Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'izingxenye zensimbi ezibumba igobolondo,' babona isithombe sokubunjwa okubushelelezi, okucishe kufane nenetha, mhlawumbe umzimba wama-valve noma indawo yephampu, bese becabanga ukuthi umsebenzi usuwenziwe kakhulu. Lolo wugibe lokuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi, inqubo yegobolondo, nesihlabathi saso esinamekwe nge-resin, ikunikeza lokho kuzinza kwe-dimensional kanye nokuqeda okuhle, kodwa nge-cast iron-ikakhulukazi amamaki afana ne-ductile iron noma i-graphite ehlanganisiwe-kuwumshado wesikhunta kanye ne-metallurgy okubeka ngempela ukuthi ingxenye ibambelele yini. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngoba agxile kuphela ekunembeni kwesikhunta futhi akhohlwe ukuthi insimbi iyinto ephilayo ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Igobolondo aliphefumuli njengesikhunta sesihlabathi esiluhlaza; iqinile. Lowo mkhawulo uyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili.
Inqubo yeShell: Akuyona Nje Isikhunta Esihle
Asingene obishini. Isikhunta segobolondo ngokwaso sihle ngokombono womenzi wephethini. Uthola lawa mahhafu azacile, aqinile abambana ngokukhanya okuncane. Kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi anama-undercuts? Kuvame ukonga kakhulu kunokuzama ukuzuza okufanayo esihlabathini esiluhlaza. Kodwa nansi i-nuance wonke umuntu ayibhekayo: izakhiwo ezishisayo. Lelo gobolondo lenhlaka yenhlaka linezinga lokupholisa elihlukile kune-ayina ethelwa kulo. Ngensimbi empunga, ulawula ukwakheka kwe-graphite flake; ukushesha kakhulu ukupholisa esigabeni esibucayi kungakhuthaza ukuphola, okwenza isigaba sibe brittle lapho usidinga khona ukuze sikwazi ukusebenza ngaso. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yezikhala zegiya esizenzile—amaphrofayili amazinyo ayephelele esikhunjeni, kodwa isitolo somshini sakhononda ngokuguga kwamathuluzi. Kwavela ukuthi, ukubanda kwezimpande zamazinyo, okwakubangelwa ukushisa ngokushesha kwegobolondo kuleyo ndawo ezacile, kwakwenze ungqimba oluqinile, olune-carbic. Isikhunta sasilungile, i-spec yempahla yayilungile, kodwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo kudale inkinga.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Foundry kubonisa khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), namashumi eminyaka abo emdlalweni, ngabe bangene kulokhu. Ungathola indlela yabo yokubhekana nezinselele ezinjalo kuphothali yabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Akukhona ngokuba nefomula yomlingo; kumayelana nokuba nedatha yomlando yokulungisa ukwakheka kwesihlabathi segobolondo noma izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa lesikhunta ukuze kulungiswe lokho kupholisa. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuwumnyakazo ophikisayo, njengokusebenzisa igobolondo elijiyile kancane ukuze wehlise ijubane izinga lokupholisa lasekuqaleni ezindaweni ezithile.
Nesisindo. Kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi ukubumba igobolondo okwezingxenye ezincane kuphela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi iyaphumelela lapho, kodwa ngiyibonile isetshenziswa ngempumelelo izingxenye zensimbi kuze kufike ku-50-60 kg ububanzi. Umkhawulo akuvamisile ukuba nesisindo, kodwa izindleko zephethini kanye nokuthulula izinto. Ngokusebenza kwevolumu ephezulu yobakaki wenjini eyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zephethini zincishiswa ngokushesha. Okwesikhashana? Khohlwa. Ungcono uma ungabhaki noma ufakwe ngomshini ngokuqinile. Umnotho ulawula inqubo njengoba kwenza ubunjiniyela.
Izinketho Zezinto Ezibalulekile: Kungani I-ayina Futhi Kungani Ikhohlisa
Sikhuluma ngayo ukubunjwa kwegobolondo ngomqondo ojwayelekile, kodwa ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kushintsha yonke into. Izinto ezisohlwini ze-QSY—insimbi esansimbi, insimbi, insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys akhethekile—ngayinye icula iculo elihlukile ngenqubo yegobolondo. I-cast iron, ikakhulukazi i-ductile (i-SG iron), iyintandokazi ngesizathu. I-fluidity yayo yinhle kakhulu, igcwalisa kahle leyo migodi yegobolondo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukushwabana kuyalawuleka. Kodwa ukwelashwa kwe-noduzing (ukwengeza i-magnesium) kuwumsebenzi othatha isikhathi. Unefasitela ukuze uthole leyo nsimbi ehlanziwe kusuka ku-ladle uyifake esikhunjeni ngaphambi kokuba kuphele. Umugqa wokubumba wegobolondo udinga ukuvumelanisa nompompi wesithando somlilo. Ukulibaziseka kweminithi kungasho umehluko phakathi kwe-graphite eyindilinga namafomu awohlokayo, okubulala i-ductility.
