Uma uzwa 'ukwenziwa kwesihlabathi sensimbi,' isithombe esiseduze sivame ukuba yingxenye eqinile, esindayo, futhi engcolile. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Akukhona nje ngokulahla insimbi encibilikisiwe ebhokisini lesihlabathi. Iqiniso liyinqubo enama-nuanced lapho ukukhetha kwesihlabathi, i-binder, kanye ne-gating design kunquma ukuthi uthola ingxenye esebenzayo noma inqwaba yezinto ezilahliwe. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi inketho 'eshibhile futhi engcolile', kodwa ezinhlelweni ezifana nezisekelo zemishini esindayo, izindikimba ezinkulu zamavalvu, noma izinsimbi ezithile zasolwandle, imvamisa ukuphela kwendlela esebenza ngokobuchwepheshe nangokomnotho yokukhiqiza ivolumu ephansi kuya kwemaphakathi. Iqhinga alikona nje ukwenza ukulingisa; kwenza eyodwa enciphisa ukwenziwa kwemishini elandelayo futhi ihlale kusevisi.
Umongo Wenqubo: Isihlabathi Akusona Isihlabathi Nje
Masithole i-granular. 'Isihlabathi' ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi sensimbi akuvamile ukuthi sibe yisilika ogwini lolwandle. Ngensimbi, ethela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kunensimbi noma i-aluminium, udinga ubuqotho obuphikisayo. Sivamise ukusebenzisa isihlabathi se-chromite noma isihlabathi se-zircon ezindaweni ezibucayi noma izingxenye ezisindayo ukuze sigweme ukushiswa nokonakala kokungena. Kubiza kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zesici esingaphezulu esidinga amahora okugaya noma okuholela endleleni evuzayo engxenyeni ebamba ukucindezela ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ehluleka ngoba azame ukonga u-$0.50 ngekhilogremu esihlabathini, bese bechitha izikhathi eziyishumi lapho besebenza kabusha.
Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa lungenye inkundla yempi. I-Furan resin, i-phenolic urethane, i-sodium silicate ene-CO2 - ngayinye inokuhweba kwayo phakathi kwamandla, ukugoqa (okubalulekile ukugwema ukuklebhula okushisayo kwensimbi), kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo / iphunga. Nge-furan, uma okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kungalawulwa ebangeni lensimbi oyithelayo, ungathola igesi embi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ebonakala kuphela ngemva komshini. Ufunde lokho ngendlela enzima ngenqwaba yezindlu zamaphampu eminyakeni edlule.
Ukwenza amaphethini yilapho ithiyori ihlangana khona nokusebenzayo. Ngensimbi, isibonelelo sokuncipha sicishe sibe ngu-2% - ngaphezu kwensimbi. Kodwa ayifani. Ijiyomethri ende, eboshiwe ingase inciphe kancane, kuyilapho ingxenye yekhiyubhu yamahhala idonsa kakhulu. Unxephezela ngolwazi, ngezinye izikhathi wengeza 'amarula anciphayo' kumaphethini. Okwenkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngomlando wabo weminyaka engu-30, le sizindalwazi sephethini ibaluleke kakhulu. Cishe babonile ukuthi amamaki ensimbi ahlukene aziphatha kanjani ezimeni zabo zaphansi zesitolo, okuwulwazi olungenakususwa. Ngeke ukuthole lokho kumodeli ye-CAD kuphela.
