Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'izingxenye zokusakaza ezinembayo', bafanekisela lezo zingxenye ezingenasici, ezicishe zifane nenethi, kufana nokuthi ziphuma esikhunjeni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Leso isicwebezelisi sokumaketha. Okuyiqiniso, ukugaya kwansuku zonke, ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwesithembiso senqubo kanye nenkani ye-physics. Akukhona nje ukuzuza ukubekezelelana okuqinile; kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukubekezelelana okufanele ukulwela engxenyeni ethile, futhi lapho ungavumela inqubo iphefumule ngaphandle kokuyekethisa umsebenzi. Imininingwane eminingi iphonswa ngaphandle kokuqonda isilinganiso sezindleko nezinzuzo endaweni yesitolo.
Umdlalo Weshell: Ngaphezu Kwesihlabathi Nje
Thatha i-shell mold casting. Igama likwenza kuzwakale kuqondile-yakha igobolondo, uthele insimbi. Kodwa ukuhambisana kwengxube ye-resin-sand? Yilapho imizwa yeminyaka ifika khona. Iqoqo elehle nge-fraction in catalyst ratio alihluleki ngokushesha. Ihluleka emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, lapho ukulingisa kuphuma nendawo ebukeka iyinhle, hhayi bushelelezi, ngoba amandla egobolondo ayengafani. Sifunde lokhu kabuhlungu ekuqhutshweni kwezindlu zamaphampu zeklayenti. Izingxenye zadlula ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, kodwa ukuqedwa kwangaphandle kwakunomngcele. Iklayenti lizenqabile. Imbangela? Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ekamelweni lokuxubela ngalolo suku okwashintsha ukuphulukisa okuguquguqukayo. Manje, ukulawulwa kwemvelo kuleyo ndawo yokulungiselela akuxoxiswana ngayo, noma ngabe kubonakala kuyimininingwane emincane.
Yileyo nto nayo ukunemba ekubunjweni izingxenye. Ukunemba kuqala ngaphambi kokuba insimbi encibilikisiwe ibone isikhunta. Iqala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nesimo sezulu eziphathwayo. Enkampanini efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), enamashumi amathathu eminyaka kulokhu, leyo nkumbulo yesikhungo iyimpahla yangempela. Awukwazi ukuthenga lolo hlobo lwesizindalwazi sokuxazulula inkinga. Ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka bakhe umtapo wolwazi oqinile wamapharamitha wenqubo wamajometri nezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene, obaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula noma isiphi isisetshenziswa esisha.
Futhi i-geometry iyinkosi. Ukubumba igobolondo kuhle ngobunkimbinkimbi obumaphakathi, kodwa uma ungena eziteshini zangaphakathi noma izindlela ezingaphansi ezingadinga ama-cores ayinkimbinkimbi futhi antekenteke, ingqondo yakho kufanele igxumele kwenye inqubo. Uqala ukukala izindleko zokuhlanganisa okubalulekile ekubunjweni kwegobolondo ngokumelene nenkululeko cishe ephelele yejiyomethri yokutshala imali. Kuyi-pivot yengqondo engaguquki.
Ukufakwa Kwezimali: Inkohliso Yenkululeko Engenamkhawulo
Ukutshala imali, noma i-wax elahlekile, iphosta yengane ukunemba ekubunjweni izingxenye. I-hype imayelana nokuthwebula imininingwane emangalisayo, futhi kuyiqiniso. Ungakwazi ukuphonsa izinto ezibukeka ngomshini. Kodwa inkohliso ukuthi isisombululo esisodwa-stop. Inqubo yephethini ye-wax ngokwayo iyifomu lobuciko. Izingcindezi zokujova, amazinga okushisa, namazinga okupholisa e-wax athinta ngokuqondile ubukhulu bengxenye yokugcina yensimbi. Usinki omncane kuphethini ye-wax uhumusha ukuchezuka ekubumbeni. Khona-ke unesakhiwo segobolondo se-ceramic-i-dip ngayinye, isicelo ngasinye se-stucco sanding, umjikelezo ngamunye wokumisa wengeza ungqimba lokuhlukahluka okungenzeka.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ye-turbine blade prototype, kusetshenziswa ingxubevange esekwe nickel. Amaphethini we-wax ayephelele. Igobolondo lalibukeka lihle. Kodwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-wax nokudubula, saba namagobolondo ambalwa anemifantu yezinwele. Akubona bonke, abambalwa nje abavela kuqeqebana elifanayo. Iphuzu lokuhluleka? Ukushaqeka okushisayo ngesikhathi se-autoclave dewaxing yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kwakubi kakhulu kulolo hlobo oluthile lwegobolondo ezindaweni ezithile zempande. Silungise izinga lokukhuphuka futhi sethula isigaba sokushisa kwangaphambili sezingxenye ezijiyile. Inkinga ixazululiwe, kodwa kusibize ukubambezeleka kokulethwa. Isifundo bekuwukuthi umjikelezo ojwayelekile awujwayelekile. Yindawo yokuqala okufanele ishuniselwe ukusatshalaliswa ngobuningi bengxenye.