I-iron empunga ithethelela kakhulu kulokho ngaphambili, kodwa-ke ulwa nokunwetshwa okuvela emvuleni ye-graphite ngesikhathi sokuqina. Isikhunta segobolondo esiqinile singasiza ngempela ukumelana nalokho kwandiswa, okuholela ekubunjweni okuminyene, okuqinile okunengozi encane yokuncipha kwe-porosity uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhunta sesihlabathi esiluhlaza esithelayo. Kodwa futhi, ibhalansi. Ukuzibamba kakhulu kungaholela ekudabukeni okushisayo. Kungumdanso wepharamitha: amakhemikhali ensimbi, izinga lokushisa elithelayo, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ye-hydraulic valve body eBangeni lama-300 yensimbi empunga. I-prototype evela esitolo esishintsha ngokushesha yayibukeka iyinhle, kodwa yehlulekile ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi. I-Porosity. Inkinga ilandelelwe emuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa elithelayo libe liphansi kakhulu kunogqinsi lwegobolondo abalusebenzisile. I-ayoni yaqala ukuqhwa ngaphambi kokuba yondle kahle izingxenye zokugcina ukuze ziqine. Sikhuphule ukushisa okuphezulu futhi sengeza izimbambo ezincane, zamasu ezibandayo kuphethini (eziba amaphakethe esibunjeni) ukuze siqondise ukuqina. Kuxazululiwe. Yilokhu kulungiswa kwamaminithi okuhlukanisa ukusakaza okusebenzisekayo nengxenye ethembekile. Lolu hlobo lokuxazulula izinkinga luwumgogodla walokho okunikezwa uchwepheshe osenesikhathi eside ekhona, njengoba kubonisiwe emlandweni wokusebenza wefemu efana ne-QSY, esiye yazulazula kulezi zingxoxo zenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.
Ukunemba Uhambo, Hhayi Ukuphiwa
'Ukusakaza okunembayo' yitemu elenziwa ngokukhululeka. Ngokubumba igobolondo, ukunemba kuvela ekubunjweni, kodwa ubukhulu bokugcina buwumphumela wokushwabana kwensimbi kulowo mgodi wokubumba. Impahla yephethini ibalulekile. Kufanele iphendule ngokushwabana kwensimbi (okuhluka phakathi kokumpunga kanye ne-ductile) kanye neqiniso lokuthi igobolondo ngokwalo liyakhula kancane lapho lishiswa. Umenzi wephethini omuhle wakha kumthetho wokufinyeza oqondene ngqo nezinto kanye nenqubo. Akuyona inombolo yencwadi; lisuselwa kokuhlangenwe nakho.
Bese kuba nokunyakaza kwangemuva kokusakazwa. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi. Inkimbinkimbi, enezindonga ezincane igobolondo lokubumba insimbi eyinsimbi ingxenye ingaphuma ku-shakeout inezingcindezi ezikhiyelwe ngaphakathi. Uma nje uyithumela iqonde emishinini ye-CNC, inganyakaza njengoba usika izinto, yonakalise ukubekezelelana. I-anneal efanelekile yokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umshini osindayo akunakuxoxiswana ngawo ngezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi nginezindlu ezinemiphetho. Sakha ngomshini isithukuthezi nobuso, yonke into ukuze siphrinte. Ngemva kwesonto kugcinwe, ukucaba kwe-flange kwakungasekho. Yayikhululekile. Manje, sakhela kulowo mjikelezo wokushisa wanoma yini ebukeka inokucindezeleka okuncane.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ngokuqondile nemodeli yesevisi ephelele. Inkampani enikeza kokubili ukusakaza kanye nasendlini CNC imishini, njengezinsizakalo ezichazwe ku-QSY, zinenzuzo enkulu. Balawula konke ukulandelana kusukela ekuqinisweni kuya engxenyeni eqediwe. Bazi kahle ukuthi ukulingisa kwabo kuziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwethuluzi futhi bangalungisa inqubo phezulu nomfula—mhlawumbe ushintsho oluncane endaweni ye-fillet ephethinini—ukwenza umsebenzi womshini ongezansi uzinze kakhudlwana. Isistimu ye-loop evaliwe ongayitholi lapho ukusakaza kanye nokwenza imishini kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwabathengisi abasolana ngokuphambuka.
