Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'i-valve yensimbi engagqwali', bafanekisela ucezu lwehadiwe elicwebezelayo, elingabhubhi. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iqiniso limbi kakhulu futhi liyathakazelisa kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngezinto ezibonakalayo; kumayelana nesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu kusukela ekubunjweni, ukubekezelelana kwemishini, izinga elithile eliphikisana ne-cocktail ethile yamakhemikhali, kanye nokuhweba okungenakugwemeka. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu acacisa i-valve ejwayelekile engu-304 noma engu-316 yayo yonke into, kuphela ukubhekana nokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ensimini. I-polish i-facade nje. Indaba yangempela isensimbi kanye nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza ngemuva kwayo.
Isisekelo: Iqala ngokulingisa
Awukwazi ukufaka i-valve ethembekile kusukela ekubunjweni okubi. Kulapho amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho, njengalokho okuthola emsebenzini osekunesikhathi eside, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngikhumbula ngihlola inqwaba ye i-valve yensimbi engagqwali imizimba yomugqa wokuphakela ngamakhemikhali. Ephepheni, ayengama-316L. Ngokubukeka, babelungile. Kodwa ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokungena kodayi, inethiwekhi ye-micro-shrinkage porosity yavela, khona kanye esigabeni esibalulekile sodonga. Lelo qoqo lalimiselwe indawo ye-chloride. Bekuyoba ukuvuza okulinde ukwenzeka. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo ye-Foundry-indlela abaphatha ngayo izinga lokushisa elithelayo, isikhunta, namazinga okupholisa-yikho konke. Inkampani ebilokhu ikugeyimu yokulingisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, njenge-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ibingaxazulula lezi zimo ngokuphindaphinda nje. Ukugxila kwabo ekubunjeni kwegobolondo kanye nokutshala izimali kuyisihluthulelo sama-valve; lezi zindlela zinikeza ukunemba okungcono kwe-dimensional kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo eziphasejini zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezithile zokuphonsa isihlabathi, okusho ukucutshungulwa okuncane kokulungiswa kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina ongaguquguquki.
Ukukhetha okubalulekile esiteji sokulingisa ngesinye isinqumo esimanundu. Insimbi engagqwali iyisigaba esikhulu. Ngolayini wamanzi ojwayelekile, i-CF8 (okulingana nokhonkolo okungu-304) ingase yanele. Kepha ngezicelo zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezinesifutho sikasawoti esihlala njalo, ubheka ibanga eliyi-super duplex, into efana ne-F55. Ubunzima bokulingisa bugxuma kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwengxubevange kufanele kubanjwe ngaphakathi kwefasitela elicinene kakhulu, futhi ukukhishwa kokwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kufinyelele ibhalansi efanele ye-ferrite-austenite kubalulekile. Ngike ngabona ama-valve eqhekeka ngesikhathi somshini ngoba umjikelezo wokwelapha ukushisa wawucinywe ngamadigri ambalwa. Kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukusebenza kwe-valve kukhiyelwe ngaphakathi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ifike ebhentshini lomhlangano.
Yilapho okukhethekile kuma-alloys akhethekile, njengalawo asekelwe ku-nickel, kuba khona ukubaluleka. Sibe nephrojekthi ehilela umhwamuko oshisayo we-acetic acid. I-Standard 316L ngabe ihlafuniwe. Isixazululo kwakuyi-valve body cast from Alloy 20Cb3. Ikhono le-Foundry ukuphatha ama-exotics anjalo akuyona ibha eseceleni; ikhono eliwumongo lokubhekana nesevisi eyonakalisayo. Akukhona ngokuba nengxubevange ohlwini; kumayelana nokwazi ukuyiphonsa ngaphandle kokuyenga izinyembezi ezishisayo noma ukuhlukaniswa.
Imishini: Lapho Ukunemba Kuhlangana Khona Nokusebenza
Ukulingisa kuwumfanekiso omahhadlahhadla. Imishini iyenza iphile. Futhi nali iqiniso elisebenzayo: isu lomshini we- i-valve yensimbi engagqwali umzimba wehlukile kulowo webhulokhi yensimbi ethambile. I-stainless work-hardens. Uma ithuluzi lakho lingacijile, isivinini sakho nokuphakelayo akulungile, uzoshisa ingaphezulu kunokuba usike, udale ungqimba oluqinile, oluphukayo olungaqala ukuqhekeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomjikelezo. Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi, ngikhiqiza isethi yama-valve wedge ayegingqika futhi abanjwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokuqala. Isiphetho sasisihle, kodwa sinamaphutha ekusebenzeni.
