Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'imboni ye-powder metallurgy', babona ngeso lengqondo inqubo eqondile yokucindezela-kanye-sint er—hlanganisa impushana, iyicindezele, iyishise, yenziwe. Leyo inguqulo yezincwadi zokufunda, futhi kuwukwenza lula okuyingozi okuholela ezingxenyeni eziningi ezingaphansi kanye nonjiniyela abakhungathekile. Iqiniso limbi kakhulu, licashile, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, lapho kwenzeka khona ubunjiniyela bangempela. Akukhona nje ukwenza umumo; kumayelana nokuphatha i-porosity, ukulawula imingcele yokusanhlamvu ngemva kwe-sintering, nokuqonda ukuthi ingxubevange iziphatha kanjani lapho iqala njengothuli. Ngibone amadizayini amaningi kakhulu ehluleka ngoba aphathe i-PM njengento eshibhile esikhundleni somshini, ishaya indiva izici zayo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezihlukile.
I-Alloy Conundrum kanye Namaqiniso Okuminyana
Masikhulume ngezinto zokwakha. Isithembiso sama-alloys akhethekile afana nalawo asekelwe ku-nickel noma asekelwe ku-cobalt efomini lempushana sikhulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokugqoka kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Kodwa igebe phakathi kwesithembiso nengxenye libanzi. Awukwazi ukuthatha i-alloy spec bese ulindela inguqulo yempushana ukuthi ishaye izinombolo ezifanayo. Impushana efakwe ngaphambili uma iqhathaniswa nomzila wengxube oyisiqalo iyinketho ebalulekile ebeka yonke into kusukela ekuzinzeni kohlangothi phakathi ne-sintering kuya emandleni okugcina okukhathala. Ngokuhlanganisa okuyisisekelo, ubheka ukuthi ukusabalalisa kuphelele ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokushisa—akuvamile ukuthi kube njalo, okuholela kuma-microstructures ahlukahlukene uma umjikelezo ungalungile.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ngqo nokuminyana. Ukuphokophela ukuminyana okucishe kugcwale ngokuvamile kusho ukudlulela ngale kwe-sintering evamile. Sikhuluma ngokubumba komjovo wensimbi (MIM) noma ukucindezela kwe-isostatic okushisayo (HIP). Kodwa isinyathelo ngasinye esikhuphukayo ngobuningi siza nokweqa kwezindleko kanye nezingqinamba zejometri. Isibonelo, i-HIP inhle kakhulu ekuqedeni i-porosity esele endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi i-powder metallurgy ingxenye, yisho i-turbine blade prototype, kodwa ayilona ikhambi-konke lokugijima okuklanywe kabi kwe-sintering. I-porosity kufanele ivalwe futhi ihlukaniswe ukuze i-HIP iphulukise ngempumelelo; i-porosity yendawo exhumene ngeke ilungiswe.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingokoqobo? Izinsimbi eziqinisa i-Sinter. Zikuvumela ukuthi uzuze amandla aphezulu uqonde ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo, udlule ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesibili. Kuzwakala kuphelele. Kodwa izinga lokupholisa ebhandeni lakho le-sintering liba ipharamitha yenqubo ebalulekile. Uhamba kancane kakhulu, futhi awukutholi ukuguqulwa kwe-martensitic; ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi usengozini yokuhlanekezelwa. Ngichithe amasonto ngilungisa ukugeleza kwegesi kanye nesivinini sebhande ukuze ngithole ingxenye elula ye-flange, ngathola ukuthi uguquko oluncane lwengxenye yesisindo olusuka ku-tweak yomklamo lulahle yonke into futhi. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa njalo.
Lapho U-PM Ehlangana Nemishini: Ukuxhawula Okungenakugwenywa
Cishe ayikho ingxenye ye-PM eyinkimbinkimbi enomumo wangempela. Ngisho namathuluzi angcono kakhulu nokulawula inqubo, uzodinga imisebenzi yesibili. Yilapho ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-a i-powder metallurgy uchwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe bemishini yokunemba uthola ukugxeka. Awukwazi ukwenza ingxenye ye-PM njengomshini ibhulokhi eyenziwe ngomshini. I-porosity eyinsalela iyi-abrasive edla amathuluzi okusika. Iphinde ibe nomthelela ekuqedeni kwendawo kanye namandla entambo.
