Uma uzwa 'ukusakazwa okunembayo kwemishini yezokwelapha', isithombe esisheshayo ngokuvamile singenasici, izingxenye eziyinyumba eziphuma emugqeni wokukhiqiza ohlanzekile. Leso isicwebezelisi sokumaketha. Iqiniso, lapho ngime khona iminyaka, umdanso onzima phakathi kwe-metallurgy, i-geometry, kanye nezidingo ezingathetheleli zomzimba womuntu. Umbono oyiphutha ovamile ukuthi kumayelana nokwenza izinto zibe zincane futhi zicwebezele. Akunjalo. Kumayelana nokusebenza okubikezelwayo endaweni lapho ukwehluleka kungeyona inketho, nalapho ukukhetha phakathi, ake sithi, ingxubevange ye-cobalt-chromium kanye nebanga elithile lensimbi engagqwali yokuhlinzwa kungancika kwijika lempilo yokukhathala eliziveza kuphela ngemva kwezinyanga zokuhlolwa. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi lokho kubukeka kanjani phansi esitolo.
Indaba ingumlayezo
Uqala nge-alloy. Njalo. Ukukhetha okokusebenza kwethuluzi lokuhlinza noma okokufakelwa akufani nokukhetha isitoko sobakaki. Kukhona i-biocompatibility, impela, kodwa lelo yithikithi nje lomdlalo. Umsebenzi wangempela usendleleni eziphatha ngayo ngesikhathi nangemuva kwayo ukunemba kokulingisa. Thatha i-316LVM engenasici. Ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu, okusetshenziswa kabanzi. Kepha izici zayo zokugeleza ngesikhathi sokutshala imali zihlukile, ake sithi, ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt efana ne-CoCrMo. Lesi sakamuva sinendawo ephakeme yokuncibilika kanye nokuziphatha okuhlukile kokushwabana. Uma usebenzisa isikhunta segobolondo esifanayo futhi uthela amapharamitha kukho kokubili, ucela inkinga—i-porosity yangaphakathi kwelinye, izinyembezi ezishisayo kwenye. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ekhubeka lapha, ethatha inqubo elingana nosayizi owodwa.
Kulapho-ke ukujwayelana kwezinto zesikhathi eside kubalulekile. Isitolo esisingatha izinkulungwane zokushisisa kwama-alloys ahlukene ebanga lezokwelapha sithuthukisa uhlobo lolwazi oluyimfihlo. Bayazi ukuthi ingxubevange ethile esekwe ku-nickel ingase ithambekele ekuncipheni kancane ezinguqukweni ezithile zokuqina kodonga, okuthile ukulingisa okujwayelekile okungase kuphuthelwe. Akukhona nje ngokuba nesitifiketi; kumayelana nokuba nenkumbulo ku-Foundry. Izinkampani ezike zabhekana nakho, njengazo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kanye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekulingeni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, baye bathela lezi zinto ngokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe. Lowo mlando uhumusha ngokuqondile kuma-athikili okuqala ambalwa ahlulekile.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa kungenye indawo yezimayini. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi, ukwelashwa kwesixazululo, ukuguga—konke kubalulekile ekuzuzeni izici zokugcina zokulungisa. Yenza umjikelezo ungalungile, futhi ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ingxenye noma uchithe ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Ngikhumbula icala ngepuleti lokuhlukumezeka lapho umjikelezo wokuguga onamandla ngokweqile uholele ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekuhlolweni okufanisiwe. Umlandu? Kucatshangwa ukuthi iresiphi ye-alloy efanayo izosebenza. Kuthathe ukubuyekezwa okuhlanganyelwe ne-metallurgist kanye nesinyathelo sokubuyela emuva kumdwebo wokuguqulwa kwe-isothermal wealloy ukuze kulungiswe.
Umdlalo Weshell: Ngaphezu Kwesikhunta Nje
Ukutshala imali, noma ukubunjwa kwegobolondo, kuyinhliziyo yalokhu. Inqubo yephethini ye-wax intekenteke, kodwa isakhiwo segobolondo yilapho ubuciko buhlangana khona nesayensi. Idiphu ngayinye ye-slurry, isihlabathi ngasinye se-stucco, yakha igobolondo le-ceramic okumele limelane nokushaqeka okushisayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyilapho igcina ubuqotho bobukhulu. Ugqinsi alufani; ungase ulakhe libe lijiyile eduze nezingxenye ezinkulu ukuze ulawule ukupholisa. Ngichithe amahora amaningi nonjiniyela bezinqubo bephikisana ngokubonakala kwejazi eliwudaka oluyinhloko—lizacile kakhulu, futhi uthola isiphetho esibi; aminyene kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yokubamba umoya noma ubangele ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo ngesikhathi ukhishwa ngewaxing.