Izikhungo zemishini ye-CNC zihlinzeka ngokuphindaphinda, kodwa ulwazi lomhleli yilo oluyenza ithembeke. Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kubalulekile. Ingabe uyalikhuhla iphakethe lesihlalo ngaphambi noma ngemva kokubhoboza imbobo yesiqu? Uwulungisa kanjani umzimba onomumo oyinqaba ukuze uthole ukudlula kokugcina ebusweni be-flange ngaphandle kokunciphisa ingcindezi? Kumavalvu amaningi anezimbobo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, lokhu kuba iphazili ye-3D. Isitolo esinolwazi olujulile lwe-CNC, ongasikala ngengxenye yamaphothifoliyo kumasayithi afana ne-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, sivamise ukuba nalokhu kugeleza komsebenzi kugxilile. Abagcini nje ngokusika insimbi; baphethe ingcindezi eyinsalela futhi bagcina izithenjwa zedatha kukho konke ukusetha okuningi.
Bese kuba nesiphetho. I-microfinish engu-32 Ra esihlalweni sevalvu yebhola ingase icaciswe. Ukufeza lokho endaweni engagqwali ekhonjiwe, ngokungaguquki, kumakhulu amayunithi, kuwumsebenzi wezandla. Ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuphenduka kwe-CNC bese kuba umsebenzi ozinikele wokulaphulela noma wokugaya. Ngike ngavakashela izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi lapho lesi sinyathelo sokugcina sisasenziwa ngochwepheshe abangomakadebona 'abangezwa' isiphetho. Yile nhlanganisela ye-CNC yesimanje nekhono elithintekayo elivame ukukhiqiza izindawo zokuvala ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
I-Assembly & Testing Pitfalls
Yilapho izingxenye ezinhle zingaba yi-valve embi. Ukuhlanganisa kubonakala kuqondile: hlanganisa umzimba, ukunquma (isiqu, ibhola, isihlalo), bese uhlanganisa ndawonye. Kodwa udeveli usemininingwaneni. Iphutha elivamile ukunyakazisa ngokweqile umlandeli we-gland ku-valve ye-stem ekhuphukayo. Lokhu kulimaza ukupakisha, kudala ukungqubuzana ngokweqile esiqwini, futhi kuholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye ne-valve esebenza kanzima. Ama-torque specs akhona ngesizathu, nokho awavamile ukushaywa indiva phansi esitolo ngokujaha ukuqedela i-oda.
Ukuhlola kungenye indawo enokwehluka okubanzi. Ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo le-hydrostatic kujwayelekile, ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa ingabe ukuhlolwa kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesihlalo sohlangothi esiyingxenye yama-valve avaliwe? Ngesevisi ebalulekile, kufanele. Ngikhumbula icala lapho inqwaba ye insimbi engagqwali ama-valve embulunga aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo kodwa avuza kabuhlungu ekuhlolweni kwesihlalo. Imbangela yalandelwa emuva ekungalungisweni kahle okuncane phakathi nokugaya okokugcina kwediski nesihlalo—inkinga eyayizodalulwa ukuhlolwa kwesihlalo kuphela. Umkhiqizi oqinile uzoba nephrothokholi yokuhlola esesiteji, hhayi nje i-pop eyodwa yokucindezela.
Ake sikhulume ngenhlanzeko. Ngesevisi ye-oxygen noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemithi, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Noma yimaphi amafutha, uthuli, noma izinhlayiya zensimbi ezishiywe emishinini ingaba yingozi yomlilo noma umthombo wokungcoliswa. Indawo yomhlangano idinga ukulawulwa, futhi izinqubo zokuhlanza nokufaka izikhwama kudingeka ziqine. Kuyisici sezindleko esivame ukunganakwa esihlukanisa i-valve yempahla kwethembekile kakhulu.
