Uzwa okuningi mayelana nokuqina kwe-gravity cast iron, kodwa iningi lengxoxo ligeja iphuzu. Akukhona nje ngebanga lensimbi noma ubukhulu bodonga. Ukuthambekela kwangempela, ukusuka lapho ngimi khona ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu embonini yokusungula, kuwukusuka ekuphatheni ukuqina njengento engaguquki kuye ekuyiphatheni njengokuguquguquka kwenqubo, okuthonywa kakhulu izinguquko ezicashile kumasu kanye nezinqumo zangemuva kokusakazwa. Wonke umuntu ufuna ingxenye ehlala phakade, kodwa indlela yakhona iya iba miningi kakhulu.
Umbono Oyiphutha Ngendaba NjengeNkosi
Uma amaklayenti ebuza mayelana nokuqina, into yokuqala agxumela kuyo yizinga lezinto ezibonakalayo. Nginike i-Class 35 noma ngaphezulu. Impela, amandla okuqina abalulekile. Kodwa ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho becacisa khona insimbi yezinga eliphezulu, bese bebeka engcupheni yonke enye into enqubweni yokonga amasenti ambalwa ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ikhemikhali encibilikayo ishintshwa ukuze kube izikhathi zokuthulula ngokushesha, ukujova kuyashesha—kungazelelwe, leyo nsimbi ye-premium igcwele i-graphite engapholile noma ama-carbides amaningi. I izingxenye zensimbi amandla adonsela phansi phuma ukuhlolwa ukuze ucaciswe ephepheni, kodwa i-microstructure i-brittle. Bahluleka emkhakheni ngaphansi kokulayisha okujikelezayo, futhi wonke umuntu usola okubalulekile. Kwakungeyona impahla; kwakuyinqubo ezungeze impahla.
Sibe necala eminyakeni embalwa edlule lomzimba we-hydraulic valve. Ukucaciswa bekuqinile, kudinga ubuqotho bengcindezi. Ukugijima kokuqala kusetshenziswe i-ayina yengulube yezinga elijwayelekile enokushisisa okuphezulu ngokucophelela kanye ne-inoculant yobunikazi esiyithuthukise ngaphakathi endlini. Izingxenye zaphumelela zonke izivivinyo. Umuntu esincintisana naye wehlise intengo yethu kakhulu. Kamuva sathola ukuthi basebenzisa insimbi yesisekelo sezinga eliphezulu kodwa banqamula amakhona okulawula izinga lokushisa lokukhunta kanye nesivinini sokuthulula. Izingxenye zabo zaphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-hydrostatic kodwa zaqala ukubonisa imifantu emincane ngemva kwemijikelezo yokucindezela engu-500. Okwethu bekusagijima ku-5000+. Iklayenti labuya. Siyini isifundo? Uzalo lwe-iron alubalulekile kakhulu kunendlela oyiphatha ngayo ngesikhathi amandla adonsela phansi inqubo.
Lokhu kuholela kuthrendi yokuqala yangempela: ukugxila ekuhambisaneni kwenqubo njengomshayeli oyinhloko wokuqina. Imayelana nokulawula konke okuguquguqukayo—ugqinsi lwejazi lokukhunta, ukuthulula izinga lokushisa, izinga lokupholisa esibunjeni—ngokushisekela inkolo. Abagawuli bedatha ezithandweni zethu kanye nemigqa yokuthulula akuzona nje ezobukiso; ziyindlela esilandelela ngayo inkinga yokuqina sibuyele ekwehleni okungu-10-degree Celsius ku-ladle lokushisa ekupheleni kokuthela.
