Uma uzwa 'ama-valve ensimbi engenasici', izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde ezingxenyeni ezipholishiwe, ezibukeka kahle kakhulu kukhathalogi. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iqiniso liwumhlaba wokushisa, isikali, nokuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-metallurgy, i-geometry, nezindleko. Akukhona nje ngokuthela 316 okuncibilikisiwe esikhunjeni; imayelana nokuphatha ukuqina kokuqina emzimbeni oyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali valve castings ube nobuqotho bokuphatha i-1000 PSI nemidiya edlayo, hhayi nje ukubukeka kukuhle eshidini elicacisiwe. Ngibone amadizayini amaningi kakhulu asebenza ku-CAD kodwa okuyiphupho elibi ukuwasakaza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha okubizayo noma, okubi nakakhulu, ukwehluleka kwenkundla.
Inselele Eyinhloko: Konke Ku-Geometry
Imizimba yama-valve iyinkinga ngokwemvelo kwabasunguli. Akuwona amabhlogo alula. Uneziphaseji eziphambanayo, ukujiya kwezindonga ezihlukene ezizungeze izindawo zechweba, kanye nobuso obubucayi be-flange. I-thermal dynamics ngesikhathi sokupholisa iyiphupho elibi uma lingalawulwa. Ingxenye ewugqinsi edla udonga oluncane? Leyo indawo eshisayo elinde ukudala i-shrinkage porosity, khona lapho isilinganiso sokucindezela sibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima ekuhleleni kokuqala kwemizimba yama-valve esangweni. Idizayini yeklayenti yayinephrofayili enhle, ehlangene, kodwa ukuhlelwa okuyisisekelo kwakucishe kungenzeki ukuba kuphume kahle. Umphumela waba izinga le-scrap elingu-30% kusuka ku-porosity yangaphakathi etholwe ngesikhathi somshini. Isifundo kwakungesona nje mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okungcono; kwakumayelana nokubandakanyeka esigabeni sokuklama ukuze kuphakanyiswe ama-engeli asalungiswa acashile kanye ne-transition radii eyenza insimbi igeleze futhi inciphe ngendlela ebikezelwayo.
Yilapho ukukhetha kwenqubo ye-Foundry kuba bucayi. Eziphasejini eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi zeglobhu noma i-valve yebhola, ukubumba igobolondo kuvame ukunikeza ukuqedwa okungcono kwendawo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu kunesihlabathi esiluhlaza. Kodwa kumavalvu esango amakhulu, anengxenye esindayo, i-gating eqinile kanye nesistimu ekhuphukayo esikhunjeni sesihlabathi ingase yonge kakhulu ukuvimbela ukushwabana. Ukuhwebelana. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi nge I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) lapho senza i-prototyping uchungechunge lwemizimba yama-valve ensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Izici zokuqiniswa kwezinto ziyaxaka. Ithimba labo, elincike kulwazi lwalo lwesikhunta segobolondo, liphakamise idizayini eguquliwe yokufaka isango efunza insimbi kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, okunciphise isiyaluyalu nokufakwa kwe-oxide. Kwakungeyona indlela yezincwadi zokufunda, kodwa yasebenza. Ungabona indlela yabo yamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi esizeni sabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – kuncane mayelana nezimangalo eziwubukhazikhazi nokunye okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokufanisa inqubo, okuyiqiniso.
Bese kuba khona isibonelelo somshini. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuyehlisa ukuze wonge ezindlekweni zokwenza imishini. Kodwa uma uyisika ibe mncane kakhulu, ukushintsha kancane ekulingiseni noma ukungapheleli kwendawo kusho ukuthi ingxenye isiphelile ngemuva kokuthi utshale imali ekulingiseni. Silinganisa isibonelelo esingu-3mm ebusweni obubucayi kuningi lethu insimbi engagqwali ama-valve castings, kodwa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okukhulu, singase sikukhuphule lokho. Kuyisivikelo seqiniso. Umakhi wemishini udinga okuthile azosebenza ngakho, ikakhulukazi uma ubambe ukubekezelelana okungu-+/-0.5mm kubukhulu obuphakathi nendawo nobuso.