Uma Kungalungile: Ukufunda Ku-Scrap
Ayikho ingxoxo eqotho ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngokwehluleka. Ukubumba kwegobolondo kuzwakala kuqinile kuze kube kungasebenzi. Imodi eyodwa yokwehluleka yakudala 'ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo' phakathi nokuthela. Uthola isikhunta esihle, kodwa uma isistimu yokugenca ingaklanywanga ngendlela efanele—uma insimbi ishaya ingxenye encane yegobolondo ngokuqondile noma ishisa kakhulu—ingakwazi ukuqhekeka isikhunta, okuholela ekuphumeni noma emaphikweni. Okucashile nakakhulu 'ukungena kwensimbi.' I-ayoni, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yekhanda le-metallostatic, ingangena ohlamvini lwesihlabathi uma indawo yegobolondo ingagxiliwe ngokwanele. Ugcina unephepha elimahhadlahhadla, elifana nengilazi elingenakuqhathaniswa. Ukulungiswa kuvame ukuba kungxube yesihlabathi: ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wokusanhlamvu, okuqukethwe kwe-resin, nesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwegobolondo.
Okunye okucashile ukonakala kwegesi. Isikhunta segobolondo sigcwele ama-volatiles avela ku-resin. Uma ukuphumela ngaphandle kunganele (lezo zikhonkwane ezincane ezisetshenziselwa ukudala izikhala kuphethini zibalulekile), noma uma ukuthela kunesiyaluyalu kakhulu, igesi iyavaleleka. Ibonakala njengezimbotshana ezicwebezelayo, eziyindilinga ngaphansi nje kobuso. Ungase ungayiboni uze uyifake ngomshini. Sake saba nenqwaba yezinsimbi ze-ductile iron ngalolu daba. Imbangela? Iqoqo elisha le-resin elinesici sokwelapha esihluke kancane. Amagobolondo ayengenzima kangako lapho eya emgqeni wokuthulula. Isifundo sasiwukuba nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwezinto ezingenayo kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwegobolondo lesihloko sokuqala.
Lezi akuzona izinkinga zethiyori. Ziyizinto ezingokoqobo zansuku zonke ze-Foundry floor. Ubude bomsebenzi buphakamisa ukuthi bakhe amasistimu ukuze abambe lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi. Isikhathi seminyaka engama-30 esishiwo nge-QSY akuwona nje umugqa wokumaketha; yibhuku lokungena lezinkulungwane zokulungiswa okunjalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, okungenzeka ukuthi kushunyekiwe ezinqubweni zabo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile manje.
I-Real-World Fit kanye ne-CNC Handoff
Ngakho lapho igobolondo lokubumba insimbi eyinsimbi akhanye ngempela? Owezingxenye ezidinga leyo nhlanganisela yobunkimbinkimbi, ivolomu ehloniphekile, kanye nokunemba kobukhulu be-cast. Cabanga ngezindlu ze-turbo zezimoto, ama-hydraulic manifolds, ama-pump casings athile, nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isiphetho sihle ngokwanele ukuthi ezindaweni ezingezona ezozimonyo, ungadinga nje ukuqhuma okuncane, wonge ezindlekweni zomshini.
Kodwa ake sicace: cishe njalo kuyinqubo yangaphambi komshini. Inani langempela liyabonakala kumshini wokukhanda. Ukulingisa okubunjwe kahle okubunjwe ngegobolondo kufanele kuhlale ku-vise ye-CNC noma endaweni enokuntengantenga okuncane, enokuqina kodonga okungaguquki, kanye nezindawo ze-datum ezisakazwa ngokuthembekile. Lokhu kubikezelwa yilokho okukhokhelwa yizitolo zemishini. Yehlisa isikhathi sabo sokusetha kanye nengozi yokuphuka kwamathuluzi. Lokhu ukusebenzisana phakathi kokusakaza nokwenza imishini umhlinzeki ohlanganiswe ngokuqondile awufinyelelayo. Ungabona leli khono elihlanganisiwe elifakwe kuhlaka njengomnikelo oyinhloko tsngtaocnc.com, egqamisa uhambo olusuka esikhunjeni ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe.
Ekugcineni, ukucacisa ukubumba igobolondo lensimbi ewukhonkolo akukhona nje ukubeka uphawu ebhokisini emdwebeni. Ikhetha indlela ethile enezingibe nezinzuzo ezithile. Idinga umphakeli oyiqondayo indlela hhayi nje njengomsebenzi wokwenza isikhunta, kodwa njengomcimbi we-metallurgical. Indawo ebushelelezi iyindawo yokuqala; yonke into eyenzekayo kusukela esitolo sephethini kuya ku-shakeout, futhi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nombhede we-CNC, ichaza ukuthi lokho kusakaza okucwebezelayo kuba yingxenye ethembekile noma isisindo sephepha esibizayo. Inqubo inokujula, futhi lokho kujula yilapho ubunjiniyela bangempela-kanye nokonga kwezindleko zangempela noma okweqile-kwenzeka.