Kulapho ubungcweti bezinto ezibonakalayo, njengalokho okugqanyiswa yi-QSY ngomsebenzi wabo kuma-alloys akhethekile (okusekelwe ku-cobalt, okusekelwe ku-nickel), kuba bucayi. Lawa ma-alloys awakona nje ukumelana nokugqwala noma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngesikhathi sokuqina. Zinezici ezihlukene zokushwabana, izidingo ezihlukene zokudla. Ukuthela insimbi engagqwali egobolondweni lokutshala imali kuyinto eyodwa; ukuthela ingxubevange ye-nickel esebenza kahle kungomunye umdlalo webhola ngokuphelele. Isistimu yokugenca—amashaneli afaka insimbi engxenyeni ethile—kufanele yakhelwe cishe ngokuhlinzwa ukuze lezi zinto zokwakha zigweme ukushwabana kwe-porosity ezindaweni ezibucayi. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha idizayini evela engxenyeni yensimbi ye-carbon.
I-Machining Handshake: Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Namaqiniso
Cha ukunemba kokulingisa ingxenye iqedwe ngempela ku-shakeout. Lona omunye umbono oyiphutha omkhulu. Isithembiso 'se-near-net-shape' sisho ukuthi unciphisa ukwenza imishini, kodwa awuvamisile ukukususa. Ubambiswano phakathi kokulingisa kanye nemishini ye-CNC kusondelene. Ukulingisa kufanele kunikeze idatha enokwethenjelwa—indawo eyireferensi—yokuba umakhi wemishini akwazi ukubambelela kuyo futhi alinganise ngayo. Uma ukusakaza kuhlanekezelwe, noma uma izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezibucayi zingafakwanga ngesitoko esanele esihlanzekile (impahla eyengeziwe) yomshini, yonke into ingaba yizicucu esikhungweni sokusebenza.
Sihlanganise imishini ye-CNC endlini ngemva komdlalo owodwa wokusola abaningi ngesitolo semishini sangaphandle. Bangase bathi ukulingisa kwethu kuphelile, singathi ukuhlela kwabo kwakungalungile. Ukuyiletha ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba i-QSY yenze ngokusakazwa kwayo okuhlanganisiwe nokusetha kwemishini ye-CNC, kushintsha inkhulumomphendvulwano. Ithimba lemishini likhuluma neqembu labasunguli. Bangathi, Hhayi, uma ungaqinisekisa lobu buso be-flange phakathi kuka-0.5mm wokucaba, singanciphisa isikhathi sethu sokwenza imishini ngo-30%. Leyo loop yempendulo iyigolide. Ishintsha izinqubo ezincikene zisuka kubaphikisi zibe abahlanganyeli.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo: umzimba we-valve wensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Izindawo ezifakwe njenge-cast of the bore yangaphakathi zazizinhle, kodwa ngobuqotho bezimpawu, zazidinga ukuqedwa okuhle nokubekezelelana kobubanzi obuqinile. Ngokwenza ithimba labasebenza ngomshini lifanelekele kusengaphambili ukuqondanisa kokubhoboza kokuqala kokulingisa, i-Foundry ingalungisa ukuma okuyisisekelo kusikhunta seqeqebana elilandelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngisho nokususwa kwesitoko. Lokhu kunciphise kakhulu isikhathi somshini nokuguga kwamathuluzi. Ukusebenzisana kuwebhusayithi yabo ku-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com phakathi kokusakaza nokwenza imishini akulona nje uhlu lwesevisi; kuyifilosofi yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo eqhuba ukusebenza kahle nekhwalithi.
