Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'izinkampani zokuphonsa isihlabathi', babona ngeso lengqondo indawo emnyama egcwele uthuli, ethela nje insimbi esikhunjeni sesihlabathi. Leso isithombe sakudala, kodwa cishe ama-20% wendaba namuhla. Inselele yangempela, nalapho amaphrojekthi amaningi echitheka khona, akukhona ukulingisa ngokwako—yikho konke okwenzekayo ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ishaye esihlabathini nangemva kwesikhathi eside iphole. Yimpendulo yedizayini, ukwenziwa kwephethini, ukwenziwa kwemishini kwangemuva kokusakazwa, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ngemuva kwakho. Uma usanda kuthenga ukulingisa, cishe ushiya inani—nokwethenjelwa—phezu kwetafula.
Umbono Oyiphutha Oyinhloko: Kuyinto Nje Yempahla
Amaqembu amaningi okuthenga aphatha ukwenza isihlabathi njengokuthenga okulula. Thumela umdwebo, thola isaphulelo, khetha eshibhe kakhulu, linda izingxenye. Leyo ndlela iyindlela yokwelapha ikhanda. Inqubo yokuphonsa isihlabathi iguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa lokho kuguquguquka kusho ukuthi umphumela uncike kakhulu ebuchwephesheni be-Foundry. Usayizi wokusanhlamvu wesihlabathi, isistimu yokuhlanganisa (isihlabathi esiluhlaza uma siqhathaniswa ne-resin-bonded, isibonelo), idizayini yokufaka isango—lena akuyona imininingwane emincane. Banquma izici zemishini, ukuphela kwendawo, kanye nethuba lokukhubazeka okufihliwe njenge-shrinkage porosity.
Ngibone izingxenye eziklanywe kahle zehluleka ekuhlolweni ngenxa yokuthi isisekelo esikhethiwe ngokusekelwe enanini sisebenzise isistimu yesihlabathi engafaneleki kangako kujiyomethri, okuholela ekupholiseni okungaguquki. Umdwebo ububiza ibanga elithile le-iron ductile, futhi umbiko wekhemistri wafanelana, kodwa i-microstructure yayingeyinhle ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokupholisa kusikhunta lalingalungile. I-Foundry yenza lokho kanye okwakusephrintiwe, kodwa ukuphrinta akuzange—futhi akukwazanga—ukucacisa imingcele yenqubo ye-Foundry. Yilelo gebe.
Yilapho abadlali asebezinze isikhathi eside bezihlukanisa khona. Akukhona ngokuba nezithando zomlilo ezinkulu; kumayelana nokuba nobunjiniyela be-metallurgical kanye nezinqubo zasendlini ukuze ziqondise umklamo. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni yabo engu-30 ekubumbeni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, cishe inalolo lwazi olugxilile lwenqubo. Ungabathola esizeni sabo, tsngtaocnc.com. Ukugxila kwabo akukhona nje ekwenzeni isikhunta; kubalwe khona lapho: ziyahlanganisa ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali ubuchwepheshe nge CNC imishini. Lokho kuwuphawu lokuthi bacabanga ngalo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, hhayi nje isinyathelo sokuqala.
Isixhumanisi Esibalulekile: Ukusuka ekulingiseni kuya kuMachining
Lona ngokungangabazeki umshayeli wezindleko ezinganakwa kakhulu. I-sand casting iphuma nama-engeli asalungiswa, imigqa yokuhlukanisa, nezinto ezidlulele (isango nesikhuphukeli sesistimu). Ukuyicupha kube izilinganiso zokugcina kunikezwe. Kodwa uma umphakeli wokusakaza kanye nesitolo somshini kuyizinhlangano ezihlukene, uthola umdlalo wokusola. Umakhi uthola indawo eqinile noma indawo engenalutho engaphansi komhlaba, futhi kuwukulwa ngokuthi ubani iphutha—indawo yokukhipha izinto ezimbi noma elomshini wokusika kakhulu.
