Uma abantu abaningi bezwa izingxenye zensimbi ezingajwayelekile, bafanekisela ubakaki abalula abade kunokuvamile, noma mhlawumbe igiya elinamazinyo angavamile. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Eqinisweni, umhlaba ochazwa ukungabikho kwenombolo yekhathalogi. Akukhona nje mayelana nobukhulu obushintshiwe; kumayelana nokudala isixazululo esisebenzayo lapho ingxenye engaphandle kweshalofu ihluleka, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijezisayo zokushisa, ingcindezi, noma ukugqwala. Inselele yangempela akukhona nje ukuyenza—ukwenza isebenze ngokwethembeka lapho singekho isibonelo esingalandelwa.
Umongo Wokungewona Okujwayelekile: Kuyinqubo, Hhayi Umkhiqizo
Awukwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi zingxenye kuchungechunge lwenqubo. Umdwebo uhlala phezu kwedeski lakho—ngokuvamile umdwebo ongemuhle ovela kunjiniyela—futhi umbuzo wokuqala uthi ngeke sikwazi ukwenza lokhu ngomshini? Ngenzelwani? Umsebenzi ubeka yonke into: impahla, indlela yokusakaza, ukubekezelelwa kwemishini. Isibonelo, ingxenye yevalvu eshisa kakhulu yesitshalo samakhemikhali ayiyona nje ingxenye yensimbi engagqwali. Iqala njengokufakwa kwe-investimenti ku-alloy esekwe ku-nickel ukuze ibambe ukugqwala, bese ingena ngemishini ye-CNC enembile yezindawo zokuvala, kulandelwe ukwelashwa okukhethekile kokushisa. Ingxenye izalwa kulokhu kulandelana. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu enqwabelanisa isipiliyoni kukho kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, ikuthola lokhu ngokwangempela. Ungabona indlela yabo kuphothali yabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com—abanikezi nje ngamasevisi; bakhombisa ikhono elididiyelwe. Ukhiye lowo. Ukulima ukusakaza esitolo esisodwa bese ucindezela kwesinye ukuze uthole ingxenye engajwayelekile kuyindlela yokukhomba iminwe uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo yilapho izinqumo ezinkulu zokuqala zenzeka khona, nalapho amaphutha ebiza khona. Iklayenti lake laphikelela kokuthi 316 ingenabala ukuze libe yingxenye endaweni ene-chlorated kakhulu, licaphuna izinga lemboni. Sahlehla, siphakamisa i-duplex engagqwali noma ingxubevange ye-nickel. Bahambe no-316 ukuze bonge izindleko. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, sasenza isethi yokufaka esikhundleni se-alloy 20. Siyini isifundo? Okungajwayelekile ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ayijwayelekile futhi. Imitapo yolwazi oyibona kusayithi efana ne-QSY's, efaka kuhlu yonke into kusukela kunsimbi ekhonjiwe kuya kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, akuyona nje imenyu; bayikhithi yamathuluzi yokuxazulula lezi zinkinga zemvelo ezingashiwongo.
Isigaba se-prototyping sinonya. Kulapho idizayini yetiyetha ihlangana khona namaqiniso aphathekayo. Ungase ube nemodeli enhle ye-CAD yezindlu ze-turbine eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinezindonga ezincane e-Inconel. Kodwa ingabe inqubo yokukhipha isikhunta segobolondo ingafinyelela lokho ukujiya kodonga ngaphandle kwamaphutha? Ingabe amathuluzi e-CNC angafinyelela iziteshi zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokuchezuka? Sinemiklamo ebukeka iphelele kodwa edinga ukuthi sithuthukise ukulungiswa kwezifiso ukuze nje sibambe ucezu lomsebenzi ngesikhathi somshini, sengeza u-30% emugqeni wesikhathi. Lezi yizindleko ezifihliwe zomsebenzi ongajwayelekile. Akukona ukungasebenzi; intela ye-R&D.
Lapho Ukulingisa Nomshini Kungqubuzana (Ngokwezwi nezwi)
Lona imininingwane ecwebezelayo ecwebezela kakhulu: i-handoff esuka ku-Foundry ukuya esitolo semishini. Ngengxenye ejwayelekile, une-spec. Ngengxenye engajwayelekile, usungula i-spec nge-athikili yokuqala. Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta segobolondo, okwaziwa ngokuphela kahle kwendawo nokunemba kobukhulu, kusenezinto eziguquguqukayo—amazinga okuncipha ayahluka kancane ngeqoqwana, ikakhulukazi ngama-alloys akhethekile. Umakhi wemishini udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-datum ikuphi ekulingiseni okungahluziwe. Ingabe ingaphezulu? Imbobo yokuhlola yokuphonsa? Lokhu sikufunde kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi ngokwenza ama-machineline endaweni yethiyori yokwakhiwa kwephampu. Umphumela waba ingxenye eyakhiwe kahle ngomshini enobukhulu bezindonga obuhlukahluka ngo-1.5mm, okuyenza ingabi namsebenzi. Manje, le nqubo ihilela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesakhiwo ekubunjweni kokuqala, ukuyipenda ngokoqobo ngodayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubhala ama-datum angempela omshini kukho. Iwubuchwepheshe obuphansi kodwa ibalulekile.