Lapho Ukuqina Kuzuzwe Ngempela Noma Kulahlekile: IJiyomethri Engabonakali
Ukuqina akuklanyelwe kumodeli ye-CAD; iphonswe engxenyeni. Lolu wushintsho olukhulu ekucabangeni. Onjiniyela baklama umsebenzi, kodwa bavame ukuklama amajiyometri adala ukugxila kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokuqina. Amakhona angaphakathi acijile, izinguquko zesigaba ngokungazelelwe—lezi zingababulali bokuqina. Umkhuba engiwubonayo uwukubambisana eduze ngaphambi kokuba isikhunta senziwe. Asichithi isikhathi esiningi ku-software yokulingisa hhayi nje ukuze sigweme amaphutha asobala, kodwa ukuze sibonise ukucindezeleka okushisayo ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Isibonelo, ubakaki we-compressor esindayo. Idizayini yayinesakhiwo sezimbambo esihle, esonga isisindo. Kodwa ukulingisa kwethu kubonise amathuba aphezulu okuklebhuka okushisayo ezimpambanweni zezimbambo. Siphakamise ukungeza ama-fillet amancane, hhayi ukuze asetshenziswe amandla, kodwa ukuze aqine ngesikhathi sokudala. Iqembu labaklami lenqaba—lengeza isisindo esincane. Sikhiqize iqoqo elilodwa njengoba linjalo, nelilodwa elinezinguquko zethu. Iqoqo njenge-as-is libe nesilinganiso se-scrap esingu-30% emifantwini ebonakala kuphela ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokungena kodayi. Iqoqo elilungisiwe? Eduze kweziro. I ukuqina yokusakazwa komsindo kwakuphakeme ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuthi yasinda ekuzalweni kwayo ngaphandle kwamaphutha angaphakathi.
Lokhu kulingisa okusebenzayo kuba yisinyathelo esingaxoxiswana nathi kwa-QSY. Kuwutshalomali olukhokha ngokugwema inhlekelele, amaphutha afihliwe aholela ekuhlulekeni kwenkundla. Ihambisa ukuqina phezulu.
I-Post-Casting Gambit: Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Nomshini
Nansi ingxabano. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi. Ezinye izitolo ziyithatha njengebhokisi eliyimpoqo ukumaka. Abanye bayeqa ukuze bonge isikhathi namandla. Ukuma kwethu sekushintshile. Manje sesiyibuka njengethuluzi elikhethiwe. Kumajamo ayinkimbinkimbi, avalelwe njengezindlu zamaphampu, kubalulekile. Ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela okuvela ekupholiseni okungalingani kungaba kukhulu. Ukweqa ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka kufana nokugoqa isiphethu ngaphakathi kwengxenye; umshini uzowukhulula, ubangele ukuhlanekezela, futhi imithwalo engaphakathi kwesevisi izosebenza engxenyeni egcizelelwe ngaphambili.
Kodwa futhi siye saphatha ngokweqile izingxenye. I-lever elula, enozimele ovulekile eyenziwe ngensimbi empunga ibe nomjikelezo ogcwele wokukhulula ukucindezeleka. Akuzange nje kukhululeke izingcindezi; ithambise kancane impahla, yehlisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka endaweni ethwala ukhiye. Kwakuyindaba yokusebenzisa iresiphi evamile ngaphandle kokucabanga. Manje, sinquma ngokusekelwe ku-geometry, ukuhlukahluka kodonga, kanye nokujula kokugcina komshini. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngengxenye ezinzile, elula, ukupholisa okulawulwayo esikhunjini kwanele. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luwumkhuba obheke ekuhlakanipheni, hhayi nje ngaphezulu, ukucubungula.
Khona-ke kukhona imishini. Ingxenye ephonswe kahle ingonakaliswa ukukhanda okunolaka. Sihlanganise imishini ye-CNC ngokwengxenye ukulawula lesi sinyathelo sokugcina esibalulekile. Ukuthatha isisindo esinzima, esisheshayo ku-a insimbi ingxenye ingadabula i-graphite matrix phezulu, idale inethiwekhi yama-micro-fractures abe yizindawo zokuqala zokukhathala. Ochwepheshe bethu bemishini bayazi ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elithile lejiyometri kanye nokuphakelayo/amasivinini ekulingiseni kwethu. Akukhona nje ukushaya ubukhulu; imayelana nokugcina ubuqotho esisebenze kanzima ukuze sibudale endaweni yokusungula.
I-Alloying Subtlety: Akuyona yonke into eyi-Superalloy
I-buzz ihlale imayelana nama-alloys angavamile. Kodwa emisebenzini eminingi yezimboni, izinzuzo zokuqina ezivela ekuhlanganiseni okumpunga noma i-ductile iron zimayelana ne-finesse kune-brute force. Izengezo ezincane zethusi, ithini, noma i-chromium. Asikhulumi ngokuthuthela ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, kodwa mayelana nokulungisa i-matrix.
