Uma uzwa 'izingxenye ezingagugi', abantu abaningi bacabanga ngokushesha ngobulukhuni. Rockwell lokhu, Brinell lokho. Inombolo yokuqala wonke umuntu ayicelayo, futhi uma sikhuluma iqiniso, iyisiqalo esihle. Kodwa uma uke waba kulo mdlalo isikhathi eside ngokwanele, uyazi ukuthi yilapho ingxoxo yangempela iqala khona, ingagcini. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi efa ngenxa yokuthi othile u-ode ingxenye esekelwe kuphela esilinganisweni sobulukhuni esivela kukhathalogi, kodwa yahluleka esikhathini esingamaviki. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukugqoka akusona isitha esisodwa; inhlanganisela yokuhuzuka, umthelela, ukunamathela, kanye nokugqwala, konke kudansa ndawonye endaweni enzima. Ukuyiphatha njengenkinga enohlangothi olulodwa kuyiphutha elikhulu, futhi elibiza kakhulu, ongalenza.
I-Material Maze: Ayikaze nje Ngensimbi
Ngakho udinga okuthile okunzima. Umzwelo wakho wokuqala ungase ube wukuthola insimbi ekhonjiwe ye-chromium ephezulu noma insimbi yamathuluzi. Ukukhetha okuhle, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa ake sithi ubhekene ne-slurry pump impeller. Unezinto eziqinile ezinesivinini esikhulu ezikhuhla phezulu, kodwa futhi okungenzeka kube nokuchayeka kwe-chloride. Insimbi eqinile kakhulu ingase iqhekeke ngaphansi kwe-cavitation, noma igle emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Lapha yilapho ingxoxo ye-alloy ijula khona. Sibe nempumelelo, kanye nokwehluleka, okusiqhubele kuzixazululo eziklanyelwe kakhulu.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yesitshalo sikasimende, i-fan blade ebhekene nokuhuzuka okwedlulele othulini lokudla okungaphekiwe. Sizame ipuleti elijwayelekile le-NM400. Kunzima njengezinzipho, kodwa ukudlidliza nomthelela omncane ovela ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu kuholele ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala ezindaweni ezikhuphukayo. Ukuqina kwafika ngezindleko zokuqina. Leso kwakuyisikhathi sokufunda. Sishintshele ebulukhunini obuphansi kodwa obuqinile obuphakeme ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide eguquliwe ku-microstructure. Yayigqoka ngokulinganayo futhi ayizange iqhekeke. Izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo zehle kakhulu, noma i-specil yento yokuqala ibibukeka ithambile ephepheni.
Yingakho izinkampani ezikuqonda ngempela lokhu, njengokuthi I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ungagcini ngokuthengisa izinto zokwakha; kufanele baqonde imodi yokwehluleka. Ngemvelaphi yabo ku ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, bangadlala nge-metallurgy evela esimweni se-liquid. Izinga elihlukile lokulawula uma kuqhathaniswa nokwenza isitoko sebha. Ngoba izingxenye ezingagugi, inqubo yokusakaza ngokwayo ivumela ukudala amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, anomumo oseduze nenethi okunzima ukuwenza, futhi ungakwazi ukuklama izici zokuguga zibe yindwangu yengxenye—njengokubeka ama-alloys angagugi kakhulu lapho ukuhuzuka kwenzeka khona kakhulu.
Inqubo Iyingxenye Yokusebenza
Uma sikhuluma ngenqubo, lesi esinye isendlalelo esivame ukunganakwa. Ungaba ne-alloy eyakhiwe kahle kakhulu, kodwa uma ukwelashwa kokushisa kuvaliwe, noma ukusakaza kuphola kabi, usala nengxenye ephukayo, enokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, noma izici ezingahambisani. Ngizibonele izingxenye ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izici zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali zihluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba ukucisha ngemva kokusakazwa bekunolaka kakhulu, kudala imifantu emincane.
CNC imishini ingena lapha, kodwa umdanso obucayi. Machining a lukhuni ingxenye engagugi akufani nokwenza insimbi emnene. Ubhekene nokubalulekile okuzilwelayo. Ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi kuyasangana, futhi uma uphehla ukushisa okukhulu, ungakwazi ukuvala isendlalelo esingaphezulu osebenze kanzima ukuze usidale, udale isikhumba esithambile esiguga ngokushesha. Ikhono lisekwazini ukulandelana: ngezinye izikhathi umshini ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kwalokho, futhi izindlela zamathuluzi nokuphakelayo kudingeka kuhloniphe imvelo yokokusebenza. Isitolo esenza kuphela imishini elula ngeke sibe nokusetha noma ulwazi lwalokhu. Kuyisethi yekhono elikhethekile, elihlanganisa nesisekelo sezinto.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuyisihluthulelo. Inkampani ephethe kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njenge-QSY (ungabona indlela yabo yokwenza ngayo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), kunenzuzo. Bangenza isinqumo kusenesikhathi: Kule liner ye-crusher, sizoyiphonsa ku-95% ye-net shape kule nsimbi ye-manganese ephezulu, bese sifaka kuphela izixhumi ezibonakalayo ukuze sigweme ukufaka engcupheni isakhiwo esingaphezulu esiqinile. Lolo hlobo lokucabanga kokugeleza kwenqubo longa izindleko futhi lulondoloze ukusebenza. Akusona nje isinyathelo sokukhiqiza; isinqumo sokuklama-ukwenza kanye nesinqumo sokuklama-umsebenzi.