Ukuzikhipha ngewaxisi kuyisinyathelo esinobudlova. Uncibilika ngokushesha noma ukhiphe ingcina ngaphakathi kwalelo goli elintekenteke. Yenza okungalungile, futhi igobolondo liqhekeka ekucindezelekeni okushisayo, linikeze ukungabi nalutho. Ama-autoclave esimanje ayasiza, kodwa usadinga ukudayela ingcindezi namazinga erempu okushisa ukuze uthole inhlanganisela ethile ye-wax nogqinsi lwegobolondo. Kuyisinyathelo esizwakala njengokuqhuma okulawulwayo kunenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Igobolondo lokugcina, ngemva kokudubula okunokushisa okuphezulu, yilo lesakhiwo esintekenteke ngendlela emangalisayo, esinezimbotshana, kodwa esiqinile. Ukuthela insimbi kuyo yisikhathi seqiniso. Idizayini yesistimu yesango—evame ukunganakwa abaklami abagxile engxenyeni kuphela—ibalulekile. Akuwona nje umzila wensimbi; iwuhlelo lokuphatha kanye nokudla okushisayo. Isango eliklanywe kabi lingabangela isiyaluyalu (okuholela ekufakweni) noma lehluleke ukuphakela ukuncipha endaweni yokugcina ukuze liqine. Sake saba nengxenye ye-orthopedic eyinkimbinkimbi ehlala ikhombisa ukuncipha kwe-porosity ekhoneni langaphakathi elifihliwe. Ukudizayina kabusha isango nokwengeza isikhuphukeli esibalulekile kukuxazululile, kodwa kwakudinga ukuhlukaniswa okuningana kokulingwa ukuze kuxilongwe.
Ukunemba Uhambo, Hhayi Isifinyezo
Ukubekezelela ekulingiseni idivayisi yezokwelapha kuqinile, ngokuvamile kuma-microns ngezici ezibalulekile. Kodwa ukubekezelelana kwe-as-cast kuyinganekwane. Konke ukulingisa kuzoba nokuhluka okuthile. Ikhono langempela lisekulawuleni lokho kuhluka ngendlela ebikezelwayo kanye nokwazi ukuthi yini ezohlanzwa emishinini elandelayo ye-CNC. Yingakho izikhungo ezididiyelwe ezihlanganisa ukulingisa kanye CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengokusetha kwe-QSY, kunenzuzo ehlukile. Omashini nonjiniyela bemishini bangakhuluma. Banganquma, ngokwesibonelo, ukushiya ingxenye yemilimitha yesitoko eyengeziwe endaweni okunzima ukuyisakaza ngoba kulula futhi kuthembeke kakhulu ukuyifaka kusayizi wokugcina kunokujaha indawo ekahle yokulingisa.
Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala uwumbhalo obaluleke kakhulu. Akulona ishidi lokudlula/lokufeyila. Imephu yekhono lenqubo. Ufuna amaphethini ekuphambukeni. Ingabe zonke izilinganiso zikohlangothi olulodwa lwegama? Lokho kungase kubonise ukushintsha kwesikhunta okungaguquki. Ingabe ukugedla kobuso kuphakeme ezindaweni ezibheke phezulu? Lokho kungaba inkinga yokufakwa kwe-slag noma i-oxide. Le datha ibuyisela ngqo ekulungiseni inqubo. Kuyaphindaphinda, kwesinye isikhathi kuyakhungathekisa.
Bese kuba khona ukuhlanza. Ngemuva kwe-shakeout, unengxenye ehlanganiswe namasango e-ceramic kanye nendawo emangelengele. Ukususwa kwe-ceramic, ukususwa kwe-ceramic (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukuqhuma okunamandla noma ukucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali), kanye nokudluliswa kwezingxenye ezingenasici yilapho okushiyeka khona okuningi kwethulwa uma kungalawulwa ngokucophelela. Ukuqhuma okunolaka ngokweqile kungasebenza-lukhuni futhi kugcobe indawo engaphezulu, kufice i-porosity engaphansi komhlaba okuthi kamuva ibe indawo yokuqala ukuqhekeka. Kuyisinyathelo esidinga inhlawulo eningi njengokuthululwa.
