Bheka, lapho abantu abaningi bezwa izimpawu ze-Stellite, bacabanga ngokushesha ukuthi abanakubhujiswa. Iphutha lokuqala lelo. Ingxubevange ye-cobalt-chromium, yebo, iqine kakhulu futhi imelana nokugqokwa, ukubola, nokugqwala. Kodwa ukushaya i-Stellite endaweni ethwalayo akuyona into ewumlingo. Ngibone imiklamo ihluleka ngoba othile uyicacisele isicelo esingalungile, ukucabanga ubulukhuni bubodwa buxazulula yonke into. Iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu-imayelana nokuqonda ukuthi lobo bunzima busebenza kuphi, lapho bungase bube bukhulu kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ukuletha kanjani engxenyeni ngokuthembekile.
Ingxubevange Ngokwayo Futhi Lapho Ikhanya Khona Empeleni
I-Stellite ayiyona ifomula eyodwa. Unamamaki afana no-6, 12, 21... ngalinye linama-tweaks ku-tungsten, ikhabhoni, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum. Ngama-bearings, uvamise ukuba sendaweni ye-Stellite 6 noma abazala bayo. Ubuhle bayo obuyinhloko akubona nje ubulukhuni (okuphezulu lapho, cishe ku-40-50 HRC njengoba i-cast, ephakeme uma iqinile), kodwa ikhono layo lokugcina lobo bunzima emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kanye nokumelana kwayo okuseduze kokubanjwa. Lokhu kwenza kube uhambo oluya ezimeni lapho ukuthambisa kuncane, kukhawuke, noma kungenzeki—cabanga ngemikhono yepompo enodaka olubi, ama-valve trunnions kusitimu onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, noma izindawo ezithile kuzixube ezisebenza kakhulu.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yeklayenti lokucubungula amakhemikhali. Babenejenali ye-shaft yensimbi engagqwali eguga emavikini ngenxa yenhlanganisela yokuchayeka kwe-asidi epholile kanye ne-particulate carryover. Ukugcotshwa kwakungeyona indlela. Siphakamise a I-Stellite bear ukumbozwa kwemikhono kujenali. Ukhiye bekungekona nje ukukhetha okubalulekile, kodwa ukucacisa i-Stellite 6B yokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kancane ngaphezu kokujwayelekile okungu-6. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile phansi.
I-flip side? Ishwaqana. Awukwazi ukuthatha ingxenye ehlanganiswe ne-Stellite futhi ulindele ukuthi imelane nokushaqeka okukhulu noma imithelela yamaphuzu. Izoqhweba noma iqhekeke. Ngifunde lokho kusenesikhathi ngohlelo lwe-rock crusher. Ukucaciswa kudinga ukumbondela kwe-Stellite endlini enezinhlamvu, kodwa idizayini ayizange ibale insimbi ye-tramp eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Umphumela: ukuqhuma okuyinhlekelele ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Bekufanele sibuyele kweqinile, nakuba ingagugi kangako, into eyisisekelo enobuso obunzima bendawo.
I-Crucible Yokukhiqiza: Ukusakaza vs. Imbondela
Yilapho irabha ihlangana khona nomgwaqo. Awuvamisile ukusakaza ingxenye enkulu ye-Stellite eqinile—ibiza ngokunqamulelayo futhi nobunzima bokusakaza kwenqwaba yomsindo ibalulekile. Indlela evamile, engabizi kakhulu ukusebenzisa imbondela ye-Stellite ku-substrate eqinile, ene-ductile efana ne-carbon steel noma 316 stainless.
Kulapho ikhono lenqubo kazakwethu liba bucayi khona. Izinkampani ezilokhu zisebenza ngokunemba kanye nokwenza imishini amashumi eminyaka, njengazo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), bayibonile le mijikelezo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ekubunjweni kwegobolondo kanye nokutshala imali, bayaqonda ukuhlangana kwe-metallurgical. Okwe-a I-Stellite bear ngaphezulu, inqubo yokumbondela—ngokuvamile i-powder welding noma i-PTA (i-Plasma Transferred Arc)—idinga ukulawulwa ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlanjululwa kwe-Stellite kusisekelo sensimbi kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Isizinda se-QSY ekusebenzeni ngama-alloys akhethekile, okuhlanganisa nalawo asekelwe ku-cobalt, sibanikeza umlenze phezulu kumaphrothokholi wokwelapha wangaphambi kokushisa kanye nangemuva kokushisa, okungaxoxiswana ngawo ukuze kuphumelele.
Ngihlole izimbondela ezihlulekile lapho isendlalelo se-Stellite sivele saxebuka. Imbangela? Cishe njalo ukulungiswa okungalungile kwendawo noma impahla ye-interlayer engalungile. Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ungqimba lwebhafa olususelwa ku-nickel phakathi kwe-steel shaft ne-Stellite ukuze ulawule ukunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlukile. Yile mininingwane ye-gritty ehlukanisa ingxenye yokusebenza nekhandidethi lomgqomo we-scrap.
