Uzwa 'Imikhono ye-Stellite' futhi onjiniyela abaningi ngokushesha bacabanga 'okuqinile, ukumelana nokuguga, okuhle kumazinga okushisa aphezulu'. Lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa futhi yilapho ukwenza lula ngokweqile kuqala. Eminyakeni yami ngithola futhi ngicacisa lezi zingxenye, ikakhulukazi ama-pump shafts kanye neziqu zamavalvu ezisebenza kanzima, ngibone igebe phakathi kwencazelo yekhathalogi kanye neqiniso elisemhlabeni. Akukhona nje ukubhuqa kwempahla; ukusebenza kwayo kuphila noma kufa ngokukhethwa kwebanga le-alloy, ubuqotho bokusakaza, futhi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, umshini we-post-cast. Umkhono we-Stellite 6 ongakhiwanga kahle ungahluleka ngokushesha kunensimbi ye-carbon steel ephathwe kahle ezindaweni ezithile eziqhumayo. Lokhu akulona ithiyori—yilokho okufundayo ngemva kokubhekana nokwehluleka okumbalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokumba ‘kungani’.
Ingxubevange Akuyona Indaba Yonke
I-Stellite, umndeni we-cobalt-chromium alloy wase-Kennametal, iza ngamamaki. I-Stellite 6, 12, 21—ngayinye inendawo yayo. I-6 iyiqhawe lenhloso evamile, elilungele ukuguga okuhlanganisiwe nokugqwala. Kepha nansi umgodi ojwayelekile: icacisa i-Stellite 6 yayo yonke into ngoba idume kakhulu. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yephampu yenqubo yamakhemikhali ephatha udaka olushisayo, olubi. Ukucaciswa kokuqala kwakuyimikhono ye-Stellite 6. Zahlala cishe u-40% womjikelezo wokuphila okulindelekile. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kubonise ukumelana ne-galling okunganele ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela ethile ye-pressure-temperature. Ukushintshela ku-Stellite 12, enesakhiwo esihlukile se-carbide, kubuyisele impilo endleleni. Siyini isifundo? Umkhono awuwona nje umkhono we-Stellite; kuyi-a I-Stellite 12 noma I-Stellite 21 umkhono. Ibanga lichaza i-microstructure, futhi lokho kuchaza ukuphila.
Yilapho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry eqonda i-metallurgy, hhayi nje ukubumba, kubalulekile. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) kufika emqondweni. Ngesizinda sabo seminyaka engu-30 kugobolondo nokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwama-alloys akhethekile, bayakuthola lokhu. Awukwazi ukuvele uthele lawa ma-alloys njenge-cast iron. Izinga lokuqinisa, isikhunta-konke kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide. I-Stellite engafakwanga kahle ingaba namaqoqo e-carbide aba izindawo zokuqala zokuqhekeka ngaphansi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo. Ukugxila kwe-QSY ku-cobalt ne-nickel-based alloys kusho ukuthi zisethelwe lokhu kulawula. Igeyimu yebhola ehlukile kusukela ekulingeni kwensimbi okuvamile.
Imishini ingenye ingxenye. I-Stellite inonya kumathuluzi. Isebenza-inzima. Uma umdayisi wakho womshini esebenzisa ibanga lokufaka elingalungile, isivinini esingalungile kanye nokuphakelayo, kuzodala imifantu emincane noma kushiye isendlalelo esingaphezulu esicindezelekile. Lo mkhono ulahlekile kusukela ekuqaleni. Isiphetho se-ID ne-OD, ukugxila—konke kubalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kokulingana kwabezindaba nokusebenza kokugcina kophawu. Ukulingisa okuphelele kungonakaliswa esigabeni se-CNC. Yingakho izitolo ezihlanganisiwe eziphatha kokubili ukusakaza nokunemba CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kwenza i-QSY, imvamisa ukuletha izingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa. Balawula lonke uchungechunge lwenani, ngakho-ke akukho ukukhomba ngomunwe phakathi kwe-caster nomshini wemishini uma kuphakama inkinga.