CNC machining Castings non-standard kungenye isilo. Awuqali nge-uniform billet. Ubambelela ekulingeni okumahhadlahhadla, okuvamise ukungalingani. Ukusika kokuqala kubalulekile—kusungula indiza yakho eyinkomba futhi kuvame ukuveza i-porosity engaphansi komhlaba noma okufakiwe. Ngikhumbula igiya lensimbi elikhulu elingenalutho lapho ithuluzi lalikhuluma khona ephasini lokuqala. Sithole indawo eqinile, indawo epholile kusukela kunqubo yokulingisa. Lonke ukulandelana komshini kwakudingeka kulungiswe endizeni, okuphakelayo okunensayo kanye nesivinini. Uma uyisitolo semishini esithenga ukulingisa okungavuthiwe enkampanini yangaphandle, lokhu kutholwa kuholela ekumisweni nasekusolweni. Lapho i-Foundry nesitolo somshini kuhlanganiswa, njengase-QSY, impendulo isheshayo. Ithimba le-Foundry lingalungisa izinga lokushisa elithelayo noma isikhunta se-batch elandelayo, futhi ithimba lemishini livumelanisa uhlelo lwalo. Iphendula inkinga ibe ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo.
Bese kuba nejiyomethri enikeza abahleli bezinhlelo ikhanda elibuhlungu. Amaphakethe angaphakathi ajulile, ukusikeka okuphazamisekile kuma-blade e-turbine e-investimenti, ama-engeli ahlanganisiwe ayinqaba. Akukhona nje mayelana nekhono le-axis engu-5; imayelana nesu lendlela yamathuluzi. Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elide kakhulu kungabangela ukuchezuka, konakalise ukubekezelelana. Kwesinye isikhathi, kufanele udizayine futhi wenze umnikazi wamathuluzi ongajwayelekile noma ibha eyisicefe yangokwezifiso. Umgomo awukona nje ukususa insimbi; ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokuyenga ingcindezi noma ukudlidliza okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kokugcina kwengxenye. Yilapho iminyaka engama-30 yesizinda i-QSY ikhuluma khona akuwona umugqa wokumaketha—iwumtapo wezincwadi wezixazululo zesikhathi esidlule ongazikhipha lapho kufika inselele entsha, eyinqaba.
I-Alloy Dilemma: Izindlela Ezikhethekile Ezibizayo, Kodwa Ziyadingeka
Amaklayenti ayakwenqaba ukucaphuna ingxenye ye-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt. Ngiyakuthola. Izindleko zempahla ngekhilogremu ziyamangalisa. Ukulungiswa akukho ezintweni ngokwazo, kodwa ekuhlulekeni kuvimbela. Sasebenza engxenyeni yepulasitiki extrusion die—i-wear plate. Insimbi yamathuluzi ajwayelekile ingahlala cishe izinyanga ezi-3 ekugelezeni kwe-polymer ehubhukayo, eshisayo. Siyifanise ku-cobalt-chromium alloy (uhlobo lwe-Stellite). Imishini yayiyiphupho elibi; iyasebenza-iqina khona manjalo, idinga ukusethwa okuqinile namathuluzi abukhali, akhethekile e-carbide. Kodwa lelopuleti lahlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-18. Ukonga kwesikhathi sokuphumula kunciphise izindleko zengxenye. Ubuchwepheshe lapha bukabili: ukwazi ukuthi ungancoma nini lawa ma-alloys akhethekile, nokwazi ukusebenza nawo. Akulona ikhono ovele ulithenge; uyakha ngamathuluzi acekeleke phansi kanye nompompi abaphukile.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwalezi zingxubevange ezingajwayelekile ngemuva komshini kungenye indawo yezimayini. Ezinsimbi eziningi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-nickel alloys, ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyingxenye yokufeza izinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo-ukuqina, amandla aqinile, ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka. Kodwa ukwelashwa ukushisa kungabangela ukuphazamiseka. Ukulandelana kubaluleke kakhulu. Uyawusebenzisa umshini oqinile, uphatha ukushisa, bese uqeda umshini? Noma ingabe umshini ngokugcwele, bese ukushisa ukushisa at lokushisa eliphansi ukuze unciphise warping? Ayikho impendulo yencwadi yokufunda. Kuya nge-geometry yengxenye, ukuziphatha kwe-alloy, nokubekezelelana kokugcina. Kudingeke ukuthi silahle amaqoqwana ngoba asitholanga kahle ukulandelana komumo wengxenye entsha, nakuba sasike sasebenzisa ingxubevange efanayo ngaphambilini. Ijiyomethri entsha ngayinye iyisivivinyo esisha.