Lapho Ukusakaza Kwesihlabathi Sensimbi Kwenza Kunengqondo (Nalapho Kungenzi khona)
Akusona isixazululo sendawo yonke. Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuphezulu, okunezindonga ezincane, noma amajiyometri angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti noma ukubumba amagobolondo kungase kube ngcono. Kodwa ezingxenyeni ezinesisindo esisuka ku-50kg kuya kumathani amaningana, ezinobumo obulula noma obuyinkimbinkimbi ngokulingene, ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kuyinkosi. Cabanga nge-counterweight ye-excavator, noma ifreyimu enkulu yomshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic. Izindleko zamathuluzi (iphethini yokhuni noma ye-urethane) ziphansi, futhi izinguquko zokuklama kulula ukuzithola.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yomkhiqizi wemishini yezimayini. Babedinga uchungechunge lwezikhala ezinkulu zamagiya, ezingaba ngu-800kg lilinye, ngensimbi engu-4140. Umcabango wokuqala kwakuwukuwenza, kodwa isikhathi sokuhola kanye nezindleko zefa kwakunqatshelwe inani. Sihambe nokusakazwa kwesihlabathi, sisebenzisa isihlabathi se-chromite ukuze sifinyelele indawo engcono yokusakazwa ku-OD yegiya. Isihluthulelo kwakuwumklamo wokuphakela nokukhuphuka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzwakala kwengxenye yehabhu, eyayizothwala amazinyo egiya kamuva. Isebenzile, futhi izindleko zeyunithi zazingaphansi ngo-40% kunekhotheshini engumgunyathi.
Umkhawulo, yiqiniso, ukuphela kwendawo kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-dimensional. Ubheka ubulukhuni obuvamile bobuso be-Ra 12.5-25 μm, futhi ukubekezelela kungokwe-ISO 8062 CT 10-13 ububanzi, kuye ngosayizi. Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele uhlelele izibonelelo zomshini ezicini ezibalulekile zedatha nezindawo zokuvala. Noma ubani olindele ukuqedwa komumo wenetha ngokuqondile kusukela ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi uzibekela indumalo futhi uzosola inqubo ngokungafanele.
Isixhumanisi Esibalulekile: Ukusuka ekulingiseni kuya Engxenyeni Eqediwe
Yilapho ama-Foundries amaningi ehluleka khona, futhi lapho abahlinzeki abahlanganisiwe bengeza inani langempela. Ingxenye yensimbi yesanti cishe ayikaze ibe umkhiqizo wokugcina. Idinga ukwenziwa ngomshini, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa ngokushisisa, nokuhlolwa. Ukuba nekhono lomshini endlini, noma ekuxhumaneni okuqinile njengalokhu QSY enza nge-CNC machining division yabo, iqeda ungqimba olukhulu lwezinto, ukushintsha ukusola, kanye nokungaqondakali kwekhwalithi.
Uma ibhizinisi elifanayo elithela ukusakaza nalo likwenza imishini, banentshisekelo yokuthola ilungelo lokulingisa. Bayazi ukuthi izindawo ezingase zinciphe zikuphi, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukulungisa isitokwe semishini ngokufanele. Baqonda amandla ezindawo eziqinile kusukela ekugodoleni, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukuhlela izindlela zamathuluzi futhi bakhethe okufakiwe ukuze baphathe. Ngike ngaba sezimweni eziningi kakhulu lapho umsunguli esola umenzi wemishini ngokuthi 'akahlanzi,' futhi umshini wemishini usola i-Foundry 'ngezindawo eziqinile kanye ne-voids.' Kungumjikelezo onobuthi obulala amaphrojekthi.
Okwezinto ezinjengama-stainless steels noma lawo ma-alloys akhethekile QSY okukhulunywa ngakho - okusekelwe ku-nickel noma okusekelwe ku-cobalt - lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubaluleke nakakhulu. Lawa ma-alloys anzima emshinini futhi ayabiza. Isici sokuphonsa esicekela phansi ingxenye ethile ngemva kokwenziwa kwemishini engu-80% kuwukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngokwezimali. I-Foundry mindset kufanele inwebe kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani.
