I-Stellite alloy yitemu elivamile lochungechunge lwama-cobalt-chromium alloys amelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuguga kanye nokugqwala. "I-Stellite" ekuqaleni yayiyilungelo lobunikazi leqembu le-Deloro. Ngo-2012, i-Deloro Stellite Group yatholwa yi-Kennametal futhi yaba uphawu lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe lwe-Kennametal, olusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuma-alloys athile asekelwe ku-cobalt.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali we-Stellite alloy:
I-Stellite alloy ingeyomndeni we-alloy-based alloy futhi iqukethe ikakhulukazi lezi zakhi ezilandelayo:
I-Cobalt (Co) : Isici se-matrix, esibalela cishe u-50-65% wesisindo esiphelele, sinikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokukhathala okushisayo.
I-Chromium (Cr) : Okuqukethwe kwayo ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-25% no-33%, futhi iwukhiye wokwenza ungqimba oluqinile oluvikelayo lwe-chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), enikeza ingxubevange ukumelana okuvelele kwe-oxidation yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokugqwala.
I-Tungsten (W) ne-molybdenum (Mo): Izakhi zokuqinisa isisombululo esiqinile. Enye i-tungsten noma i-molybdenum izohlangana nekhabhoni ukuze yakhe i-carbides eqinile, ithuthukise kakhulu ubulukhuni obubomvu nokumelana nokugqoka kwe-alloy.
Ikhabhoni (C) : Okuqukethwe kushintshashintsha phakathi kuka-0.1% no-3.0%. Ikhabhoni iyisici esiyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwama-carbides (afana ne-MC, M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃), ashumekwe ku-matrix ye-cobalt njengamabha ensimbi, akha "uhlaka lwamathambo" ukuze ingxubevange imelane nokuguga.
Ukuqiniswa kwe-Stellite alloy ikakhulukazi kuvela ku-matrix ye-austenite eqiniswe isixazululo esiqinile kanye nama-carbides asakazwa ku-matrix. Le ndlela yokuqinisa eyingqayizivele yenza i-Stellite alloy ikwazi ukwehla kancane kancane emandleni njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, iyenze ibe nokusimama okushisayo okuphakeme kakhulu.
Amamaki amakhulu kanye nezici ze-Stellite alloy:
Uchungechunge olungagugi
I-Stellite 1: Ibanga le-carbon ephezulu ne-high-tungsten enobunzima obufika ku-HRC 48-55. Inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa kwe-anti-abrasive futhi ifanele izihlalo zama-valve, ama-bearings nama-liner angagugi, njll.
I-Stellite 4: Amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obukhulu. Ilungele ukufa kwe-stamping ebandayo, izingxenye zokugqoka ezicindezela kakhulu, njll.
I-Stellite 6: Ibanga eliguquguqukayo nelisezingeni eliphezulu, laziwa ngokuthi "uJack wazo zonke izinhlobo". Inokulingana okuphelele kokuqina (mayelana ne-HRC 40) nokuqina, futhi ifaka ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuvala ama-valve, ama-valve enjini nama-bushings ahlukahlukene, njll.
I-Stellite 12: Ukusebenza kwayo kuphakathi kwalokho kwe-Stellite 1 kanye ne-Stellite 6, enobulukhuni obucishe bube ngu-HRC 45. Iqinile futhi ayigugi kakhulu kune-Stellite 6, futhi ifanelekela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namavalvu okucindezela okuphezulu, amasaha, ama-screw push rods, namavalvu okulawula.
I-Stellite 20: Ibanga elinobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu (cishe i-HRC 60), eliklanyelwe kakhulu izimo zokuguga ezilumayo, futhi livame ukusetshenziswa emikhonweni ethwalayo, amapuleti angagugi, namaringi ajikelezayo avala uphawu.
I-Stellite 100: I-Impact-resistant kanye ne-cavitation resistant, ikakhulukazi eyenzelwe izimo zokuguga ngokweqile, ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-impellers, ama-turbine blades, namathuluzi amakhemikhali.
