Uma uzwa 'umkhiqizi wezingxenye zokusakaza ezinembayo', izingqondo eziningi zigxumela ziqonde ekubekezeleni nasezitifiketini zezinto ezibonakalayo. Yilokho okuyisisekelo, ithikithi lomdlalo. Indaba yangempela, leyo ehlukanisa umphakeli osebenzayo nozakwethu weqiniso, yenzeka ezindaweni ezimpunga phakathi kwalezo zinombolo—ekuchazweni kwenothi lomdwebo, ukuphathwa kokungaqondakali kwedizayini, noma isinqumo sokushayela iklayenti ngo-2 AM ngenxa yokuthi inqwaba yesithando somlilo ibukeke ingaphandle kombala. Akukhona nje ukwenza ingxenye; kumayelana nokuqonda ingcindezi engashiwongo ezoba nayo.
Umdlalo Weshell: Ngaphezu Kwesikhunta Nje
Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta se-Shell kumiswa njengendawo ephakathi engabizi kakhulu, futhi kunjalo, kodwa lokho kuthengisa kancane kancane. Ingxube yesihlabathi se-silica ne-resin—'igobolondo'—ukuvumelana kwayo yonke into. I-brittle kakhulu, futhi uthola okufakiwe noma imifantu yesikhunta ngesikhathi sokuthulula. Iguquguquka kakhulu, futhi ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kuphuma ngefasitela. Sifunde lokhu kusenesikhathi ngenqwaba yezindlu zamaphampu zeklayenti. Izingxenye ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuqala kobukhulu kodwa zehlulekile ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi endaweni yeklayenti. Umlandu? Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okuncanyana kusistimu yomgijimi esingazange siyiphendule, okuguqule ukugeleza kwamandla okwanele ukuze kudale isiyaluyalu kanye ne-porosity ezigabeni ezibalulekile. Ishidi elicacisiwe lathi 'i-shell mold casting,' kodwa ukwehluleka kuthe asikuqondi ukuguquguquka koketshezi lwenqubo yethu yaleyo geometry ethile.
Yilapho ifika khona iminyaka engama-30, njengasendaweni efana nale I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Leso sikhundla asiyona nje inombolo; iwumtapo walokhu kuhluleka okuncane kanye nokulungiswa. Kusho ukuthi kungenzeka babonile ukuthi kwenzekani kuleyo ngxube yegobolondo kumswakama ophezulu uma iqhathaniswa nesimo sezulu esomile, futhi balungise imijikelezo yokushisa kwangaphambili ngokufanele. Ulwazi lwezizwe olungafiki ebhushaneni lokuthengisa.
Ukutshala imali, noma i-wax elahlekile, enye insika. Ukuheha kuyinkimbinkimbi yesimo se-net-net, kodwa umgibe uthatha ukuthi zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyalingana. I-flange elincanyana, elinwetshiwe kanye nehabhu eliminyene, eliyisicucu engxenyeni efanayo izophola ngamanani ahluke kakhulu. Ungaba nomjovo we-wax ophelele kanye negobolondo le-ceramic elihlanzekile, kodwa uma ukulingisa kokuqinisa kuvaliwe noma kuzitshiwe, uyagembula. Sake sathela iqoqo elihle lama-impellers ensimbi engagqwali, kodwa sathola ukuqhekeka komugqa wezinwele kuma-blades ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. Ukucindezeleka kwakuvalelwe ngesikhathi sokupholisa; isixazululo kwakungeyona ingcina engcono, kodwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesistimu yokugenca ukuze kulawulwe ama-gradients ashisayo, into eyayidinga ukuhlala phansi nonjiniyela weklayenti nokusheshisa ukuyekethisa.