Izingibe Ezivamile kanye Nendlela Yokuyeqa
Ama-cold shuts nama-mistruns yizinkinga zakudala ngensimbi ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi. Insimbi ilahlekelwa ukushisa ngokushesha. Uma uhlelo lokungena lude kakhulu noma luncane, noma izinga lokushisa elithululwayo licishiwe ngisho ne-margin encane, insimbi ingaba yiqhwa ngaphambi kokugcwalisa isikhunta. Isixazululo akukhona nje ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa elithelayo - lokho kungabangela ezinye izinkinga ezifana nokushwabana okukhulu nokuguguleka kwesikhunta. Kumayelana nokuklama isistimu yokufaka indawo elungile yokuklinywa, kusetshenziswa ama-ingate amaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokushisisa isikhunta sokubunjwa okukhulu kakhulu, okuyinkimbinkimbi.
I-shrinkage porosity ingesinye isilo esikhulu. Insimbi inokuncipha kwevolumu ephezulu. Udinga izikhuphukeli (iziphakeli) ezinkulu ngokwanele futhi ezibekwe ngendlela efanele ukuphakela insimbi ewuketshezi ezigabeni eziqinisayo zize ziqine ngokugcwele. Ukulingisa ikhompyutha kuyasiza manje, kodwa kusadinga ukuqinisekiswa. Sake salinganisa umzimba we-valve, futhi isofthiwe yathi sidinga izikhuphukeli ezintathu. Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini ofanayo odlule, sisebenzise ezine ezincane kancane ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ukubunjwa komzimba kwakuzwakala; ukulingisa kwakungahluleli kahle kancane ukuguquguquka kokupholisa komgogodla othile wesihlabathi. Isipiliyoni sisahambisana nethiyori emsulwa.
I-Dimensional Drift phezu kokukhiqizwayo ingumbulali ocashile. Amaphethini okhuni angamunca umswakama futhi avuvuke. Inqubo yokubumba ngokwayo ingaba nokuhlukahluka - ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi, ukuguquguquka okuyisisekelo. Ngomsebenzi osebenza isikhathi eside, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlela ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kobukhulu obubalulekile bokusakaza 'kokuqala' ngaphambi kokwenza yonke inqwaba. Isindisa izwe lobuhlungu.
Ebuka Isithombe Esikhulu
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukwenza isihlabathi sensimbi kuwubuciko obufayo? Lutho neze. Iyavela. Okuyisisekelo kokudluliswa kokushisa nokuqinisa akushintshi, kodwa amathuluzi azungezile ayashintsha. Izinhlelo ezingcono zokubuyiselwa kwesihlabathi zenza umqondo wezemvelo nezomnotho. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kokubunjwa kwesihlabathi nama-cores kuvula iminyango ye-prototyping namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi ayekade engenakwenzeka ngamaphethini endabuko, nakuba ngokukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu, ezomnotho zisathanda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuvamile.
Inani langempela, ngokubona kwami, lilele kuma-Foundries alithatha njengesixazululo esinobunjiniyela esikhundleni sempahla. Imayelana nokuqonda lonke uhambo lwengxenye, kusukela kumodeli ye-CAD kuya engxenyeni eqediwe, emshinini ekuhlanganiseni kwekhasimende. Abahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngalokho, ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nokusakazwa nokunemba kwemishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, bahlinzeka ngokwethembeka okunzima ukukufanisa. Uma ubheka umnikelo wenkampani, njengesikhunta segobolondo esididiyelwe, ukutshala imali, kanye nezinsizakalo zomshini ze-CNC ezinemininingwane https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ikhombisa ikhono lokuphatha hhayi nje ukuthela, kodwa ukugcwaliseka kwengxenye esebenzayo. Yilapho lo mkhakha uphokophele khona.
Ekugcineni, kuphumelele insimbi yesihlabathi cast yinkhulumomphendvulwano - phakathi komklami kanye nonjiniyela we-foundry, phakathi kwe-metallurgist kanye nomshini wemishini. Kumayelana nokuphatha okulindelekile, ukuqonda ukuyekethisa, kanye nokusebenzisa amashumi eminyaka eqoqo, kwesinye isikhathi okubuhlungu, ukuguqula insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe into eqinile nethembekile. Akukona nje mayelana nesihlabathi.