Uchungechunge lokushisa okuphezulu/ukumelana nokugqwala
I-Stellite 21: Ibanga eline-carbon ephansi, eliqukethe i-molybdenum elinokuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo okuvelele. Ama-turbine blades, ama-valve ashisa kakhulu, izingxenye zemboni yenuzi.
I-Stellite 31 (X-40) : Iqukethe i-nickel, ihlanganisa amandla aphezulu ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokumelana nokukhathala okushisayo, futhi sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa njengento yokuqondisa i-vanes ezinjinini ze-aero kanye nezingxenye zezinjini zegesi.
I-Stellite 25: Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, okunokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokukhathala okushisayo, i-oxidation kanye ne-sulfidation, ilungele izingxenye zegumbi elivuthayo.
Uchungechunge Olukhethekile Lokusebenza
I-Tribaloy T-400: Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ephezulu, indawo enhle kakhulu yokuzithambisa enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuzigcoba ngesigaba samaLaves, ilungele ikakhulukazi amavalvu esango kanye nezingxenye zokuthambisa ezingenawo uwoyela kumithombo yokushisa ephezulu kanye negqwala kakhulu.
I-Tribaloy T-800: I-molybdenum ephezulu ne-chromium ephezulu, enokumelana kangcono nokugqokwa kune-T-400, ilungele indawo efunwa kakhulu, eyonakalisayo kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Stellite alloy
Izinzuzo
Ubulukhuni obubomvu obuvelele: Isici esivelele kakhulu se-Stellite alloy ukuthi ingakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu namandla ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu asukela ku-650 kuya ku-1000℃. Ama-carbide awo awaphinde ancibilike aze afike ku-1100℃, okunzima ukuthi izinto eziningi ezisekelwe ku-iron kanye ne-nickel zifinyelelwe.
Ukumelana nokugqwala okubanzi: Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ephezulu kuyenza ikwazi ukwenza ifilimu yokudlula ezinzile emithonjeni ehlukahlukene egqwalayo, okuhlanganisa amanzi olwandle, i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid kanye negesi eshisa kakhulu, ebonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nakho kokubili ukugqwala okufanayo kanye nendawo. Ikakhulukazi mayelana nokumelana nokugqwala okushisayo (okufana ne-sulfidation), ama-Stellite alloys avame ukuphakama kunama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel ngenxa yephuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilika lama-cobalt sulfide.
Ukumelana nokugqokwa okuvelele: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-intermetallic friction wear (i-adhesive wear) noma ukuguguleka komhlabathi okubangelwa uketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya, i-Stellite alloy isebenza kahle kakhulu. Ine-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuklwebheka.
Ukumelana nokukhathala okushisayo okuhle kakhulu: Ingakwazi ukumelana noshintsho olukhulu lokushisa (ukushaqeka okushisayo) ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izimo zokuqala zokumisa ama-valve, isikhunta, njll.
Ububi
Amandla anganele ezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo: Emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo (afana no-600-800℃), amandla ama-Stellite alloys ngokuvamile angu-50-75% kuphela walawo ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezigaba zokuqinisa ezihlangene.
Ubunzima bokucubungula okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu nokuqina okuphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kwe-Stellite alloy kunzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokugaya kuphela noma ezikhethekile zokucubungula zingamukelwa, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokukhiqiza izingxenye.
Ukushoda kwezinsiza: I-Cobalt iyinsiza ebalulekile yamasu. Izinqolobane zalo zomhlaba zilinganiselwe futhi zisakazwa ngokungalingani, okuholela entengo ephezulu ye-Stellite alloy. Ngokwezinga elithile, lokhu kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwesilinganiso esikhulu.
Ukumelana ne-oxidation okulinganiselwe: Naphezu kokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala okushisayo, ukumelana ne-oxidation kwama-Stellite alloys ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ezine-high-temperature oxidation ngokuvamile kuphansi kunaleyo yama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel.