Lapho Imikhono Yehluleka (Futhi Ngokuvamile Akuyona Impahla)
Ngikhiphe imikhono eminingi ehlulekile kunalokho engikukhumbulayo. Imodi yokuhluleka yakudala ukuguga ngokweqile, impela. Kodwa bheka eduze, futhi imbangela eyinhloko ivame ukuhlangana. Imfucumfucu ingena phakathi komkhono we-OD kanye ne-bore yezindlu, okuholela ekugugeni okukhathazayo. Noma ukungezwani kokukhulisa okushisayo okubangela ukuba umkhono uxege kusevisi. Icala elilodwa eliqondile lalihilela a umkhono we-stellite empompini yokuphakela i-boiler. Umkhono ngokwawo wawubonisa ukuguga okuncane, kodwa i-shaft engaphansi yayigqwalile. Ukwehluleka kube yinkinga yokugqwala ngenxa yokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo esilingana nokucindezela besingavalwanga kahle. Izinto zomkhono zazingenasici, kodwa ukwakheka kwesistimu okuzungezile kwakuyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka.
Lokhu kuholela ekucabangeni kokuklama. Ukuqina kodonga. Izacile kakhulu, futhi yonakala ngesikhathi ucindezela noma isevisi. Kujiye kakhulu, futhi umosha ingxubevange ebizayo futhi wandisa ingcuphe yokuphonsa amaphutha. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, sasivamise ukuhambisa sisuka kumkhono oyisilinda siye kwesinye esine-flange encane noma i-groove yephinikhodi evimbela ukuzungezisa. Yengeza izindleko kodwa ixazulula isethi ehlukile yezinkinga. Ukuhwebelana. Umdwebo uvele uthi i-Stellite Sleeve, kodwa udeveli ukulokho kubekezelela kobukhulu kanye nejiyomethri okungahlali kushidi elijwayelekile.
Elinye ikhanda elisebenzayo yi-inventory kanye nesikhathi sokuhola. Awukwazi ukuvele u-ode lokhu eshalofini. Ziyizingxenye ezenziwe ukuze zi-odwe. Uma inqubo yomphakeli wakho ingahlelwanga, i-oda lokusheshisa liyiphupho. Lesi esinye isizathu sokuhlola ukuvuthwa kokusebenza komphakeli wakho. Inkampani enomlando omude, njenge-QSY eshiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile isungule amaphethini nezilawuli zenqubo ezenza izikhathi zokuhola zibikezeleke kakhulu. Ukuhlola iphothifoliyo yabo yamandla ku https://www.tsingtaocnc.com ikunikeza umuzwa wobubanzi bawo—kusuka ekubunjweni kwegobolondo ukuze uthole izimo ezilula kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-investimenti ukuze uthole imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ebalulekile, yonke esekelwa ukukhanda kwangaphakathi. Lokho kuhlanganiswa kuyinhlanganisela enkulu yokuhlela iphrojekthi.
I-Machining Dance: Ukuyilungisa
Ake sigxile ekwenzeni imishini, ngoba yilapho inani lengezwa khona noma licekelwa phansi. Awukwazi ukwenza i-Stellite njengensimbi. Umthetho wokuqala ukusebenzisa ukusetha okuqinile. Noma iyiphi ingxoxo izocupha okufakwayo kwakho kwe-carbide ebizayo futhi yonakalise ukuphela. Sihlala sicacisa ukugaya ukuze kuqedwe okokugcina ezindaweni zokuvala uma kungenzeka. Inikeza indawo engcono, ecindezelayo-yengcindezi. Ukuphenduka kwe-CNC okokufinyelela esimweni esiseduze nenetha.
Ukupholisa kubalulekile, futhi akukhona nje ukupholisa. Imayelana nokuvimbela isendlalelo esiqinisa umsebenzi ukuthi sijule kakhulu. Isistimu yokupholisa enomfutho ophezulu, yevolumu ephezulu eqondiswe khona lapho onqenqemeni lokusika ayixoxiswana. Ngike ngabona izitolo zizama ukubalekela inkungu encane epholile, futhi izingxenye zihlala zibuya nezinkinga—ukungazinzi kobukhulu noma umonakalo ongaphansi komhlaba ovela kuphela ku-NDT.
Isu lendlela yamathuluzi libalulekile futhi. Ukukhuphuka kokugaya uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya okuvamile emaphasini okuqeda kungathinta impilo yamathuluzi kanye nobuqotho obungaphezulu ebusweni be-flange. Uchwepheshe wemishini omuhle, owazi ama-superalloy, uzoba nesikhwama sakhe esincane samaqhinga—izinhlobo zamathuluzi athile, isilinganiso sokuphakelayo esithandwayo sokudlula kokugcina. Uma uthola isitolo esinalokhu phansi, unamathela kubo. Kuwulwazi lwezizwe njengoba kuyincwadi yokufunda.