Izinto Ezikhethwayo: Isisekelo Somsebenzi
Ukukhetha okokusebenza akukhona nje impahla yeshidi elicacisiwe. Imayelana nokucastability. I-cast iron, ngokwesibonelo, iyathethelela. Igeleza kahle, yondla kahle. Kodwa ukuthuthela ezinsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy noma i-stainless, i-fluidity iyashintsha, uhla lokuqinisa luyashintsha. Uthola i-pasty eyengeziwe, ukuqina kwe-mushy, okuthambekele ku-micro-porosity uma kungadliwe ngendlela efanele. Uma i-QSY ibala umsebenzi wayo ngensimbi ewukhonkolo, insimbi, insimbi, nama-alloys akhethekile, lokho kuyikhono le-Foundry. Umndeni ngamunye udinga umqondo ohlukile.
Ethuluzini lezolimo eligqoke kakhulu, insimbi eqinile ingacaciswa. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuyiphonsa ngaphandle kwemifantu? Kwesinye isikhathi, impendulo iwukuphakamisa ibanga elihluke kancane elinokusebenza okufanayo kodwa izici zokusakaza ezingcono. Lokho ubunjiniyela be-value-added. Akukhona nje ukwenza lokho okubhaliwe; kuboniswana ngokuthi yini okufanele ibhalwe ukuze yenziwe ngendlela ethembekile futhi engabizi kakhulu. Yilapho iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza isho isisekelo solwazi sezinto ezijulile.
Ama-alloys akhethekile ahlukene emhlabeni. Ayabiza, ngakho izindleko ze-scrap ziyinhlekelele. Zonke izinyathelo zicophelela. Isilinganiso se-revert (recycled alloy) silawulwa ngokuqinile. I-melt chemistry iyahlolwa futhi ihlolwe kabusha. Izinga lokushisa lokuthulula libalulekile - lishisa kakhulu, uthola ukusabela okweqile ngegobolondo le-ceramic; cool kakhulu, usengozini mistuns. Ukusebenza nalezi akuyona into eqalwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Idinga izinqubo ezizinikele futhi, ngokungananazi, nezinga elihlukile lokuziphatha kwaphansi kwesitolo.
Isilinganiso Sangempela Sokunemba: Ukuvumelana Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Ngakho, yini echaza okuhle ukunemba ekubunjweni izingxenye umphakeli? Akusona i-one-off prototype ephuma kahle. Isiqephu se-10,000 ekuqhutshweni kokukhiqiza okufana no-1st kanye no-5,000. Yilokho uvivinyo olunonya. Kumayelana nokulawulwa kwenqubo esindayo ekushintsheni kweshifti, ukuhluka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nemijikelezo yokulungisa imishini.
Lokhu kuvumelana kwakhelwe phezu kwemibhalo namasiko. Izingodo zomlilo, amarekhodi epharamitha yomjovo we-wax, amasheke ansuku zonke ekusabalaleni okusanhlamvu kwesihlabathi. Ukuzimisela ukwehlisa ijubane nokuphenya lapho ishadi lokulawula inqubo yezibalo libonisa ithrendi, ngisho noma izingxenye zisacacisiwe ngokobuchwepheshe. Inkampani esinesikhathi eside i-QSY ikwazi lokhu noma ibingeke isinde. Imboni ijezisa kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ukulingisa okunembayo kuwumsebenzi othobekile ogqoke amagama obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Izingxenye zingagcina zise-aerospace noma emishinini yezokwelapha, kodwa ziqala ngabantu ababuka amazinga okushisa, ukukala ama-viscosity, nokuhlola izindawo ngeso eliprakthizayo. Ukunemba kwangempela akukhona nje kuma-microns emdwebeni; kusekuphindaphindeni kwezinqumo ezincane ezingenakubalwa ezenziwe ngendlela efanele, usuku nosuku. Yilokho okuthengayo ngempela.