I-Material Maze: 304, 316, CF8M, kanye naBeyond
Vele ukwenze ku-316. Lokho kuyisicelo esivamile. Kodwa 316 yini? Sakaza okulingana ne-CF8M? Usebenze amabha angu-316 ukuze uthole ingxenye ehlukile? Amakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ziyehluka. I-casting alloy kufanele ibe ne-fluidity enhle futhi imelane nokudabuka okushisayo. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kuphezulu. Uma ungaqondile, uzothola ingxenye ephumelela ukuhlolwa kwesibhamu se-PMI se-Cr/Ni/Mo kodwa ingase ingabi namandla okusebenza adingekayo kusevisi ye-cryogenic. Ngichithe amahora ngicacisa imininingwane ebalulekile kuma-PO. Akukona ukuhamba ngezinyawo; kuvimbela i-valve ukuthi ingaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi.
Bese kuba nama-alloys akhethekile wenkonzo enzima. Sisebenze kuphrojekthi edinga ama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel ukuze kufakwe igesi emuncu. Ukulingisa ngokwako bekuyingxenye yempi. Umjikelezo wokwelapha ukushisa ngemva kokusakazwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukumelana nokugqwala okudingekayo kanye nokukhulula ingcindezi bekuwumdanso obucayi. Ngokushesha kakhulu, uzifaka engozini yokuqhekeka; kancane kakhulu, uthola imvula engathandeki. Ukulawulwa kwesithando somlilo se-Foundry kanye ne-post-casting QA kuba okuhamba phambili. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, ebala ama-alloys akhethekile afana ne-cobalt ne-nickel-based ebangeni lawo lempahla, iyakuqonda lokhu. Akukhona nje ngokuba nengxubevange; kumayelana nokuba nenqubo elawulwayo yokuselapha. Ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside, njengoba kuphawulwe kusingeniso sabo, kusikisela lolo lwazi lwenqubo oluqoqiwe, okuyilo okuthengayo ngempela.
Futhi ake sikhulume ngokulungiswa kwe-weld. Ngokuvamile ziyadingeka, kodwa ziyifulegi elibomvu kwabanye abasebenzisi bokugcina. Okubalulekile yinqubo kanye nemibhalo. Ukulungiswa okuncane endaweni engabalulekile ngokulandela i-WPS eqeqeshiwe kuyinto eyodwa. Ukulungiswa okubanzi odongeni oluqukethe ingcindezi kungenye. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uwukuklama nokucubungula ukuze kuncishiswe ukulungisa, kodwa uma kwenzeka, ukulandeleka okugcwele akuxoxiswana ngakho. Isisekelo esihle sizoba nalolo hlelo lugxilile.
Ukusuka Ekulingiseni Okubi kuye Engxenyeni Eqediwe: I-Machining Handoff
Yilapho amaphrojekthi amaningi ekhubeka khona. Ukusakaza okuhle kufika esitolo semishini, futhi abakwazi ukusungula i-datum ethembekile. Noma bathola indawo eqinile echitha ithuluzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusakazwa nomshini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, noma okungenani ngaphansi kokuxhumana okuqinile, kuyinzuzo enkulu. Umakhi wemishini udinga ukuqonda ukuchezuka okungenzeka kokulingisa, futhi i-Foundry idinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezibalulekile ekulungisweni.
Ngikubonile ukusethwa lapho i-Foundry ihlinzeka ngama-cast lugs noma abaphathi ngokukhethekile ukuze umakhi wemishini asebenzise njengamaphoyinti okubamba, asuswa kamuva. Kulula, ukusebenzisana okuhle kakhulu. Lapho isibunzi nomshini kuyizinto ezihlukene, ukukhomba ngomunwe kuqala lapho ubukhulu bungasekho. Ingabe bekuwukushintsha okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, noma ingabe ingxenye eyayigcizelelwe ngesikhathi sokubopha? Umdlalo wabaseshi obizayo. Imodeli yokunikela kokubili ukulingisa kanye CNC imishini, njengoba i-QSY yenza, inciphisa lokhu. Iluphu yempendulo ingaphakathi. Ithimba lemishini litshela ithimba elilingisayo mayelana nodonga oluncane olungaguquki endaweni ethile, futhi iphethini ingalungiselelwa umgijimo olandelayo. Lokho kuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kunzima ukukulinganisa esicashuni kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuqedwa kobuso kungenye indawo yokuthinta. Indawo efana ne-as-cast evela ekubunjweni kwegobolondo ingase ilungele amaphaseji athile angaphakathi, kodwa izindawo zokuvala zizodinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. I-callout emdwebeni idinga ukukhombisa lokhu. Ukucacisa i-63 Ra endaweni eyi-as-cast kuyiphupho. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini efinyelelekayo ohlelweni futhi uhlele izinyathelo zokukhiqiza ngendlela efanele.