Ukuxhumana: Ithuluzi Elingajwayelekile Elibaluleke Kakhulu
Ukwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu akuvamile ukuthi kuvele ekungakwazini kobuchwepheshe. Zivela ezikhaleni zokuxhumana. Unjiniyela udizayina umsebenzi. I-Foundry icabanga mayelana nokulahla. Umakhi wemishini ucabanga mayelana nokufinyelela kwamathuluzi nokubekezelelana. Uma lezi kuyizinhlangano ezihlukene, uthola umdlalo wocingo. Umdwebo uyatolikwa, bese uhunyushwa kabusha. Inothi elibucayi mayelana nokuqedwa kwendawo yokuvala (yithi, i-0.8μm Ra) ingase ilahleke uma umdwebo uyibiza ngamanothi avamile kuphela hhayi ku-callout yesici esithile. Manje siphikelela ekushayeleni ucingo kokuqala kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ongajwayelekile, nonjiniyela weklayenti, umqaphi wethu, kanye nokuhola kwethu komshini konke kulayini. Sidlula umugqa womdwebo ngomugqa, sibuza yonke into. Ingabe le radius kufanele ibe ngu-3mm, noma ingeyokucaciswa nje? Singangeza i-chamfer encane yokufinyelela ithuluzi lapha? Le ngxoxo ibaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe.
Yingakho umlando wokusebenza kwenkampani ubalulekile. Lapho ubona ukuthi inkampani efana QSY sekuneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 ikudidiyela nokwenza imishini, kusho ukuthi kungenzeka bahlele ukuhamba komsebenzi wabo ukuze kube lula lolu hlobo lwenkhulumomphendvulwano oluphambene. Ibhakwe ekusebenzeni kwabo. Iwebhusayithi yabo, i-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ibeka izinsiza zabo mayelana nomnikelo ohlangene—isikhunta segobolondo nokufaka utshalomali kumshini we-CNC. Leso sakhiwo asizenzekeli; kuyimpendulo yesidingo esiyisisekelo ku izingxenye zensimbi ezingajwayelekile umhlaba: ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kusuka kunsimbi encibilikisiwe kuya engxenyeni eqediwe.
Umbhalo uyinsika yokugcina, engathandeki. Ngengxenye evamile, uyithumela nesitifiketi sokuvumelana. Ngengxenye engajwayelekile, ngokuvamile udinga idosi eligcwele: izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo, amashadi okwelapha ukushisa, imibiko yokuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala ngedatha ye-CMM, ngisho nezithombe zezigaba ezibucayi. Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi we-bureaucracy; wukulandeleka. Lapho leyo ngxenye ingcwatshwa emhlanganweni wezigidi zamadola eminyakeni emibili kusukela manje futhi kuphakama umbuzo, lelo dossier ukuphela kokuzivikela. Ukwakha lokhu kugeleza kwenqubo kusukela osukwini lokuqala kuwuphawu lomnikezeli ovuthiwe.
Ekugcineni, Imayelana Nokuxazulula Inkinga Engabhalwanga
Ngakho-ke, sikhuluma ngani ngempela ngezingxenye zensimbi ezingajwayelekile? Asigcini nje ngokwenza into. Senza isixazululo senkinga engakaze ixazululwe ngendlela efanayo. Inani alikho kukhilogremu yensimbi ethunyelwe. Kusolwazini olugxilile—ukuqonda ukuthi ingxubevange esekelwe ku-nickel igeleza kanjani ekubunjweni kokutshalwa kwezimali, umuzwa wokuthi ungasibeka kuphi isikhuphukeli ukuze kunqandwe ukushwabana ekubunjweni kwensimbi okuyinkimbinkimbi, isipiliyoni sokukhetha ukunamathela okulungile kwethuluzi le-carbide lokugaya ingxubevange ye-cobalt.
Kuyinkundla eqhutshwa ngokwehlukile, hhayi imithetho. Yonke ingxenye entsha iyiphrojekthi encane, enezingozi zayo kanye nejika lokufunda. Izinkampani ezihlala njalo, lezo ezakha idumela leminyaka engu-30 njenge-QSY, zenza kanjalo ngokuhlela indlela ezisingatha ngayo lezi zici—hhayi ngokuzenza zibe sezingeni, kodwa ngokuba nenqubo eqinile, yokuxhumana, nedidiyelwe engakwazi ukumunca ukuhlukahluka futhi isalethe ingxenye esebenzayo. Ngokuzayo lapho ubona i-RFQ engajwayelekile, bheka udlule umdwebo. Bona ukuthi umphakeli uyabuza ngomsebenzi, imvelo, imodi yokwehluleka kwengxenye edlule. Lokho kuwuphawu lokuthi basebhizinisini lokuxazulula izinkinga, hhayi nje ukusika insimbi.
