Izingxenye zezimboni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu azihluleki ekwakhiweni okubi—ziyahluleka lapho ukuziphatha okubonakalayo, ukulawulwa kobukhulu, nezindlela zokulayisha ezisebenzayo zingahambi kahle. Kungakho ama-OEM aholayo ama-hydraulic system, izihlanganisi zemishini yenkundla kawoyela, kanye nabakhiqizi bephampu enemba beya ngokuya bedlula ukubumba okujwayelekile noma ukwenziwa kwemishini yesitoko. i-powder metallurgy steel factory izixazululo—ikakhulukazi lapho izingxenye zidinga>1200 MPa amandla okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqoka ku-500°C, noma i-zero porosity ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu.
Sizibonele mathupha: umakhi wephampu waseYurophu washintsha izindlu zesilinda esakhiwe ngesihlabathi ngensimbi engagqwali ecutshungulwe ngu-PM engu-4605—futhi wasika ukwehluleka kwenkundla ngo-73% ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Kungani? Hhayi ngoba i-powder metallurgy "intsha," kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iletha ukufana kwe-microstructural ayikho inqubo esekelwe ku-ingot engamesha. Imingcele yokusanhlamvu ihlala ilungile futhi isotropic. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Carbide kuhlala kulawulwa. Futhi ukuncipha? Ibikezelwa phakathi kuka-±0.02 mm—ngisho nasezindlini ezingu-320-mm-diameter ezinamashaneli okupholisa angaphakathi kanye nokuqedwa kwe-Ra engu-0.8-µm.
Lelo zinga lokungaguquguquki lidinga okungaphezu nje kwesithando somlilo sokunyathelisa kanye ne-sinter. Kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuzo zonke izendlalelo ezintathu ezingaxoxiswana: ukutholakala kwempushana eluhlaza okuqinisekisiwe, ukulawulwa kwenqubo ye-thermal-mechanical evaliwe, nokuqinisekiswa okusekelwe ku-metrology-hhayi nje ekuhlolweni kokugcina, kodwa kuzo zonke izigaba kusukela kumephu yokuminyana okuluhlaza kuya ku-HIP ngemva kokwelashwa. Kwa-QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., lokhu akulona itiyori. Indawo yabo ethobela i-ISO e-Qingdao isebenzisa umjikelezo ogcwele wokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-PM—kusuka kumpushana owenziwe ngegesi-atomized pre-alloyed (isb., PH13-8Mo, Custom 465®, kanye namahybrids ensimbi ye-cobalt ahambisana ne-AMS 5387) ngokusebenzisa ukuhlangana okufudumele, ukucindezela kwe-vacuum sintering kanye ne-conducting eyodwa—uhambo olushisayo lwe-NCHI uphahla.
Nakhu okuhlukanisa indlela yabo yokusebenzisana nezitolo ezijwayelekile “ezinekhono le-PM”:
- Ukulandeleka kwezinto kuqala ngaphambi kokuthi impushana ingene ku-hopper: Iqoqo ngalinye liphethe i-CoA egcwele enokuhlaziywa kwe-OES + LECO, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-SEM/EDS kokuqukethwe kwe-oxide nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana (kufakwe ku-D10/D50/D90 nge-ASTM B822 ngayinye).
- Ubuqotho bengxenye eluhlaza kuyalinganiswa—akucatshangwa: Ukuskena kwe-CT okusemgqeni kuqinisekisa ukuminyana ngaphambi kokucwenga; ukuchezuka >±0.05 g/cm³ kucupha ukulungiswa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo, hhayi ukusebenza kabusha mathupha.
- I-Sinter-HIP ayilandelani—iyasebenzisana: Isithando somlilo sabo esinamakamelo amabili sisebenzisa ukucindezela kwengxenye ye-nitrogen elawulwayo ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa, bese sishintshela ngqo ku-argon HIP ku-1150°C/150 MPa—kuqeda ubungozi be-oxidation futhi sivumele ukuminyana okuseduze (99.8% TD) kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi njengama-valve anezimbobo eziningi.
- Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional kuyakhiwa—akunxeshezelwa: Basebenzisa i-annealing eqeda ukucindezeleka *ngemuva* kwe-HIP kodwa *ngaphambi* kokuqeda ukukhanda, kusetshenziswa amaphrofayili ezinga lokushisa lesikhathi aqinisekiswe ngokumelene nemephu yokucindezeleka eyinsalela (XRD + umgodi wokubhoboza). Umphumela: Ikhasi le-warpage lihlala ngaphansi kuka-0.015 mm emikhonweni ye-piston engu-200-mm-ubude—ngisho nangemva kokugaya okungu-3 kwe-axis yokuvala izimbobo nezimbobo ze-radial.
