukwazi ukuvele uyishaye ngesando; uzifaka engozini yokuqhekeka okubandayo. Izindlela ezishisayo ezifana ne-plasma noma ukusika kwe-abrasive zijwayelekile, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungadluliseli ukushisa okukhulu emzimbeni ophonsa, okungase kuthinte i-metallurgy endaweni ethinteke ukushisa, ikakhulukazi uma kuyibanga elizinzile.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akukhethi. Ngokusakazwa okuningi kwe-austenitic stainless, udinga isixazululo se-annealing treatment—ukushisa kufike ku-°C bese kucisha ngokushesha. Lokhu kuncibilikisa noma iyiphi i-chromium carbides okungenzeka ukuthi iye yawa emingceleni yokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokupholisa, okuthi uma ingelashwa, ibangele ukuzwela futhi iholele ekuhlulekeni kokugqwala. Kodwa ukucisha ngokushesha ku-casting eyinkimbinkimbi, enezindonga ezincane? Leso isimemo sokuhlanekezela. Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kuba okubaluleke njengomjikelezo ngokwawo. Isitolo esikuqondayo lokhu, njenge-QSY ngokuhlanganisiwe kwayo CNC imishini kanye nendlela yokulingisa, ingaklama ingxenye kanye nenqubo yokwamukela noma yokulungisa lokhu kunyakaza okulindelekile.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlola nokuqeda. Ukuhlola ukungena kwedayi kungumngane wakho omkhulu wokuthola ukonakala kwendawo. Ngokungenasici, kufanele usebenzise i-pennet engena-chlorine ukuze ugweme ukugqwala. Ukugaya nokupholishwa kuwumsebenzi omningi. Uqala ngegrit eqinile ukuze ususe izigaxa zesango nokungapheleli kwendawo, kodwa kufanele ucophelele. Noma yikuphi ukushiswa kokugaya noma insimbi egxilile evela esondweni elingcolile ingagqwala kamuva, yonakalise ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-stainless. Kuyinqubo egxile emininingwaneni, enensayo i-automation esazabalaza nayo kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlanganisa neMachining: Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Komhlaba Wangempela
Yilapho isithembiso sika elahlekile wax ephonsa insimbi engagqwali iyabonakala ngempela. I-Near-net-shape ikhono lihle kakhulu ekunciphiseni udoti womshini kuma-alloys abizayo. Kodwa i-Near-net-shape ayiyona i-net-shape. Uhlala ushiya isitokwe semishini. Malini? Yilokho ubizo lokwahlulela. Kuncane kakhulu, futhi ukushintsha kancane kokulingisa noma isici esingaphezulu kusho ukuthi ingxenye ingaphansi. Kakhulu, futhi umosha isikhathi sokwenza imishini nempilo yamathuluzi kokungenabala okunzima.
I-Foundry enhle izosebenza nomakhi wemishini kusukela ekuqaleni. Bazoxoxa ngamaphoyinti edatha womshini. Ngokuvamile, uzoklama amaphedi athile noma izici ekuliseni ezingabalulekile kodwa zinikeze indawo ehlanzekile, ethembekile ukuze umshini we-CNC ubambe futhi ubhekise kuyo. Lokhu kubambisana kubalulekile. Uma ubheka imodeli ye-QSY, lapho baphatha khona kokubili ukulingisa nokwenza imishini, le loop yempendulo ingaphakathi futhi isheshayo. Ithimba lemishini litshela ithimba elilingisayo uma lihlala lithola indawo eqinile endaweni ethile, okungase kubonise inkinga yokupholisa, futhi inqubo ingalungiselelwa ukusebenza okulandelayo.
Sake sazama ukukhipha imishini yezinye izindlu zamaphampu esitolo semishini ejwayelekile. Ukubunjwa kwakukuhle, kodwa ochwepheshe bemishini babebaphatha njengamabhilidi. Bathathe ukusikeka okujulile, okunolaka, baqhumisa amathuluzi ezindaweni ezinzima ezingalindelekile (ukubanda okuncane okuvela esikhunjeni), base besola ukulingisa kwethu ngokungaguquki. Uma usebenza nomhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe oqondile, leyo nkinga iyanyamalala. Bafunda umbiko wokulingisa, bayasazi isimo sokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi bahlela izindlela ze-CNC ukuze basebenze nayo, hhayi ngokumelene nayo.
Imicabango Ephethayo: Yinqubo, Hhayi Inkinobho
Ekupheleni kosuku, kuphumelele ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile ensimbi engagqwali imayelana nokuhlonipha lonke iketango. Akuyona isevisi yempahla. Ukukhethwa kwe-alloy, iphethini kanye nomklamo wesango, ukwakha amagobolondo, ukuthululwa, ukwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nomshini wokugcina zonke izigaba ezixhumene lapho izinto zingahamba kahle. Inani livela ekubeni nomhlinzeki ongagcini nje ngokuzibona njengesisekelo, kodwa njengomhlinzeki wezixazululo zokukhiqiza.
Kungakho imisebenzi enomlando omude, njengeminyaka engama-30+ eshiwo ngu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, bathambekele ekuletheni ngokwethembeka. Cishe babone izindlela eziningi zokuhluleka. Balahle yonke into kusukela kubakaki abalula kuya kuma-impeller ayinkimbinkimbi kuyo yonke into kusukela kokujwayelekile insimbi engagqwali kulawo ma-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel anobuqili. Leyo nkumbulo yesikhungo ihumusha ngokuqondile izimanga ezimbalwa endaweni yesitolo.
I-takeway? Ungamane uthenge intengo ngekhilogremu ngayinye ekulingiseni. Bheka izindleko eziphelele zengxenye eqediwe, eyenziwe ngomshini, nehloliwe. Futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, bheka ubufakazi bokusebenza ngezandla, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo endleleni yabo. Buza mayelana namasu abo okungena avamile engxenye efana neyakho, ukuthi bakusingatha kanjani ukuhlanekezelwa kokwelashwa kokushisa, noma ukuthi bawasungula kanjani ama-datum omshini. Izimpendulo zizokutshela uma usebenzisana nodokotela weqiniso noma umuntu ophakathi nendawo.