Lapho Ama-Special Alloys Akukona Nje Ukunethezeka
Manje, singene endaweni engavamile: i-cobalt nama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel. Ithegi yentengo yenza abantu bajabule. Awuzicacisi lezi ukuze uzijabulise. Kodwa ezimweni lapho ukugqwala okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuhlangabezana nokugqwala—cabanga izihlalo zamavalvu emshinini we-petrochemical cracker noma ama-turbine blades asendleleni yegesi eshisayo—aziwona ukuthuthukiswa; bawukuphela kwento ezosebenza. Ukugqokwa lapha kuvame ukuba yi-oxidation kanye ne-sulfidation ku-800 ° C+, kuhlanganiswe nezinhlayiya ezigugulekayo.
Sihlole ingxenye yensimbi engagqwali ohlelweni lokubamba umlotha olusezingeni eliphezulu. Kwabonakala kukuhle ngosuku lokuqala. Phakathi nenyanga, i-oxidized surface bese ihlakazekile, futhi impahla engaphansi yayikhishwa ngokushesha. Sishintshele ku-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel enokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ephezulu. Izinga lokuguga lehla laze lakhasa ngenxa yokuthi ingxubevange yenza ungqimba lwe-oxide oluzinzile, olunamathelayo oluvikela i-substrate. Ingxenye yayigqokwa ngokuchitha kancane lolu ungqimba nokuyilungisa, hhayi ngokulahlekelwa izinto ezibonakalayo okuyinhlekelele. Leyo ifilosofi ehlukile yokumelana nokugqokwa ngokuphelele.
Yilapho isipiliyoni se-Foundry nge ama-alloys akhethekile kubalulekile. Ukusakaza lezi zinto kuyisilo esihlukile. Zinokushwabana okuhlukile, uketshezi oluhlukile, futhi ziyasebenza uma umkhathi esithandweni somlilo ungalawulwa. Umsunguli othi yebo, singakwenza lokho ngaphandle kwerekhodi kuyifulegi elibomvu. Udinga ubufakazi, njengomlando wokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenzayo eziye zasinda ensimini. Akukhona ukuthulula insimbi; imayelana nokulawula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze kuveze i-microstructure engabikezelwa.
I-Fit kanye Nokuqukethwe
Nali ikhanda eliphathekayo elingalenzi incwajana: ilingane futhi ifakwe. Ungakwazi ukuklama okungcono kakhulu emhlabeni ukumelana nokugqoka liner, kodwa uma izimbobo ezifakwayo zicinywe ngohhafu wemilimitha, noma uma ingxenye ijika kancane ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, isilinganisi esisendaweni kuyodingeka siyigaye ukuze silingane. Ugaya yona kanye leyo ndawo oyikhokhele iprimiyamu. Ngikubonile kwenzeka. Ukucaciswa kokubekezelelana kwengxenye egugileyo akukhona nje ngomsebenzi; imayelana nokufakeka. Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukucacisa izindawo ezisakazwayo ezindaweni ezingabalulekile nasezindaweni ezinomshini kuphela lapho ukukhwelana kwenzeka khona. Unxantathu wokufakwa kwezindleko zokusebenza.
Elinye iphuzu lokuqukethwe: impahla yokukhwelana. Ukungagugi kwengxenye akusho lutho uma uwedwa. Iwuhlelo. I-chute liner ehlanganiswe ne-ceramic eqinile kakhulu ingase ibe yinhle ngokumelene nesihlabathi se-silica, kodwa uma ihlezi ishaywa isando sensimbi ye-manganese, ungase uthole ukuphuka okuyinhlekelele. Kwesinye isikhathi, udinga okokusebenza okuthambile, okunikela kakhulu engxenyeni eyodwa yesistimu ukuze uvikele ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ebizayo ezansi nomfula. Kumayelana nokuphatha indlela yokuguga kuyo yonke inqubo, hhayi nje ukuthenga into enzima kakhulu kuyo yonke ingxenye.
Lokhu kucabanga kwezinhlelo yikhona okuhlukanisa umphakeli wezingxenye nozakwethu wezixazululo. Kudinga ukubuza imibuzo eminingi ngaphambili: Yini egqoke ngokumelene nayo? Lithini izinga lokushisa? Ingabe kukhona ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali? Ithini i-engeli yomthelela? Ifakwe kanjani? Uyini umjikelezo wempilo olindelekile? Izimpendulo ziqondisa yonke into kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuya endleleni yokusakaza kuya ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva.
Ukubheka Emuva Ukuqhubekela Phambili
Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ubona amaphethini. Izinkampani ezihlala kulo mkhakha, njenge-QSY ngeminyaka yazo engama-30, azigcini nje ngokuphila ngentengo. Bakhe inqolobane yokuhlaziya ukwehluleka nezindaba zempumelelo. Baye bafunda, kaningi ngendlela enzima, ukuthi a ingxenye engagugi kuyisithembiso sesikhathi. Akuyona impahla. Inani alikho kukhilogremu yensimbi; isemahoreni okusebenza ayilethayo ngaphambi kokudinga ukushintshwa.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ikusasa lilele ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile kokuklama, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, nokulawula inqubo. Mhlawumbe ukulingisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwamaphethini okugqoka ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, noma ukuhlola okuthuthukisiwe okungabhubhisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzwakala kwangaphakathi ezingxenyeni zabalingisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umgomo uhlala ufana: ukufanisa izinto ezifanele, ezibunjwe futhi ziphathwe ngendlela efanele, kusethi eqondile kakhulu yamandla abhubhisayo. Kuyindida engapheli, kodwa yilokho okwenza isebenze ngempela. Akukona nje mayelana nobulukhuni. Noma ubani okutshela ngenye indlela cishe akakachithanga isikhathi esanele endaweni yokulungisa, ebuka ingxenye ehlulekile futhi ezibuza ukuthi uzozamani ngokulandelayo.