Lena i-synergy engiyibone yenziwa kahle. Thatha inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngesizinda sabo esijulile sokutshala imali kanye nokwenza imishini ye-CNC, bathola ukuziphatha okubonakalayo. Uma ingxenye ye-PM, ithi umzimba wevalvu yensimbi engagqwali edinga imicu yembobo enembile, iphuma ku-sinter, bayazi ukuthi iphathwa kanjani. Bangaqonda ukuthi ukubhoboza endaweni ene-sintered kudinga ithuluzi elithile lejiyometri kanye nokuphakelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukudilika unqenqema. Akuwona nje umsebenzi wokwenza imishini; kuwukuqhubeka kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Umuzwa wabo ngama-alloys akhethekile ekusakazeni uhumusha umuzwa wokuphatha izinto ezifanayo ngendlela ene-sintered. Ungahlola indlela yabo esizeni sabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com-Inqubo yabo edidiyelwe ukusuka ekubunjweni kuye ekwenzeni imishini empeleni iyilokho okudingwa yizingxenye ezithuthukile ze-PM.
Ukwehluleka okubi kakhulu engikubonile kwakungesikhathi i-PM kanye nokwenza imishini kuthululwa. Umklami ucacise udonga oluncane eduze kwephakethe lomshini engxenyeni ye-PM eyinsimbi. Isitolo se-PM sikwenze kwacaca, kodwa udonga lwalunokuminyana okungama-85%. Umakhi wemishini, owayejwayele ukwenza insimbi eqinile, wathatha ukusika okujwayelekile. Udonga lwalunyakaza, ithuluzi laduma, futhi isakhiwo esinezimbotshana sadabuka ngokoqobo. Siyini isifundo? I-DFM (i-Design for Manufacture) ye-PM kufanele ifake iqhinga lomshini. Kwesinye isikhathi, kungcono ukwenza umshini wokukhulula ngaphambi kokucwilisa, noma ukucacisa ukuminyana kwendawo.
I-Tooling Trap kanye Nokubekezelelana Okuhle Okwanele
I-Tooling iyinhliziyo yokucindezela-futhi-sinter, futhi kuyindleko enkulu yangaphambili. Isilingo siwukuklama ingxenye enamazinga amaningi ukuze kwandiswe inqubo, igxilise kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezici. Kepha wonke amazinga, wonke ama-undercut, anyusa ubunkimbinkimbi bamathuluzi, ukuguga, kanye nengozi yokuminyana. Ngawela kulolu gibe kusenesikhathi. Sakhe igiya elikhazimulayo elinephrofayili ye-clutch ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe. Leli thuluzi laliyiphupho elibi, lalidinga izinti ezithambile eziwumgogodla ezigobile, okuholela ekugcwaliseni okungahambisani ku-clutch splines. Izingxenye kwakufanele ziphrinte kodwa zisebenze kabi ngenxa yalezo zinguquko zokuminyana.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukudlala okuhlakaniphile ukwenza i-PM preform elula, eqine kakhudlwana bese umshini izici eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuzwakala njengemvume, kodwa kuvame ukwethenjwa kakhulu futhi kungabizi kakhulu ngevolumu. Ukubekezelelana kungenye indawo yezifiso ezingafanele. Ukubamba u-±0.025mm kububanzi obuhlanganisiwe phakathi kwenqwaba kucela inkinga nokuhlolwa okungu-100%. Imboni inezigaba ezijwayelekile zokubekezelelana ngesizathu. Ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele usisebenzise nini Ikilasi X (ukunemba okuphezulu) ngokumelene Nekilasi Y, kanye nokuxhumana lokho nekhasimende, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi. Imayelana nokuphatha okulindelekile ngeqiniso lokuhlanganisa impushana nokuyibuka incipha futhi igoqeka esithandweni.
Futhi ukuncipha akukona umugqa. Ingahluka ngendlela ehlanganisayo (i-anisotropic), okuyiphupho elibi lezingxenye ezinde nezincane. Sake senza uchungechunge lwamaleveli e-actuator. Bahlangana ne-specs yobude nobubanzi ngemuva kokucwenga, kepha ukusonta (uhlobo lwe-warp) bekungahambisani. Imbangela? Ukushintshashintsha okuncane kobude bokugcwalisa impushana kudiyizi, okuguqule ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kokuminyana okuluhlaza. Ukuyixazulula kwakudinga ukuklanywa kabusha kwesistimu yezicathulo eziphakelayo, hhayi nje ukulungiswa kwesithando somlilo.