Ikhwalithi: Ngaphezu Kwesitifiketi
Wonke umuntu ufuna i-MTR (Umbiko Wokuhlola Okubalulekile) kanye nombiko we-hydrotest. Lokho izigxobo zetafula. Ikhwalithi yangempela ikuzilawuli zenqubo ongakaze uzibone. Ihambisana kangakanani ikhemikhali yokuncibilika ukusuka ekushiseni kuya ekushiseni? Ngabe isikhunta nama-cores kuhlolwa kanjani ngaphambi kokuthululwa? Ithini iphrothokholi yokuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT)? Okubalulekile ama-valve castings, sisuke ku-radiography yendawo engahleliwe saya ku-100% ye-radiography yezindonga eziqukethe ingcindezi. Yenyusa izindleko, kodwa yaqeda ubungozi bokungatholakali kwendlela yokuvuza. Kuyisinqumo sezentengiso esisekelwe engcupheni yesicelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional kuyisilwane sakhona. Ukuhlola izilinganiso zokhiye abambalwa ngama-caliper akwanele kumzimba we-valve oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlolwa Kwendatshana Yokuqala (i-FAI) nge-CMM ngesampula kubalulekile. Kodwa noma kunjalo, uhlola isampula. Ukuvumelana kwenqubo yokubumba yilokho okuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zilungile. Lokho kubuyela ebuhleni be-Foundry nokugcinwa kwamathuluzi. Ipuleti lephethini eligugile lizokhukhuleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane.
Ekugcineni, ukupakisha nokuthunyelwa. Kuzwakala njengento encane, kodwa ukukhala ebusweni be-flange kusuka ekufakweni okungalungile kungenza ukulingisa kungenzeki. I-crating efanele, ukuvinjwa, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo ezinomshini nezisakazwayo kuyisinyathelo sokugcina, esivame ukunganakwa, sekhwalithi. Ingubo yochwepheshe ithola lokhu kahle ngaphandle kokutshelwa.
I-Real-World Cost Equation
Intengo ngekhilogremu iyindlela eyingozi yokuqhathanisa insimbi engagqwali valve castings. Ukulingisa okushibhe kakhulu kuvame ukuba ingxenye ebiza kakhulu uma usufake izinsalela zomshini, ukulethwa okubambezelekile, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Inani lisenani lesivuno, ukungaguquguquki kobukhulu, nosekelo lobuchwepheshe. I-Foundry ebuza imibuzo enemininingwane mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza yileyo ecabanga ukuthi yenziwa kanjani ingxenye, hhayi nje ukuba khona.
Imisebenzi enevolumu ephansi, exubene kakhulu iyisivivinyo sangempela. Ukusetha ama-valve akhethekile angama-50 kuhlukile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza luka-5000. Izindleko zephethini, ubunjiniyela bamabhokisi ayinhloko, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo—lezi zincishiswa ngezingxenye ezimbalwa. Yilapho ukuguquguquka kwe-Foundry kanye nokuzimisela ukuhlanganyela ezisombululweni kuzuza khona. Akukhona ngokuba nesithando somlilo esikhulu kunazo zonke; kumayelana nokuba nengqondo efanele yomsebenzi onzima, onevolumu ephansi.
Ekugcineni, ukukhishwa kwamavalvu ensimbi engagqwali okuphumelelayo kwehla kubambisene. Kuyingxoxo phakathi komklami, umsunguli, nomakhi wemishini. Umgomo uwukuhumusha imfuneko esebenzayo ibe yijiyomethri eqinile, ekhiqizwayo, ku-alloy elungile, ngendlela ebikezelwayo nesobala eya engxenyeni eqediwe, enokwethenjelwa. Kungcolile, kuyaphindaphinda, futhi kugcwele ukuvumelana. Kodwa uma ulungisa kahle, lokho kusakazwa kokungaziphathi kahle, okubukeka kabi kuba inhliziyo yevalvu esebenza amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle komcabango wesibili. Yilokho ukuphela kwangempela okubalulekile.