Abahlinzeki abahlanganisiwe, labo bayiqiniso izinkampani zokuphonsa isihlabathi ukuthi futhi ukuphatha machining, susa lokho. Bangabanikazi bayo yonke inqubo kusukela ensimbi encibilikisiwe kuya engxenyeni eqediwe. Kwa-QSY, basho ngokucacile ukusebenza ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, insimbi, i-stainless, nama-alloys akhethekile afana ne-cobalt ne-nickel-based. Ukwenza lezi zinto, ikakhulukazi ama-superalloy, kuwumsebenzi okhethekile ngokwako. Ukuba ne-casting kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa idizayini yokulingisa ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza kahle—mhlawumbe bangeze isitokwe esithe xaxa endaweni ekhohlisayo bazi ukuthi umnyango wabo we-CNC uzosisingatha. Sebevele bafake isandla ekuhlanekezeleni ekwelapheni ukushisa ngaphambi kokusikwa kokuqala. Ayinamthungo.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yomzimba we-valve ku-stainless 316. Amasampula okuqala avela kumnikezeli we-Foundry-kuphela asebenza kahle, anokuxoxa ngamathuluzi nokuguga okufakwa ngokushesha. Silethe inkinga kumhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe. Isixazululo sabo sasicashile: balungisa amaphiko okupholisa esikhunjini kancane ukuze baguqule ukulandelana kokuqina, okuholela ebukhuni obufanayo obuningi ezindaweni ezizokwenziwa ngomshini. Umdwebo awuzange ushintshe, kodwa ingxenye yabalingisi yayisebenza ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Lolo hlobo lokulungiswa luvela kuphela ekulawuleni zombili izinqubo.
Ukukhetha Okubalulekile Akuyona Nje Imenyu Yokudonsela Phansi
Amaklayenti avame ukuza ethi, Ngiyidinga ngensimbi engagqwali. Kulungile, kodwa iyiphi? 304 ngokugqwala okuvamile? 316 ngama-chloride? Noma okulinganayo kwe-CF8M? Futhi ingabe okomthwalo wesakhiwo noma ukuqukatha uketshezi nje? Ukukhetha kuthinta ngokuqondile inqubo yokukhipha isihlabathi. Amabala e-Austenitic anezinga eliphezulu lokushwabana—adinga amasistimu okukhuphuka aqinile aklanywe umuntu owazi leyo ndlela yokuziphatha yengxubevange ethile.
Yilapho okukhulunywa khona ngama-alloys akhethekile kuphrofayili yenkampani. Uma a inkampani yokuphonsa isihlabathi ibala ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel noma asekelwe ku-cobalt, ingitshela ukuthi kungenzeka abhekene nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesevisi ezigqwala kakhulu. Cabanga ngezingxenye ze-turbine, ama-impeller amapompo amakhemikhali anokhahlo. Lena akuyona imisebenzi ejwayelekile. Ukuthela la ma-alloys kudinga ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-atmosphere evikelayo, futhi i-sand mold chemistry kufanele ihambisane ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela kwendawo. Iligi ehlukile kune-cast iron iron for counterweight.
Ngenza iphutha kanye, ngiphusha ingxubevange ye-nickel yokuphathelene ngokushisa okuphezulu ngoba izakhiwo zeshidi ledatha beziphelele. Angizange ngibonisane ngokujulile ngokwanele ne-Foundry kuqala. Kuvele ukuthi ingxubevange yayidume ngokudabukisayo ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi ngohlelo lwesihlabathi ababelusebenzisa. Kwadingeka sihlehle, sishintshele ebangeni elingasakazwa kakhudlwana, futhi sakhe kabusha izakhiwo ezihluke kancane. Isifundo: ukukhethwa kwempahla kuyingxoxo ne-Foundry's metallurgist, hhayi isinqumo sobunjiniyela ababodwa.
