Uma othile ethi izingxenye ezinembayo, iningi licabanga ngezinto ezingenasici, ezicwebezelayo zisuka emshinini we-CNC. Leyo yinguqulo yencwajana ecwebezelayo. Iqiniso, leli ophila ngalo esitezi sesitolo, limayelana nokuphatha ama-microns ngaphansi kokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nesimo sokungaxoleli se-physics. Akukhona nje ngokushaya inombolo emdwebeni; kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi umdwebo ngokuvamile uyisiqalo sezingxoxo, hhayi ukuphela. Ukunemba kwangempela kulele ekulindeleni ukuthi ingxenye izoziphatha kanjani uma ingasekho etafuleni legwadle le-CMM, kodwa libhawushwe ohlelweni, ngaphansi komthwalo, ezingeni lokushisa. Kulapho amashumi eminyaka okusakaza nokwenza imishini, njengalokho okubona enkampanini efana nayo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), empeleni kunendaba. Inkumbulo yesikhungo yokuthi i-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel ijika kanjani ngesikhathi sokupholisa kugobolondo le-investimenti, noma ukuthi izinga elithile lensimbi engagqwali lisebenza kanjani libe lukhuni ngesikhathi sokugaya, ehlukanisa ingxenye esebenzisekayo kukhandidethi lomgqomo we-scrap.
Lapho Ukunemba Kuhlala Khona Ngempela
Ake sicacise. Iklayenti lithumela imodeli ye-3D ye-valve ye-hydraulic valve, ukubekezelela ±0.02mm kuma-bores abalulekile. Ephepheni, ngemishini yesimanje yama-axis angu-5, lokho kuyafezeka. Kodwa impahla iyi-ductile iron. Uma uvele uyibambe bese uhamba, amandla okusika kanye nokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kusuka kunqubo yokusakaza kuzohambisa ingxenye. Ungase ulinganise ukuphelela ngemva komshini, uthole kuphela ukuthi sekuphelile amahora angu-24 kamuva njengoba ukucindezeleka kuncipha. Ukunemba lapha akukho endleleni ehleliwe yomshini, kodwa ekunciphiseni ingcindezi yangaphambi komshini, isu lokulungisa elinciphisa ukuhlanekezela, kanye nokulandelana kokusebenza. Kufanele uyilungise, uyiyeke ihlale, bese uqeda. Leso yisikhathi futhi akubizi muntu ekuthengeni ofuna ukuzwa ngakho, kodwa ukuphela kwendlela. Ngibone izitolo eziningi zeqa lezi zinyathelo ukuze zihlangabezane nomnqamulajuqu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenkundla. Ingxenye yayinemba kulebhu, kodwa hhayi emhlabeni wangempela.
Yilapho izinqubo ezididiyelwe zibonisa khona inani lazo. Inkampani ephethe kokubili ukulingisa nomshini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njenge-QSY neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekubunjweni kwamagobolondo kanye nokufaka utshalomali okubhangqwe nomshini we-CNC, inethuba lokulwa. Omashini bakhuluma nethimba labasunguli. Bayazi izici ezithile zokushwabana zesikhunta sabo segobolondo, izindawo ezijwayelekile ze-porosity zomklamo onikeziwe wokungena. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-CNC lungalungiswa ngaphambi kokusikwa kwe-chip yokuqala—mhlawumbe kwengezwe isitoko esingu-0.05mm odongeni ngokuvamile esidonsela ngaphakathi. Lokho ukunemba okusebenzayo. Akukho kufayela le-CAD; isezincwadini zokunikezelana phakathi kweminyango esebenze ndawonye iminyaka. Ungathola indlela yabo enemininingwane ku-portal yabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, efundeka ngokungagwegwesi njengencwadi yenqubo kunesayithi lokuthengisa, engikwazisayo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungomunye umashiqela othule wokunemba. Wonke umuntu ufuna i-stainless ukumelana nokugqwala, kodwa yiliphi ibanga? I-304 iyiphupho elibi lemishini engakwazi ukubekezelela—iluma izinsini, ihamba. I-316 ingcono kancane kodwa isenzima. Ukuze uthole ukuzinza kwangempela, ungase udinge ukuphushela iklayenti ebangeni eliqinisa imvula elifana no-17-4PH, kodwa-ke ubhekene nokuhlanekezelwa kokwelashwa kwangemuva komshini. Noma thatha ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ukuze uthole ukumelana nokugqoka ngokweqile. Banzima ngesihluku ukwenza umshini. Ukuthola isiphetho esihle kanye nokubamba ukubekezelelana engxenyeni ye-Stellite akukhona ukuba nomshini kanokusho; imayelana namasu omzila wamathuluzi, ingcindezi epholile ekufakweni, nama-harmonics esivinini sokuphotha. Ufunda lezi zinto ngokucekela phansi izinto eziningi ezibizayo kuqala.
