Ake sinqamule indaba yokumaketha. Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukusakaza okunembayo', bafanekisela izingxenye ezingenasici, ezimise okwenetha ziphuma esikhunjeni, ezilungele ukusebenza. Iqiniso liyi-messier, linama-nuances amaningi, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, lithakazelisa kakhulu. Akuyona nje inqubo; kuwukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwesifiso sokuvelela somklamo, ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye neqiniso elibi le-physics ne-chemistry. Imininingwane eminingi iphonswa ngapha nangapha ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi kubizani ngempela ukuzuza phansi.
Umdlalo Weshell: Ungaphezu Kwesihlabathi Nje
Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta seShell, enye yezindlela zethu eziyinhloko, kuvame ukuxhunywa ngokusakazwa kwesihlabathi okulula. Lokho kuyiphutha. Ukunemba kuqala ngesikhunta uqobo. Asigcini nje ngokupakisha isihlabathi ephethinini; sakha igobolondo elincanyana, eliqinile ngenqubo ye-stucco enezinyathelo eziningi. Ukuvumelana kwe-ceramic slurry, usayizi wokusanhlamvu we-stucco ephikisayo, isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwamadiphu—okuguquguqukayo ngakunye kuyahleba kuze kube sekugcineni. Yenza okungalungile, futhi uzokubona ekugcineni, noma okubi nakakhulu, ekuqhekekeni kwegobolondo ngesikhathi sokuthela. Ngibone amaphrojekthi lapho iklayenti lifuna ukuqedwa kwe-Ra 3.2 μm njengokusakazwa. Iyafezeka? Yebo, ngegobolondo. Kodwa kwakusho ukulungisa i-viscosity yejazi lokuqala nokuthuthela esihlabathini se-zircon esicolekile sejazi lobuso, okwengeza izindleko kanye nezidingo zokuphatha ezibucayi. Yilokhu kuhwebelana okuchaza ukunemba kwangempela.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuza namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi. Izindonga ezizacile, imigudu yangaphakathi, ama-undercuts. Ngokubumba igobolondo, singakwazi ukufeza izigaba ezifika cishe ku-3mm ngokuthembekile, kodwa siphushele ku-2mm? Yilapho ubuciko bungena khona. Kudinga ukuklanywa kwephethini okuphelele (ama-engeli asalungiswa akuxoxiswana), kanye nokuthela okulawulwayo, okusheshayo ukuze kugcwalise imbobo ngaphambi kokuba insimbi iqale ukuqhwa kulezo zigaba ezithambile. Silahlekelwe inqwaba kanye kumfuziselo we-pump impeller—iphethini enhle, kodwa amaphrinti ayinhloko abe ngaphansi kancane. Phakathi nokuthululwa, ukunyakaza kwensimbi engagqwali encibilikisiwe kwawuphakamisa ngempela umongo, kwalungisa kabi amaphaseji angaphakathi. Ukwehluleka okuthulile, okumba eqolo okusifundise ukweqa i-core anchoring ngokuthela okuguquguqukayo.
Bese kuba nokuvinjelwa kwezinto. Isikhunta samagobolondo sinokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwama-alloys ayoni—izinsimbi ezisansimbi, izinsimbi zekhabhoni, amamaki angenasici. Kodwa uma ugxumela kuma-superalloy ngezinga lokushisa elithela enyakatho ye-1500 ° C, ukushaqeka okushisayo egobolondweni kunonya. Sishintshele kwijazi lobuso elihlanganiswe ne-silica ochungechungeni lwe ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel izingxenye, ezasiza, kodwa yethula inkinga entsha: igobolondo laba brittle kakhudlwana. Inqubo yokuphatha kusukela ekukhishweni kwe-wax kuya ekuthululeni kwakudingeka kucatshangelwe kabusha ngokuphelele. Ayikho incwadi ehlanganisa lokho; wulwazi lwezizwe phansi.
Ukufakwa Kwezimali Zotshalomali: Ukuhlola Kwangempela Kwewax Okulahlekile
Ukutshala imali yingane yephosta ngokunemba, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Ukuphindaphinda kwephethini ye-wax yilapho ukwethembeka kuzalwa khona. Kodwa igama elithi 'i-wax elahlekile' lizwakala liwumlingo, futhi lifihla inani elincane lezinyathelo lapho ukubekezelelana kungaphuma khona. Imingcele yomjovo we-wax-izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokubamba-ithinta ngokuqondile ubukhulu bephethini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Iphethini ebukeka iphelele ingancipha ngokwehlukana phakathi nenqubo yokutshala imali, ilahle izilinganiso ezibucayi.