Ukwehluleka Kwezwe Langempela Nezifundo
Ayikho into efundisa njengokwehluleka. Sake safaka uchungechunge lwamavalvu ebhola angagqwali angu-304 emugqeni wamanzi okupholisa wesitshalo esisogwini (amanzi anosawoti). Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18, sase sibhekene nokuvuza okuzungeze isiqu nezimpawu zomzimba. Icala kwaba ukugqwala kwemifantu. Ngenkathi i-304 inokumelana nokugqwala okuvamile, indawo encane emile phakathi kwesiqu nokupakishwa, nangaphansi kwama-gaskets, yakha amaseli okugxilisa umoya-mpilo. Ama-chloride agxilile, futhi kwaqala ukugoba. Sishintshele kumavalvu angu-316 anomklamo ongcono we-gasket futhi sachaza umjikelezo wokulungisa ovamile. Isifundo: ukukhethwa kwempahla kumele kubhekele indawo ethile, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezimile kanye nemifantu.
Esinye isifundo savela ekubhayisikilini okushisayo. Isethi yamavalvu angu-316L asakazwa emugqeni wokubuyisela we-steam condensate aqale ukuqhekeka ekuxhumekeni kwebhonethi yomzimba ngemva konyaka wesevisi. Uphenyo lukhomba ukukhathala okushisayo. Ukusakaza, kuyilapho umsindo, bekunokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kakhulu ebangeni (emkhawulweni ongaphezulu we-spec). Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokushisisa okusheshayo nokupholisa okuphindaphindiwe, kukhuthaze ukuna kwe-carbide emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, kunciphisa i-ductility. Ukulungiswa kwakuwukuthola ama-valve ngesitifiketi se-L-grade (ikhabhoni ephansi) kanye nomlando olawulwayo wokwelapha ukushisa. Igcizelele ukuthi isitifiketi somshini wephepha siyisiqalo, akusona isiqinisekiso.
Ukuthola kanye Nenani Lozakwethu Okhethekile
Lokhu kungiletha ekutholeni umthombo. Ukuthola umphakeli olawula inqubo ukusuka ekuncibilikeni kuye esitolo somshini kuyinzuzo enkulu. Uma kuphakama inkinga, awubambeki obishini phakathi kwe-Foundry nesitolo somshini nisolana. Umkhiqizi ohlanganiswe ziqonde, noma lowo onobambiswano olugxile ngokujulile njengenkampani eye yavela ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 kusukela ekukhiqizeni imishini enembile, angakwazi ukulandelela inkinga emuva kumsuka wayo. Ingabe kwakuwukufakwa kwe-slag ekulingiseni? Ukudlidliza kwamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini wesihlanu? Bangathola.
Uma sibheka amakhono omhlinzeki, njengalawo ashiwo ku-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ixoxa indaba. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekulingeni nasekufakeni imishini, ukusebenza nge-spectrum kusuka ku-cast iron kuya kuma-nickel alloys—lowo mlando uphakamisa ukuthi bahlangabezane futhi baxazulula ama-gremlin amaningi aqondene nezinto ezithile. Iwebhusayithi yabo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ikhombisa ukugxila ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezibalulekile ekwenziweni kwamavalvu. Uma uhlola a i-valve yensimbi engagqwali ngesicelo esinzima, leyo nqubo amagugu ibaluleke njengomdwebo wokugcina womkhiqizo. Kungumehluko phakathi kokuthenga ingxenye kanye nokuthenga ingxenye enokuqonda okukhiqizwa ngemuva kwayo.
Ekugcineni, ivalvu yensimbi engagqwali enokwethenjelwa iwukuhlangana kwe-metallurgy okulungile, ukubunjwa okunembayo, ukukhanda imishini, nokuhlanganisa ngokucophelela. Akuvamisile ukuba kube inketho eshibhe kakhulu, ngoba ngasinye salezo zinyathelo siyabiza. Kodwa ezinhlelweni zezimboni, izindleko zokwehluleka—ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukukhululwa kwemvelo, izingozi zokuphepha—zinciphisa umehluko wentengo wokuqala. Umgomo awukona ukuthenga ivalvu; okokuthenga umshini ovaliwe, ovimbela ingcindezi ozosebenza ngokubikezela impilo yawo yokuklama. Futhi lokho kudinga ukubheka ngalé kwendawo epholishiwe.