Izindleko vs. Ukusebenza: Ukubalwa Kwangempela
Yebo, a Umkhono we-Stellite kuyabiza. Okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kukodwa kuyakubona lokho. Indaba yebhizinisi ayimayelana nezindleko zeyunithi; kumayelana nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Umkhono ka-$500 osebenza izinyanga ezingu-24 kusevisi lapho umkhono ongenabala we-$150 440C uhlala izinyanga ezi-3 awunangqondo. Izindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula zokushintsha ngokuvamile zinciphisa izindleko zengxenye. Isibalo siba nzima nakakhulu uma i-delta yokusebenza incane, yithi impilo ende engu-20% ngezindleko eziphakeme ngo-100%. Ngemva kwalokho usungene kwezobunjiniyela bokwethenjwa kanye nokuhlola ubungozi ngokunqamuka okungahleliwe.
Kulapho okunye okuhlukile kungena khona. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaqinile kangako, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njengembondela ye-Inconel 625 noma ama-ceramic athuthukisiwe angase abange. Kodwa ngenhlanganisela yokugqoka kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi, ukugqwala, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (cabanga ngo-500°C nangaphezulu), i-Stellite, ikakhulukazi amamaki e-tungsten aphakeme, isabusa. Kuyisixazululo esivuthiwe, kodwa hhayi esiphelelwe yisikhathi.
Uma uhlola, awuthengi nje isiqephu sengxubevange. Uthenga isilawuli se-metallurgical se-Foundry, ikhono likamashini, kanye nekhono lomphakeli ukuletha ingxenye ezinzile, elungele ukuyifaka. Yilelo phakheji. Ukweqa kunoma yimuphi umlenze waleso situlo kuvame ukubiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ubheka ukunikezwa kwesevisi egcwele yomphakeli, njengenhlanganisela yokusakaza nomshini evela kuchwepheshe ofana ne-QSY, ngokuvamile kuhlinzeka ngesithombe esiphelele sezindleko eziphelele, ngisho noma isisho sokuqala singesona esiphansi kakhulu.
Imicabango yokugcina: Ukucacisa Impumelelo
Ngakho-ke, uma bengingabhala i-spec yomkhono we-Stellite namuhla, bekungeke kube nje into yomugqa ene-callout ebalulekile. Ingacacisa ibanga (i-Stellite 6, 12, njll.), ibhekise ku-ASTM esebenzayo noma indinganiso yobunikazi, ibize inqubo yokukhipha (ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncanyelwayo ukwenza umsebenzi obalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuminyana), futhi ibe namanothi anemininingwane mayelana nokuqedwa komshini, ukubekezelela ukulingana komshini, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nenothi mayelana nokuhlolwa kokugcina kokulimala okungaphezulu kusetshenziswa udayi. Yimininingwane eshintsha ingxenye yokugqoka ejwayelekile ibe ingxenye yobunjiniyela ethembekile.
Imboni iqhubekela phambili ekuxazululeni okudidiyelwe okwengeziwe, futhi. Esikhundleni somkhono, ngezinye izikhathi imbondela ye-Stellite eshiselwe ngqo ku-shaft. Lokho kususa izinkinga zokusebenzisa i-press-fit interface kodwa kwethula ukuhlanekezela kwe-welding kanye nokukhathazeka kwendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Kuyisethi ehlukile yokuhwebelana. Umkhono uhlala uyinkosi yokushintshwa kanye nekhono lokulungisa.
Ekugcineni, ukusebenza ngemikhono ye-Stellite kukufundisa ukuhlonipha inqubo. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziyamangalisa, kodwa akuwona umlingo. Ukusebenza kwayo kutholwa ngokucophelela ku-Foundry nasesitolo semishini. Yilokho okwangempela okuthathayo ngemva kwayo yonke le minyaka. Uyeka ukukubona 'njengomkhono' nje bese uqala ukukubona njengesistimu ubuqotho bawo obakhelwe isendlalelo ngesendlalelo, kusukela ekuncibilikeni kuya ekugcineni kweleveli ye-micron.