I-Material Maze: Ama-alloys awadalwanga alinganayo
Insimbi engagqwali. Kuzwakala kuqondile. Kodwa i-304L iqhathaniswa ne-316L yesicelo sasolwandle? Ucingo olusobala lolo. Ubumnandi bangempela buqala 'ngama-alloys akhethekile'—asekelwe ku-nickel nasekelwe ku-cobalt. Lezi zivame ukucaciswa ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu: ukushisa okuphezulu, ukugqwala, ukuguga. Okubambekayo ukuthi, ukuziphatha kwabo ngesikhathi sokulingisa akuyona into evamile. Anamaphuzu aphezulu okuncibilika, izici ezihlukene zokushwabana, futhi angazwela ukulandelela izakhi.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ehilela ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt yepuleti lokugqoka. I-chemistry yayizocacisa, imishini ihlolwe kahle kumakhuphoni. Kodwa ensimini, ingxenye yagqoka ngokungalingani. Ngemuva kokucubungula okuningi kwekhanda nokuhlaziywa kwe-metallurgical, kwavela ukuthi inkinga kwakuwukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide. Izinga lokupholisa esilisebenzisile, ebelingajwayelekile lensimbi yamathuluzi, belingafanele ukuphromotha umfaniswano, inethiwekhi ecolekile ye-carbide kule ngxube ye-cobalt. Kudingeke ukuthi sakhe iphrothokholi yokupholisa eyenzelwe wena, cishe uhlobo lokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa, ukuze silungise i-microstructure. Umdwebo weklayenti usanda kusho ingxubevange ye-Co-Cr-W, ASTM XXXX. Iqiniso lokukhiqiza kwakuyisivivinyo sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yamasonto amabili.
Kulapho okubalulekile khona uhlu lozalo lomkhiqizi. Isitolo esisho ngokungananazi ukuthi yebo, senza ama-nickel alloys sihlukile kuleso esinikeze amalayini wesithando somlilo kanye nokusethwa kwe-thermocouple kubo, ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa okuphambene. Kusemininingwaneni yabo CNC imishini inqubo, futhi. Ukwenza uhlaka oluqinile lwensimbi engagqwali kuyinto eyodwa; ukusika ingxube ye-nickel eqinisa imvula kudinga amathuluzi ahlukene wejiyometri, okuphakelayo, kanye nesivinini ukuze kugwenywe ukwenza umsebenzi ube lukhuni endaweni engenakuqhathaniswa.
I-CNC: Lapho Ukulingisa Kuhlangana Khona Umhlaba
Lesi yisigaba sokwenza noma sekhefu. Ungakwazi ukuthela ukusakaza okuhle, kodwa uma umshini ungahlanganisiwe ekuhleleni kusukela ekuqaleni, ucwile. Imayelana nokukhethwa kwedatha, isibonelelo sesitoko, nokuqonda 'ubuntu' bokulingisa.
Ugibe ovamile ukuphatha ukulingisa njengebhulokhi efanayo yesitoko. Akunjalo. Kungase kube ne-porosity encane ngaphansi kwesikhumba endaweni eyodwa, noma iphethini yokucindezeleka eyinsalela evela ekupholiseni. Ukusika okuqinile, okunolaka kokuqala endaweni engafanele kungahlanekezela ingxenye noma kudabule impahla. Sakhe ngomshini umzimba omkhulu we-valve kanye, i-ductile iron casting. Ukuhlinzwa kokuqala kwakuwukubhekana ne-flange ekhuphukayo. Ngokushesha nje lapho sikhulula ukucindezela kokucindezela, ingxenye yakhothama. Ukukhululeka kwengcindezi ekususeni leso sikhumba esingaphezulu kwavumela ukucindezelwa kokusakaza okucashile ukuthi kusabalale kabusha. Kwadingeka ukuthi siphinde silandelele imisebenzi, sithatha ukusikeka okulula, ukulinganisa ukuze kancane kancane silethe ingxenye ekuzinzeni.
Ngenkonzo egcwele ukunemba Casting izingxenye umenzi, ukukhanda akuyona inkinga kasonkontileka omncane; kuwukuqhubeka kwenqubo yokulingisa. Kwa-QSY, ngokwesibonelo, ukuba nakho kokubili ukulingisa kanye CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa akukona nje okokuthutha. Kusho ukuthi ithimba elisebenza ngomshini liyawazi ukuncipha okuvamile kokusakazwa kwezimali zalo ezitshaliwe, noma izindawo okungenzeka ziqinile kuzingcezu zesikhunta samagobolondo. Bangashiya isitokwe esengeziwe endaweni eyaziwayo eyinkinga ngaphandle kokubuzwa. Leyo ndlela yempendulo phakathi kwe-Foundry floor kanye nesitolo se-CNC ayibonakali kuklayenti kodwa ibalulekile kumphumela.