I-Trap Yokulinganisa
Nansi igebe elidala lomkhakha: ukuthembela ngokweqile embikweni we-CMM. Ingxenye iyahlola, wonke amalambu aluhlaza. Kodwa kuyehluleka emhlanganweni. Kungani? I-CMM ingase ilinganise iphuzu elilodwa ku-bore, kodwa imfuneko yokusebenza ukuqondisa kwaleyo bhore phezu kwabo bonke ubude bayo ngokuhlobene nesinye isici. Noma ukuphela kwendawo. Ukuqedwa okungu-0.8Ra kungase kubizwe, futhi ukushaye. Kodwa uma i-lay of the finish iyindilinga endaweni yokuvala edinga uphawu lwe-radial, izovuza. I-CMM ayikutholi lokho. Udinga i-gauging esebenzayo, noma okungcono nakakhulu, udinga ukuyihlola endaweni elingisa ukuhlangana kwayo kokugcina. Ukunemba kweqiniso kuqinisekiswa umsebenzi, hhayi nje uhlu lokuxhumanisa.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yendlu yezinzwa ku-alloy esekwe ku-nickel. Ubukhulu bebuphelele, kodwa ingxenye ibinomsindo kagesi kudivayisi yokugcina. Umlandu? I-burr engabonakali entanjeni, eyenza i-micro-antenna. Umdwebo awuzange ucacise amazinga okukhipha imali alolo chungechunge lwangaphakathi. Ukuhlola kwethu akuphuthele ngoba ibingekho ohlwini lokuhlola. Ukunemba kobukhulu obukhulu kwakungabalulekile; ukwehluleka bekusesici esithathwa njengesingabalulekile. Manje, ukugeleza komsebenzi wethu kwangemva komshini kuhlanganisa isheke elithile le-microscope lamandla aphansi lama-burrs anjalo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye enomsebenzi we-elekthronikhi. Kuyisifundo esibhalwe ngamaphepha e-RMA.
Yingakho isinyathelo sokugcina sokugxeka ukunemba izingxenye ngokuvamile akukona ukwenza imishini noma ukukala—kungumsebenzi wezandla. Uchwepheshe onekhono onetshe, opholisha unqenqema olucijile kuze kube sekhefu elithile. Noma ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lomoya elinethiphu yokuhuzula ngokwezifiso ukuze uhlanganise ngokulinganayo indawo engaphezulu. Ayizenzekelanga, ayisheshi kalula, kodwa imvamisa ingumehluko phakathi kwengxenye esebenzayo naleyo engasebenzi. Ngeke ukuthole lokhu kumabhulethi amaningi wokumaketha, kodwa kuyiqiniso lansuku zonke phansi.
Lapho Okuhle Kwanele Akukho
Umnotho wokunemba unonya. Ijika lezindleko alilayini; i-exponential. Ukusuka ku-±0.1mm kuye ku-±0.05mm kungase kuphindeke kabili isikhathi somshini futhi kudinga amathuluzi amasha. Ukuya ku-±0.02mm kungase kuyiphindaphinde kathathu futhi kudinge ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu. Elinye lamakhono abaluleke kakhulu unjiniyela wokukhiqiza anawo ukubuyela emuva konjiniyela bokuklama ukuze aqinisekise konke ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Ingabe leyo mbobo yokususa idinga ngempela ukuba i-H7? Noma ingabe i-H8 izokwanela? Ngokuvamile, umdwebo uyikhophi-unamathisele kusuka kuphrojekthi yangaphambilini, ngokubekezelelana akekho oye wabuza. Uzakwethu ohlanganyelayo akagcini nje ngokuthi yebo kukho konke okucacisiwe; bayabuza ukuthi kungani? futhi uphakamise ukuthi uqinise kuphi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ungakhulula kuphi ukuze uzuze ingxenye ethembekile ngezindleko ezinengqondo. Le ngxoxo iwuphawu lomphakeli ovuthiwe.
Uma ubheka iphothifoliyo yokusebenza okunesikhathi eside, njengaleyo ongayibona kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-QSY ngama-alloys akhethekile nokusakazwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ungaphetha ngokuthi babe nalezi zingxoxo izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane. Lapho usuneminyaka engu-30 wenza izingxenye, ubone imiklamo esebenzayo naleyo ehlulekile. Leyo datha yomlando iyigugu. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthi, Ngalolu hlobo lomthwalo kule ingxubevange ye-cobalt, sincoma ukuthi wengeze irediyasi okungenani engu-1.5mm lapha, noma sibeka engcupheni ukuqalisa kokukhathala. Lokho ukunemba okusetshenziswa esigabeni sokuklama-ukwenziwa, okunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kunokunemba okusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ukwehluleka okwangifundisa lokhu kwakuhilela ukufakwa kwe-investimenti yensimbi engenasici enezindonga ezincane zensiza yezokwelapha. Umklamo wawunekhona langaphakathi elihle, elicijile. Siyikhiqize ncamashi ukuze siyiphrinte. Yaqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Isixazululo kwakungeyona inqubo engcono yokwenza imishini; bekuwukubuyela kuklayenti futhi kufakazela, nge-FEA nezibonelo ezedlule, ukuthi ikhona lidinga irediyasi. Siphinde siyiphonsa ngesikhunta esilungisiwe. Ingxenye iphumelele. Ukunemba kwengxenye yokugcina bekuncike ekunembeni kokubonisana konjiniyela bokuqala.