Siyisebenzisa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingeke zikwazi ukushintshwa ngokomnotho—cabanga ngamablade e-turbine ahlanganisiwe anamashaneli okupholisa angaphakathi, noma ama-prototypes okufakelwa kwezokwelapha anomumo we-organic. Ukunemba kohlangothi kuhle kakhulu, kuvamise ukubamba okuthi +/- 0.005 amayintshi iyintshi ngayinye. Kodwa lokho kungaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Isifundo esisodwa esifunde kanzima: umswakamo we-ambient ngosuku owakha ngalo igobolondo le-ceramic lubalulekile. Iphakeme kakhulu, futhi izingqimba ezilandelanayo azomi futhi zishise kahle; igobolondo ingaba buthakathaka. Iphansi kakhulu, futhi izendlalelo zingelapha ngokushesha, zidale ingcindezi. Manje sesinokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu egunjini lokwakha amagobolondo, okuyizindleko ezinkulu okungaxoxiswana ngazo ezizikhokhele ngokwazo ezilahliwe ezincishisiwe.
Inqubo ye-dewaxing ingesinye isikhathi esibalulekile. I-Autoclave vs. flash fire? Ngamunye unezinzuzo. Kumaphethini amakhulu anezingxenye eziwugqinsi, sikhetha umjikelezo we-autoclave olawulwayo ukuze uncibilikise i-wax ngaphandle kokuqhekeka igobolondo eliluhlaza. Kodwa ezakhiweni ezithambile, ezinodonga oluncane, ukushaqeka okushisayo komlilo we-flash kungaba kubi kakhulu. Siqhekeze sonke isihlahla sabakaki be-aerospace kanye ngokuba nolaka kakhulu nge-autoclave pressure. I-wax ayizange ichithe ngokushesha ngokwanele, yanwetshwa, futhi… pop. I-ceramic crunch ethule esho amasonto esikhathi esilahlekile. Manje, kuwo wonke umhlangano omusha we-wax, sisebenzisa igobolondo elincane lokuhlola ukudayela imingcele ye-dewaxing. Ihamba kancane, kodwa iyasindisa.
Okubalulekile Akulona Nje Ishidi Elicacisiwe
Amaklayenti athumela imininingwane ebalulekile: I-ASTM A351 CF8M noma i-Inconel 718. Lokho isiqalo sengxoxo, hhayi isiphetho. Ingxubevange ngayinye iziphatha njengento ephilayo ku-crucible kanye nesikhunta. Thatha insimbi engagqwali. I-chromium ifuna ukwenza i-oxidize, yenze i-slag engavaleleka ekulingiseni uma isistimu yesango ingaklanyelwe ukugcina ukuthululwa kunomsindo futhi kuvezwe emoyeni. Sisebenzisa izandiso zokugijima nezihlungi ze-ceramic njengezinga elijwayelekile manje, kodwa kuthathe amaqoqo ambalwa anezindawo ezimbi ezihlanganisayo ukwenza lowo mthetho.
Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt bayizilwane zabo. Ukugqoka okumangalisayo nokumelana nokugqwala, uketshezi olubi. Bathola ama-mushy ngokushesha, ngakho ukugcwalisa izingxenye ezincane kuwumjaho. Ngokuvamile kufanele siwashise ngaphezu kwalokho okutuswa yi-spec sheet, okubeka engcupheni ukukhula okusanhlamvu kanye nemvula ye-carbide. Isixazululo? Ukuthululela ngokushesha emigqonyeni eshisayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kushisise isikhunta. Yengeza ubunkimbinkimbi, kepha iyona ndlela kuphela yokugcwalisa isihlalo sevalvu, ngokwesibonelo. Awukwazi ukuvele uthele lezi njengoba uthela insimbi.
Bese kuba khona iqiniso langemva kokusakazwa. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ingxenye yokusakazwa okunembayo isiqediwe. Nakancane. Cishe yonke into iya emnyangweni wethu we-CNC. Ukulingisa kunikeza ukuma okuseduze kwenetha, kodwa ukukhanda kunikeza ukunemba kokugcina, okusebenzayo—imicu, izindawo zokuvala, izimbobo eziqinile. Lapha yilapho synergy endaweni efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) kunengqondo. Ukuba nomshini wokulingisa nomshini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kusho ukuthi ithimba labadwebi lingakwazi ukuphinda libuyele embonini: Lo mphathi uhlala enobukhulu obungu-0.5mm, esishiya isitokwe esiningi kakhulu ukuthi singasisusa, noma Indawo efakwe njenge-cast kuleli phakethe inhle kangangokuthi singakwazi ukweqa iphasi elibi. Leyo loop yempendulo, eyakhiwe eminyakeni yabo engama-30, yilapho kwakhiwa khona ukungaguquguquki kweqiniso.