Sasebenza ngepuleti eligugile lomshini wokuthutha wezimayini. Insimbi empunga ehlanzekile igqoke ngokushesha kakhulu. I-ayoni ye-ductile yayiqine kakhulu futhi ibiza. Sahlala phezu kwensimbi empunga enesengezo esilawulwayo se-chromium nethusi. I-chromium ithuthukise i-matrix eqinile, ye-pearlitic yokumelana nokuhuzuka, kuyilapho ithusi licolisa i-graphite namandla athuthukisiwe ngaphandle kokuqina okukhulu. I ukuqina izitayela lapha kumayelana ne-micro-alloying yamaphrofayli ezakhiwo ezithile, ngokuvamile eqondiswa iminyaka yokuhlola namaphutha kumarekhodi ethu. Akunabukhazikhazi kunokuthi sisebenzisa ama-superalloy, kodwa ngokuvamile kusebenza kakhulu futhi konga kakhulu uhlelo lokusebenza.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Foundry kungenakungena esikhundleni. Awukwazi ukuvele ukhiphe lezi zokupheka encwadini yesandla. Zincike emthonjeni wakho wensimbi oyisisekelo, umkhuba wakho wokuncibilika, ngisho nomthelela wesimo sezulu sendawo yakho ekomisweni kwesikhunta. Isosi eyimfihlo ivamise ukuba amashumi eminyaka nje edatha engeniwe.
Ukwehluleka Njengothisha Ongcono Kakhulu: I-Anecdote Yakho
Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sami ngilapha e-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), saba nokwehluleka okukhulu okwalungisa kabusha indlela yethu. Iqoqo le-ductile iron gearbox limboza uhlelo lokusebenza lwasolwandle. Bawaphase wonke amasheke e-QA. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha sisebenza, sathola ucingo olushaqisayo: imifantu yayivela emigodini yebhawudi. Kwakuyinhlekelele.
Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kwaba nesihluku. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlangabezane ne-nodularity kanye nebanga. Umklamo wawuzwakala. Umlandu? Ushintsho ohlelweni lwe-sand binder ukuya kumkhiqizo omusha, osheshayo. Ithuthukise izinga lethu lokukhiqiza isikhunta kancane, kodwa yashintsha amandla okupholisa ngokwanele nje ezigabeni ezibalulekile ezizungeze abaphathi bebhawodi. Yakha indawo yokuqukethwe kwe-carbide ephakeme kancane, iyenze ibe brittle. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo okuvela ekudlidlizeni kwenjini kwathola ukuthi ubuthakathaka. Silahlekelwe iklayenti, sakhokhela okushintshwayo, futhi sacishe salahlekelwa isithunzi sethu.
Lokho kwehluleka kwasiphoqa ukuthi sifake ukulawulwa koshintsho. Noma yiluphi ushintsho—isibophezelo esisha, isitofu esisha, impahla ye-ladle liner entsha—manje sedlula eqoqweni lokuhlola kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuqinile nokuhlaziywa okuncane. Asivivinyi nje ezincazelweni ezijwayelekile; sibheka lezo zinguquko ezicashile ze-microstructural. Leso sifundo esibuhlungu senza okwengeziwe emhlabeni wangempela ukuqina yethu izingxenye zensimbi amandla adonsela phansi kunanoma iyiphi incwadi engake yaba nayo. Kuwumkhuba ozalwa yizibazi: ukuqina kwesistimu phezu kokujaha ukusebenza kahle okuncane.
Ngakho-ke, abhekephi amathrendi? Kude nezimpendulo ezilula. Kubheke ekulawuleni inqubo edidiyelwe, kusukela ekulingiseni ukuya ekwelashweni okushisa okukhethiwe kuye ekukhiqizeni ngobumnene. Ibheke ku-micro-alloying ngokusekelwe kudatha yomlando ejulile. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekuhlonipheni lokho kuqina akuyona impahla oyihlolayo engxenyeni ethile; isiko owakha kunqubo. Ukulawula okuyisicefe, okucophelelayo, okungaxoxiswana ngakho kweziguquko eziyikhulu okungekho muntu ozibonayo—kuze kube yilapho ingxenye isasebenza ngokungenasici eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Yilowo mkhuba wangempela. Ungathola enye yefilosofi yethu esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinqubo zethu ezinemininingwane kusayithi lethu kokuthi tsngtaocnc.com, kodwa ulwazi lwangempela, njengenjwayelo, lusezingeni eliphansi.