Umhosha Wokuxhumana: Imidwebo vs. Inhloso
Lokhu kungase kube umthombo omkhulu wekhanda elibuhlungu. Umdwebo uyidokhumenti yomthetho neyobuchwepheshe, kodwa uwukuhumusha okungaphelele kwenhloso kanjiniyela. I-callout engaphezulu, inothi elingacacile mayelana ne-radius yonke imiphetho, indawo yoguquko engachazwanga—lezi izizathu zokuzala zokuphoxeka.
Ngibone imidwebo ye ukunemba kokulingisa ingxenye enokubekezelelana iqine kakhulu kunalokho inqubo yokusakaza eyisisekelo engayibamba ngokuthembekile, ezicini ezingabalulekile. Ukucaphuna ngobumpumputhe lokho kuwugibe. Umnyakazo wobungcweti uwukuthatha ucingo. Sibona lokhu +/- 0.1mm ukubekezelelana kulo mphathi okhuphukayo. Ingabe lokho okokuqondanisa, noma okokulinganisa imvume? Ngoba uma kungowokugunyazwa, singabamba ukubekezelelana okuyongayo futhi sikuqinisekise ukuthi kufanela ingxenye yakho yokukhwelana. Ingxenye yesikhathi, unjiniyela uyawazisa umbuzo; kungenzeka ukuthi bakopishe imininingwane komunye umdwebo. Esinye isigamu, siveza isidingo esibucayi esidinga indlela ehlukile, njengokuthuthela endaweni eyenziwe ngomshini onembayo.
Imayelana nokucaciswa okusebenzayo, hhayi nje ukwenza. Iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi, njenge tsngtaocnc.com, ingabonisa amakhono, kodwa ukuhlola kwangempela kukulezi zingxoxo zoku-oda kusengaphambili. Ingabe babuza imibuzo ehlakaniphile? Ingabe baphakamisa ukuklanywa kokwenziwayo kwe-manufacturability (DFM) okwenza inqubo ibe lula ngaphandle kokufaka engozini umsebenzi? Lokho kuwuphawu lokuhlangenwe nakho.
Ukwehluleka njengoHlelo Lwezifundo
Akekho kuleli bhizinisi onerekhodi eliphelele. Laba ofuna ukusebenza nabo yilabo abanologi yokuhluleka ehlaziywe kahle. Umkhiqizi omuhle akakufihli lokhu; benza izifundo zibe yizikhungo.
Sibe nenhlekelele yangaphambi kwesikhathi ngochungechunge lokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-aluminium-bronze. Babelokhu bekhombisa ukuhlakazeka kwe-micro-porosity. Sihlole yonke into: i-wax, igobolondo, izinga lokushisa elithelayo, i-dewaxing. Ekugcineni, umsunguli wesandla esidala wabuza mayelana nomswakama endaweni yokugcina amaphethini ayinhloko we-wax. Yayiphakeme. Amaphethini ayemunce umswakama owanele okwathi phakathi ne-dewaxing (i-steam autoclave), amanzi aphenduka abe isitimu ngaphakathi kwegobolondo le-ceramic ngobudlova kakhulu, alimaze kancane ukungena kwalo. Ukulungiswa kwakuyisitoreji sephethini elawulwa yisimo sezulu. Inguquko encane, engabonakali.
Lolo uhlobo lolwazi oluyimbudumbudu, oluzuzwe kanzima oluchaza umsebenzi ovuthiwe. Kungakho lapho kuhlolwa a ukunemba Casting izingxenye umenzi, kufanele ubuze hhayi nje ungakwenza lokhu? kodwa yiziphi izingozi ezintathu eziphezulu ozibonayo ngale ngxenye, futhi ungazinciphisa kanjani? Impendulo yabo izokutshela ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isitifiketi odongeni. Kusekungabazeni ngaphambi kokuba baphendule, indlela abakhomba ngayo isici esithile emdwebeni wakho—lowo umsindo wokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela okucabanga ngokuphimisela.