I-CNC: Uzakwethu, Hhayi Iqembu Lokuhlanza
Uma sikhuluma nge-CNC, akuwona umcabango osemuva; yingxenye ebalulekile yezibalo ezinembile. Amaphoyinti edatha asungulwe kuphethini yokusakaza kufanele aklanywe kucatshangwa ngomshini. Sithuthele kuma-prototypes we-3D-printed fixture ukuze sihlole lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphambi kokusika insimbi. Ingxenye ephonswe kahle ayinamsebenzi uma ingakwazi ukubanjwa ngokuphepha ukuze kwenziwe imishini ngaphandle kokuhlanekezelwa.
Okwezinto ezinjengama-duplex stainless steels noma izinsimbi zamathuluzi aqinile, amapharamitha womshini wokuphonswa kwangemuva abalulekile. Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuvela kwinqubo yokuphonsa kuthinta ukusebenza komshini. Sivamise ukwenza i-anneal ethambile ngaphambi komshini, bese siphatha ukushisa kokugcina kuya ku-spec, okulandelwa iphasi yokuqeda ukukhanya. Umdanso onezinyathelo ezintathu phakathi kwesithando somlilo nesikhungo somshini. Izama ukwenza umshini we-as-cast, iqinile insimbi ingxenye iyindlela enhle yokushisa okufakiwe futhi wethule ukucindezeleka engxenyeni.
I-value-add yangempela isekulungiseni imimo ye-cast un-machineable. Muva nje sibe nenqwaba yamaphaseji angaphakathi ahlanganayo ebengeke akwazi ukuyibhola. Ngokusebenzisa ukutshala imali, sakha amavesi. Bese, sisebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-5-axis CNC ne-EDM, sidale ama-flange noxhumo lwembobo ngokuqondanisa okuphelele kulawo mavesi abalingisi. Ukulingisa kuvumele ubunkimbinkimbi; i-CNC inike amandla isixhumi esibonakalayo emhlabeni wangempela.
Ukwehluleka Iphuzu Ledatha
Awutholi kahle kulokhu ngaphandle kokuphula izinto. Izinto eziningi. Umgomo awukona ukugwema ukwehluleka, kodwa ukwenza kwenzeke ngendlela elawulwayo, efundisayo. Senza ukuhlola kwe-athikili yokuqala okulimazayo emngceleni—sisika ukulingwa kwesampula ukuze silinganise ukushuba kodonga lwangaphakathi, sihlola i-micro-porosity enodayi ongenayo ezindaweni ezingabalulekile, senza izivivinyo zokugoba emigqeni yokuhlola ehlukene.
Inkinga eyodwa ephikelelayo kwaba ukushwabana okuncane ezingxenyeni ezisindayo ezincikene nezindonga ezincane. Isixazululo sasingekho esikhunjeni; bekukumklamo wesikhuphukeli kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-exothermic padding ukulawula ukuthamba kokuqina. Sifunde ukuthi ngendlu yephampu ehlulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi kwadlula, kodwa i-X-ray yembula indawo enesiponji eyayingahluleka ngenxa yokukhathala. Lokho kuholele ekubuyekezweni okujwayelekile kwemiklamo yethu yentamo yokuphakelayo yamajiyometri afanayo.
Ekugcineni, ukunemba kokulingisa imayelana nokulawula nokubikezela. Kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi uma ulandela inqubo ethile ye-cocktail-le ngxube ye-wax, leyo recipe yegobolondo, lokhu kushisa okuthululwayo kwaleyo alloy, lokho kulandelwana kwemishini-uzothola ingxenye ngaphakathi kwemvilophu ebikezelwe yokuhlukahluka. Ayiphelele neze, kodwa inhle ngokwethembekile. Futhi lokho kwethembeka, okuzalwa kusukela emashumini amathathu eminyaka okuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nalezi ezingenhla, yilokho okuhlukanisa ingxenye esebenza engxenyeni ehlala njalo. Izinkampani ezihlala njalo, njenge-QSY, ziyaqonda ukuthi lolu ulwazi olujulile, ngezinye izikhathi olungcolile, oluthenga ngempela, hhayi nje ifayela le-CAD eliphenduke insimbi.