I-Inertia Yokusebenzisa kanye Nenqubo
Ukunemba akukhona nje ingxenye; kumayelana nokukuphindaphinda. Ukuvumelana kwe-batch-to-batch kuyi-grail engcwele, futhi kunzima kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezicijile, ukuguga kwesikhunta noma iphethini ye-wax iyafa kushintsha ubukhulu ngokucashile phezu kokugijima. Ngomshini, ukugqoka kwamathuluzi kuyisitha. Ungase uqale uchungechunge lwezingxenye eziyi-1000 nge-endmill entsha ephethe u-±0.01mm, kodwa ngengxenye 300, uyakhukhuleka. Ingabe unayo i-gauging eqhubekayo ukuze ubambe lokho? Noma uhlelo lokuphatha impilo yamathuluzi? Ngevolumu ephezulu ukunemba izingxenye, ukulawulwa kwenqubo kubaluleke kakhulu kunamandla omshini owodwa.
Lena enye indawo lapho ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kusiza khona. Uma inkampani efanayo ilawula ukwenziwa kwephethini yokulingisa, ukubumba igobolondo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nemishini ye-CNC, ingakha amasheke afanayo kanye nezihibe zempendulo kuzo zonke izigaba. Ukushintsha kobukhulu be-as-cast kungamakwa futhi uhlelo lwe-CNC lulungiswe ngaphambi kokuthi inqwaba ishaye imishini. Kuyindlela ehlelekile yokunemba. Kuwebhusayithi yabo, ukugcizelela kwe-QSY ekulawuleni lonke iketango kusukela ekubunjweni kuya engxenyeni eseqedile eyenziwe ngomshini akuyona nje indawo yokuthengisa; inegalelo eliqondile ekuzinzeni kobukhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza.
Bese kuba nesici somuntu. Izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ziyize uma zingalandelwa. Umakhi wemishini onquma umshini wokukhuphuka ubukeka emuhle ngokwanele ngaphandle kokubheka nge-micrometer angakwazi ukulahla inqwaba. Isiko eliphansi kufanele lihloniphe ishidi lenqubo. Lokhu kuvela ekuqeqeshweni, kodwa nasekuqondeni ukuthi kungani. Lapho abantu beqonda ukuthi ukubekezelela okungu-±0.03mm esihlalweni esinesihlalo yikhona okuvimbela iphampu ukuthi ingazidlizi ize ife ngonyaka, maningi amathuba okuthi banakekele. Leyo yingxenye engaphatheki yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembayo ongeke ukwazi ukuzithenga ngethuluzi lomshini elisha.
Ukusonga: Ingqondo Esebenzayo
Ngakho, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, yini engiyithathayo? Ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembayo kuyisiyalo sokuyekethisa okulawulwayo. Kumayelana nokuqonda ngokujulile ukusebenzisana phakathi kokubalulekile, inqubo, inhloso yokuklama, kanye nezindleko. Ingcolile, iyaphindaphinda, futhi igcwele okuguquguqukayo okufihliwe. Izitolo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu akuzona lezi ezinamarobhothi amasha, kodwa yilezo ezinezincwadi zokubhalela ezibanzi kakhulu—amarekhodi angokoqobo noma angokomfanekiso alokho okusebenzile nalokho okungasebenzanga ezinkulungwaneni zemisebenzi edlule.
Umgomo awukona ukuphelela endaweni engenalutho. Iletha ingxenye enyamalalayo ekuhlanganiseni kwayo futhi ivele isebenze, isikhathi sayo sempilo esihlosiwe, ngaphandle kokuphikisana. Lokho kudinga umqondo wobambiswano kusukela kumdwebo wokuqala. Kudinga abahlinzeki abaletha okungokoqobo kokukhiqiza etafuleni lokuklama, nabaklami abalalelayo. Uma uthola lokho kusebenzisana, yilapho uthola khona ukunemba kwangempela—uhlobo olubambelela esizeni sokwakha esinobhuqu, egumbini lokuhlinza eliyinyumba, noma ekujuleni kwenjini esebenzayo, hhayi nje elebhu ye-metrology ene-air conditioning.
Ekugcineni, kufika ekuhlangenwe nakho. Akukho okungathatha indawo yokuthi wenze ingxenye efanayo ngaphambilini, endabeni efanayo, nokukhumbula ukuthi izinselele zaxazululwa kanjani. Lolo lwazi oluqoqiwe, uhlobo olwakhiwe eminyakeni engu-30 yokubhekana nayo yonke into kusukela kunsimbi ewuquququ kuya kuma-cobalt alloys, iyithuluzi elikhulu kakhulu lokwenza izingxenye ezilungile.