Imininingwane Engathandeki Eyenza Noma Ephula Iphrojekthi
Ukwenza amaphethini. Kuyizindleko ezingaphambili wonke umuntu afuna ukuzinciphisa, kodwa kuyisisekelo sakho konke. Iphethini yokhuni eshibhile, esontekile izokhiqiza isikhunta esingaguquki unomphela. Emiqhudelwaneni yokukhiqiza, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphethini yensimbi ehlala isikhathi eside, ezinzile (ngokuvamile i-aluminium noma insimbi) akuxoxiswana ngayo. Kuhle izinkampani zokuphonsa isihlabathi uzokhuluma ngalokhu. Bangase bakuphathele ngisho nokwenza iphethini, okuyinzuzo enkulu.
Bese kuba nemibhalo yekhwalithi. Ukulingisa kwezinga lezentengiso kungase kuvele kuthole ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo. Ingxenye ebalulekile idinga isitifiketi esibalulekile (umbiko wokuhlolwa komshini), okungenzeka ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic noma i-ultrasonic ukuze kuzwakale umsindo wangaphakathi, kanye nemibiko yokuhlola ye-athikili yokuqala. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi izinga olidingayo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amakhono omphakeli ayahambisana. Isitolo esenza futhi ukunemba kwemishini ngokuvamile sisethelwa leli zinga lamadokhumenti, njengoba kuyinqobo ezitolo zemisebenzi yokwenza ngomshini.
Isikhathi sokuhola singesinye isithiyo esisebenzayo. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukwenza isihlabathi kuyashesha ngoba kuyinqubo elula. Ukudala iphethini entsha, ukufaneleka kwezihloko zokuqala, ukusetha imigqa yokubumba-okuthatha isikhathi. Ukuthela kwangempela kuyashesha. Ukuhlela okungokoqobo okuvela kumhlinzeki oqeqeshiwe kulandisa zonke lezi zinyathelo. Isithembiso sesikhathi sokuhola samasonto amabili sengxenye entsha, eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile ifulegi elibomvu.
Ukubheka Umsebenzi Wangempela Womhlaba
Ake sibuyele emuva kuleso sibonelo se I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Amakhono abo asohlwini avuliwe tsngtaocnc.com penda isithombe sohlobo oluthile lokusebenza. Bayakhuluma ukubunjwa kwegobolondo, okuyisinyathelo esingaphezu kwesihlabathi esiluhlaza esivamile ngokunemba kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ivolumu emaphakathi, izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukumatanisa lokho ukutshala imali (ngokunemba okuphezulu nakakhulu) nokugcwele CNC imishini iphakamisa ukuthi baqondise ingxenye yemakethe edinga izingxenye ezilungele ukuzifaka, hhayi ukulingisa okungalungile.
Ibanga lazo lezinto ezibonakalayo—kusuka kuma-ayina okusansimbi avamile nezinsimbi kuya kuma-alloys angavamile—libonisa ukusethwa okuncibilika okuguquguqukayo, mhlawumbe iziko elingashintsha phakathi kwama-alloys ngokuhlanza okufanele. Kumthengi, lokhu kuyisihluthulelo. Kusho ukuthi uma i-prototype yakho iqala nge-carbon steel kodwa idinga ukuthuthela ku-stainless for corrosion, ungase ungadingi ukuthola umhlinzeki omusha. Bangakwazi ukubhekana nalolo shintsho, baqonde izici ezihlukahlukene zokulingisa.
I-takeaway lapho uhlola noma yikuphi inkampani yokuphonsa isihlabathi wukubheka lolu hlobo lokuhlanganiswa okuqondile nobubanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo. Akusona isiqinisekiso sokuphelela, kodwa kuyinkomba eqinile yokuthi bayawuqonda umjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele wengxenye. Cishe baxazulule izinkinga zokuqondanisa phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza imishini, futhi kungenzeka babhekane nekhanda elibuhlungu lokuthola isitifiketi. Kulo mkhakha, lowo mlando oqoqiwe, osebenzayo wokuxazulula izinkinga—uhlobo oluvela eminyakeni engu-30 yokusebenza—uyimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu abangaba nayo, nawe njengekhasimende. Ishintsha ukuthenga okulula kokusakaza kube ubambiswano lokukhiqiza.