UkuMachining kanye Nokuqeda: Isithiyo Sokugcina
Kulungile, unesendlalelo sakho se-Stellite esiboshwe ngempumelelo. Manje udinga ukuyifaka ngomshini ukuze uthole ukubekezelelana okunembayo. Lesi esinye isilo. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-HSS ejwayelekile noma amanye amathuluzi e-carbide; udinga amamaki akhethekile e-carbide, ngokuvamile anejometri ethile, noma uya ekugayeni. Ihamba kancane, idla amathuluzi, futhi iyabiza.
Ubuchwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC bubalulekile lapha. Amazinga okuphakelayo, isivinini, kanye nokujula kokusikwa kuhluke ngokuphelele ekwenzeni insimbi ethambile. Isitolo esenza ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium noma insimbi engenalutho sizozabalaza futhi sikhiqize isiphetho esingesihle esibukela phansi ukusebenza kwe-bearing. Isiphetho ku-a I-Stellite bear indawo engaphezulu idinga ukulunge kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuqalisa ukuqhekeka kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kophawu olufanele uma kufanele. Lena enye indawo lapho izitolo ezihlanganisiwe ezisingatha kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwe-alloy kanye nomshini wokunemba, njengoba kuboniswe kububanzi besevisi ye-QSY, zingagcina ukuvumelana nokuziphendulela kuyo yonke inqubo.
Sibe necala lapho imbondela yayiphelele, kodwa ukugaya kokugcina kwethule imifantu emincane ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Ingxenye yaphumelela ekuhlolweni kokuqala kodwa yehluleka ukusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukulungiswa bekushintshela enqubweni yokugaya okuphakelayo kanye nokulethwa okupholisayo okuthuthukisiwe. Isifundo: uchungechunge lwenqubo alugcini ekufakweni.
Izingibe Zohlelo Lokusebenza kanye Nezingqinamba Zomhlaba Wangempela
Ukucacisa i-Stellite akuwona umsebenzi webhokisi lokuhlola. Kufanele ucabangele indawo yokukhwelana. Ukugijima i-Stellite ngokumelene nayo ngokuvamile kuwumkhuba omubi—kusengaphuma inyongo ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Ukumataniswa kwakudala kuyi-Stellite ngokumelene nokokusebenza okuthambile, okuhambisanayo okufana ne-316 engagqwali noma ithusi eliphathwe ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kuvumela okokusebenza okuthambile ukuthi kugqoke kancane, kushumeke noma imaphi ama-abrasive futhi kuvikelwe i-Stellite.
I-Corrosion ingelinye iphuzu eliyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba i-Stellite imelana nemidiya eminingi elimazayo, ayisebenzi yonke indawo. Ema-acids anciphisa kakhulu noma ezindaweni ezinama-chloride ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, udinga ukubheka amatafula okugqwala ngokucophelela. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-high-grade stainless noma i-nickel-based alloy efana ne-Hastelloy ingaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, noma ngabe ukumelana kwayo kokugqoka kuphansi. Ukuhwebelana.
Izindleko zihlala zingena engxoxweni. Inqubo egcwele yokumbondela ye-Stellite engxenyeni enkulu ingabiza izikhathi ezingu-5-10 ngaphezu komkhono wensimbi oqinile ojwayelekile. Ukulungiswa kuvela ezikhathini ezinwetshiwe zokugijima, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe, nokuphepha kumasistimu avaliwe noma okunzima ukuwafinyelela. Awuyisebenzisi ngoba iwubuchwepheshe obupholile; uyisebenzisa ngoba izindleko eziphelele zezibalo zobunikazi ziyasebenza.
Ebheka I-Supply Chain
Ukuthola izinto ezinokwethenjelwa eziphethe i-Stellite akukhona ukuthola umthengisi oshibhe kakhulu. Kumayelana nokuthola uzakwethu onolwazi lwe-metallurgical kanye nokulawula inqubo. Umlando weminyaka engu-30 wefemu efana ne-QSY ekusakazeni nasekukhiqizeni ama-alloys akhethekile uphakamisa ukuthi bazulazule kwijika lokufunda lokusebenza ngezinto ezinzima njenge-cobalt nama-nickel alloys. Lokhu okwenziwayo kuhumusha ngqo kumaphutha okukhiqiza ambalwa kanye nezeluleko ezingcono phakathi nesigaba sokuklama.
Lapho ngibukeza umphakeli, angibheki nje incwajana yabo ecwebezelayo. Ngibuza mayelana nemingcele yokumbondela ye-PTA yokushisela, indlela yabo yokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bebhondi (imvamisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic), kanye nezinqubo zabo ezijwayelekile zokukhulula ingcindezi. Ngifuna ukubona amathuluzi abo okubamba izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi somshini. Lena imininingwane engathandeki, esebenzayo eqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye iyasebenza.
Ekugcineni, a I-Stellite bear Isixazululo siyimpendulo eklanywe kakhulu kusethi ethile yezimo ezinonya. Akuyona impahla. Impumelelo yayo incike ekuqondeni okujulile, okungokoqobo kokuziphatha kwengxubevange kusukela endaweni etholakala kuyo noma endaweni yokushisela kuye ekugcineni kweleveli ye-micron yokugcina emshinini we-CNC. Ukukwenza kahle kuzwakala kungaphansi njengokunqoba kobuchwepheshe futhi kufana nomphumela ozuzwe kanzima wokuhlonipha imikhawulo yesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nezinqubo.