I-Green State: Lapho Konke Kunqunywa khona
Iqhawe elingaculwanga—noma i-sabuteur ethule—ye-PM iyingxenye eluhlaza. Leyo yinhlanganisela ecindezelwe-kodwa-engaphazanyiswa. Ubuqotho bayo yikho konke. I-hairline crack noma i-laminations evela ejection engafanele ngeke iphole ekuhlabeni; zizoba zimbi kakhulu. Ukuphatha izingxenye eziluhlaza kudinga ukuthinta okulula. Ngibone wonke amaphalethi ezingxenye encishisiwe abe imfucumfucu ngenxa yokuthi uchwepheshe omusha uwaphathe njengezikhala zomshini.
Amandla aluhlaza yimpahla oyicacisayo ngezibophezelo nezinto zokugcoba. Kodwa kuwukuhwebelana. I-lubricant eyengeziwe yenza kube lula ukukhishwa futhi ithuthukise ukufana kokuminyana, kodwa ishiya izinsalela eziningi zishile ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa, okungase kuthinte ukulawulwa kwekhabhoni ezinsimbini. Kuyinkinga yekhemikhali efihlwe njengeyomshini. Okwenkampani efana QSY, olwazi lwabo lwegobolondo nokufaka utshalomali lugxile ezintweni zesikhunta kanye nemijikelezo yokukhathala, lesi simo esishisayo kanye nesigaba sokubopha okushisayo kungaba indawo evamile. Izimiso zokuwohloka kokushisa okulawulwayo ziyahambisana, zisanda kufakwa ku-powder compact esikhundleni sephethini ye-wax.
Ukuhlola izingxenye eziluhlaza kuwubuciko. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezingabhubhisi. Ivamise ukufika ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo ngaphansi kokukhanya okuhle kanye nomuzwa wokuthi ingxenye kufanele ikhale kanjani uma ithintwe kancane. Iwubuchwepheshe obuphansi kodwa ibalulekile. Ingxenye eluhlaza enamaphutha yizicucu; uchitha amandla nje ukuze sinter it.
Sibheke Phambili: Akuyona Inqubo Yempahla
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke imboni ye-powder metallurgy kubhekwa njengento ethengiswayo. Uma kumayelana nokucindezela izingxenye zensimbi ezishibhile, lowo msebenzi uzogcina udlulele kumbhidi onezindleko eziphansi. Ikusasa lisezimpahleni ezithuthukisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokukhiqizwa okuxubile. Cabanga nge-PM njengenkundla yokuhlanganisa izinto. Ungakha izinhlanganisela—njenge-aluminium eqiniswe ngezinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide—okungenakwenzeka ukuba zincibilike. Noma izinto ezisezingeni elisebenzayo lapho ukwakheka kushintsha ngaphakathi kwengxenye.
Ukuhlanganiswa nokukhiqiza okungeziwe nakho kuyimigqa efiphalisayo. I-binder jetting yezinsimbi, emnyombweni wayo, a i-powder metallurgy inqubo. Izinselelo zokunciphisa, ukuhlanekezela, nokulawulwa kwesakhiwo esincane kukhona konke, kukhuliswa ukuminyana okuluhlaza okuvamise ukuphansi. Iwumndeni ofanayo wezinkinga, ngendlela ehlukile yokubumba. Kulapho ulwazi lwenqubo ejulile oluvela ku-PM wendabuko luba wusizo olukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, akuyona imboni yokushona kwelanga. Iyavela. Kodwa idinga uguquko ekubeni umphakeli nje oyingxenye iye ekubeni umxhumanisi wezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinto zokwakha. Kufanele uqondise idizayini, ube ngumnikazi walo lonke iketango kusukela kumpushana kuya engxenyeni eseyiqedile eyenziwe ngomshini, futhi uthembeke ngesihluku mayelana namakhono nemikhawulo yenqubo. Ngaleyo ndlela udlulela ngale kokuba isitolo sabezindaba futhi ube uzakwethu obalulekile kwezobunjiniyela. Izinkampani ezithola lokhu, lezo ezinomshini kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze zisekele inqubo ye-PM, yizo ezizoqhubeka iminyaka engama-30 ezayo.