Abanye bangase baphikise ngokuthi insimbi ye-PM ibiza kakhulu ngaphambili kunokutshala imali. Kodwa lapho silandelela izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi bezindlu ze-Tier-1 hydraulic valve housing (ASTM F2997 Grade 3), umzila we-PM ulethe izindleko eziphansi zesikhathi sempilo engu-22%—hhayi ezintweni ezishibhile, kodwa ezilahliwe ezisusiwe (isivuno sokusakaza: 68%; isivuno se-PM: 94%), ukusebenza kwesibili okuncishisiwe (akukho ukususwa kwesango, akukho ukunwetshwa kwempilo yesevisi ye-MTB, akukho 00 yokulungisa i-MTB) Amahora ayi-14,600 kumarigi okuhlola amabhayisikili aphezulu).
Ibhodlela langempela akubona ubuchwepheshe-ukusebenza kahle kwesicelo. Sisathola izingcingo masonto onke ezivela konjiniyela bebuza: "Ingabe u-PM angakwazi ukusingatha umfutho wethu wamabha angu-1200?" noma “Ingabe i-T800-based PM izogcina ubulukhuni ngemuva kwe-nitriding?” Impendulo incike kancane kumpushana nokuningi ekutheni lonke iketango-kusuka ekukhethweni kwe-powder morphology kuya ku-HIP remp rate-lihambisana kangakanani nemvilophu yakho esebenzayo. Isibonelo: izimpushana eziyindilinga zinikeza ukuminyana okungcono kohlaza kodwa ukugeleza okumpofu ezingxenyeni ezinezindonga ezincane; izinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile zithuthukisa ukugcwalisa kodwa zikhuphule izingozi zamandla okukhipha. Alikho i-universal spec sheet. Kukhona imephu yenqubo eqaphela umongo kuphela.
Kungakho i-QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN ishumeka ama-metallurgists—hhayi nje abathengisi abathengisayo—ekubuyekezweni kobunjiniyela besigaba sokuqala. Bazohlaba umkhosi ukungqubuzana kwe-GD&T ngaphambi kokuqala kwamathuluzi (isb., ukucacisa ukubekezelelwa kwephrofayela endaweni ene-sintered esikhundleni sama-callouts esikhundla athatha ukuzinza kwedatha yomshini). Bazoncoma ukulandelana kokwelashwa kokushisa okufakazelwe kokulinganayo kwe-AMS 5387—hhayi imijikelezo “yensimbi engagqwali” ejwayelekile. Futhi bazokwabelana ngemibiko ye-CMM eluhlaza, amalogi e-HIP, nezithombe ze-metallography—hhayi nje ukudlula/ukuhluleka kwezitembu.
Uma ubheka phambili, uguquko oluqine kakhulu alubhekiseli kumpushana ocolekile noma izingcindezi eziphakeme—kuya kubuhlakani bokukhiqiza obuxubile. Cabanga: ama-sintered cores anezindawo ezivalwa ngomshini, izindlu ezilashwe nge-HIP ezinamageji ohlobo olushumekiwe, noma amabhilidi enziwe nge-PM enza ukulingisa okuqondile okuqondile ngaphambi kokushaywa kokucindezela kokuqala. Lena akuyona imiqondo ye-R&D. Amaphrojekthi abukhoma asebenza namuhla ezikhungweni ezifana ne-QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN’s—lapho amandla efekthri ye-powder metallurgy steel ahlangabezana nesiyalo sokusebenza kwemishini, hhayi njengezinsizakalo ezihlukene, kodwa njengomphumela owodwa owenziwe ngobunjiniyela.
Uma i-valve yakho elandelayo yokucindezela okuphezulu, i-winch shaft, noma indlu yepompo kufanele ilethe ukusebenza okuphindaphindayo—hhayi nje ukuhlangabezana nomdwebo—awukhethi umphakeli. Ukhetha uzakwethu wenqubo okuqina kwakhe kwensimbi kufana nephrofayili yakho yokusebenza engcupheni. Lokho kuqala ngokubuza imibuzo efanele-hhayi mayelana nenani ngekhilogremu, kodwa mayelana nokuphindaphinda kokuminyana okuluhlaza, amarekhodi okuqinisekisa umjikelezo we-HIP, kanye nendlela aphatha ngayo okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ngaphandle kwe-spec ku-powder engenayo inkatho. Ngoba ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zenhloso, umkhawulo wephutha uhlala ku-microstructure-hhayi incwajana yokumaketha.