Uma Kungalungile: Izikhathi Zokufunda
Ukwehluleka kungothisha abahamba phambili, inqobo nje uma uvunyelwe ukuphumela obala ngakho. Enye iphrojekthi yokuqala yayihilela ingxenye yesikere ye-laparoscopic, ingxenye encane, eyinkimbinkimbi. I-prototypes yayibukeka iphelele, yadlula ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwempilo, imbobo ye-pivot iyanwebeka, ibangele ukudlala. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka akukhombanga iphutha lokulingisa, kodwa emandleni esivuno sento. Sasicacise isimo esijwayelekile esingu-17-4PH, kodwa kuleyo geometry ethile nokulayisha, idinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile kokushisa ukuze kuzuzwe ubulukhuni obuphezulu. I ukunemba kokulingisa bekungenasici, kodwa imininingwane yohlelo lokusebenza yayingalungile. Kwakuyisifundo esinonya ekucabangeni kwezinhlelo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, sabhekana nokujiya kodonga okungaguquki ku-cannula enezindonga ezincane. Umjovo we-wax wawulungile, igobolondo lalibukeka lihle. Inkinga ilandelelwe emuva esihlahleni sokuhlanganisa iphethini ye-wax. I-engeli lapho le ngxenye ethile yayinamathiselwe khona ku-sprue emaphakathi yayibangela ukugeleza kwegobolondo elingalingani ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa, okuholela ejazini le-ceramic elincanyana ngakolunye uhlangothi, elihunyushwa odongeni lwensimbi olushubile. Ukuphenduka kancane kwengxenye esihlahleni kwayilungisa. Lezi izinhlobo zemizuzu, ukusebenzelana kwenqubo okungacacile okufunda kuphela ngokuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Lokhu okwenziwayo kugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi ongumakadebona kungekona nje ukukhipha umdwebo ngaphandle. Imayelana nokungena kulelo chibi lokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwenkampani, njengokusebenza kwe-QSY yeminyaka engama-30, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ike yahlangabezana futhi yaxazulula lezi zinkinga ezingacacile ngaphambilini, kongela isikhathi nezindleko zokuphinda uzithole.
Ikusasa Alilona Nje Ukungezelela
Kunokuningi kwe-buzz ezungeze ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwamadivayisi wezokwelapha, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephakathi kuya phezulu kwezingxenye ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi, zensimbi, ukutshala imali ihlala inzima kakhulu ukuyihlula ngokwezindleko zokusebenza. Ukuqedwa kwendawo, ubuqotho be-metallurgical, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezivela kunqubo yokulingisa eqhutshwa kahle zisangcono kakhulu ezifakelweni eziningi ezithwala imithwalo namathuluzi. Ikusasa, ngicabanga, liku-hybridization. Ukusebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ukuze udale amaphethini we-wax angenakwenzeka noma ngisho namagobolondo e-ceramic aqondile we-prototyping noma i-ultra-complex one-offs, bese usebenzisa inqubo yokunemba emisiwe, eyonyukayo, nengabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza.
Intambo yedijithali nayo iyaqina. Isofthiwe yokulingisa yokugcwalisa isikhunta nokuqinisa iya iba ngcono, kodwa isengumhlahlandlela, hhayi i-oracle. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelela kakhulu engikubonile ukuqhathanisa ukubikezela kokulingisa nedatha yangempela ye-athikili yokuqala kanye namamephu we-porosity kusuka ekuhlolweni kwe-X-ray. Ilinganisa imodeli nezimo ezithile zesitezi sesitolo sakho—ingxubevange yakho encibilikayo, izakhiwo zegobolondo lakho—yilapho inani langempela likhona. Yehlisa imijikelezo yokuphindaphinda.
Ngakho, lokho kusishiyaphi? Ukusakaza okunembayo kwamadivayisi wezokwelapha kuwubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, kodwa kukude nokuma. Kuwumsebenzi wezandla ojulile, oqhutshwa imininingwane nokufunda okunobuhlakani. Umgomo awukona ukulingisa okuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi—lokho akunakwenzeka. Umgomo inqubo ebikezelwayo lapho uqonda khona izindlela zokuhluleka, ulawule imingcele ebalulekile, futhi ube nekhono lokuxilonga nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Yilokho okuhlukanisa ingxenye ebukeka iyinhle eshidini elithile naleyo esebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphakathi kumuntu.
