Uyazi, lapho abantu abaningi becabanga ngokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, bagxila kunzwa ngokwayo-i-thermocouple noma i-RTD. Kodwa emhlabeni wangempela weziko, insimbi encibilikisiwe, nezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezinolaka, the ithubhu yokuvikela i-thermouple yilokho okwenza noma okuphula lonke uhlelo lwakho lokulinganisa. Iwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, lapho amaphrojekthi amaningi ehamba eceleni ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokusekelwe enanini kunendawo yesevisi yangempela. Ngibone amashubhu amaningi e-alumina ajwayelekile ephahlazeka ngenxa yokushaqeka okushisayo noma egqwalile emasontweni amaningi lapho kudingeka okuthile okulungiselelwe okwengeziwe. Akuwona nje umgodla; kuyingxenye ebalulekile, eklanyelwe.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Akukona Ukuzivivinya Kwekhathalogi
Ukuthatha impahla yeshubhu kumininingwane kuyindlela yokwehluleka. Isilinganiso sokushisa esingokomcabango siyinto eyodwa; ukusebenza komhlaba wangempela ngamabhayisikili ashisayo, umkhathi, kanye nokuhlukumeza okungaba khona kwemishini kungenye. Isibonelo, sake sasebenzisa ishubhu ye-alumina ehlanzekile esithandweni somlilo sensimbi. Ephepheni, yayiphelele ku-1200°C. Eqinisweni, ukuvuleka okuqhubekayo komnyango wokungena kwe-billet kubangele imijikelezo yokupholisa esheshayo. Phakathi nenyanga, imifantu yezinwele ithuthukile, okuholela ekufundweni okungalungile nokwehluleka kwezinzwa ekugcineni. Siyini isifundo? Ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwe mullite noma i-silicon carbide kungenzeka kube ucingo olungcono, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo beliphansi kancane.
Yilapho ulwazi lwesikhathi eside lwe-Foundry kanye nemishini luba wusizo olukhulu. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), enesizinda sayo seminyaka engu-30 ekubumbeni nasekufakeni ama-alloys akhethekile, ikuqonda lokhu ezingeni le-metallurgical. Abagcini ngokuthengisa ishubhu; bacabanga ukuthi a ingxubevange esekelwe cobalt ithubhu lokuvikela lizoziphatha ngaphansi komkhathi we-sulfidizing we-petrochemical cracker, noma kanjani a ingxubevange esekwe nickel yenza ezimeni ze-carburizing. Lolo lwazi olusebenzayo lokuziphatha okuphathekayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi nokushisa yikhona okuhlukanisa umphakeli wejenerikhi nozakwethu oxazulula izinkinga.
Omunye umniningwane ovame ukunganakwa ukuvalwa kokuphela. Okuvulekile, okuvaliwe, okuvaliwe, noma nge-thermowell eyakhelwe ngaphakathi? Ishubhu evaliwe ivikela inzwa kodwa yengeza i-lag encane. Enqubweni ehamba ngokushesha, lokho kusala kubalulekile. Sizame ishubhu evalekile enodonga oluqinile lwe-Inconel 600 lokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-batch reactor. Iluphu yokulawula ibe buthaka ngoba isisindo esishisayo sethiphu yeshubhu sasiphezulu kakhulu. Ukushintshela edizayini enezindonga ezincanyana netephu elivaliwe kodwa elicijile kuxazululile. Yile minithi, ukulungiswa okwenziwa ngesandla amashidi wedatha angakutsheli.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Ichaza Ukwethembeka
Ungaba nokucaciswa kwe-alloy okuphelele, kepha uma ishubhu lingaphonswa kahle noma lingasebenzanga kahle, lizohluleka. I-porosity eshubhu lokuvikela ukhonkolo yisigwebo sentambo—iba yindlela yokungena kwegesi noma indawo yobuthakathaka besakhiwo. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yamashubhu ensimbi engagqwali ayelokhu ehluleka lapho kugezwa usawoti. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kukhomba ukushuba okuncane eduze nendawo yokushisela ye-flange, okuvumela usawoti ukuthi ungene futhi ugqwale usuka ngaphakathi uya ngaphandle. Ubuqotho bokulingisa akuxoxiswana nabo.
Kungakho amandla okukhiqiza ngemuva komphakeli ebaluleke kakhulu. Ifemu eyisipesheli ukutshala imali, njenge-QSY, ingakhiqiza amashubhu okuvikela anamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi—cabanga lawo anama-flange ahlanganisiwe, ama-lugs akhuphukayo, noma ama-bend angavamile ukuze asuswe—anokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu kwendawo kanye namaphutha amancane angaphakathi. Ukuze uthole amashubhu alula, aqondile, CNC imishini kusuka kusitoko sebha iqinisekisa ukubekezelelana okunembayo kwe-dimensional, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana okufanele kwenzwa kanye nokuxhumeka kwenqubo. Ukukhetha phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza imishini akukhona nje izindleko; imayelana nejiyomethri edingekayo, impahla, nokungaguquguquki kodonga lokugcina.
Bese kuba nesiphetho. Indawo esebenza ngomshini ingase ilungele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa kwezinye, ingaphakathi eliphansi noma eliphucuziwe lingavimbela ukwakheka kwezinto futhi kube lula ukufaka/ukususwa kwenzwa. Kuma-alloys okushisa okuphezulu, ungqimba lwe-oxide olungaphezulu olwakhayo (isikali) empeleni lungavikela, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi awufuni lukhishwe ngomshini. Kuyaphikisana, kodwa lolo uhlobo lwe-nuance oyifunda phansi, hhayi emhlanganweni wokuthengisa.
Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nezinhlungu Zekhanda Esizeni
Ngisho neshubhu elenziwe kahle kakhulu lingabangela izinkinga uma ukuhlanganisa kungacatshangwa kahle. Intambo yokukhweza noma indinganiso ye-flange kufanele ifane nokufakwa kwendawo okukhona. Uchungechunge lwe-Metric vs. NPT lubangele ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula okuningi kunalokho engikukhumbulayo. Ubude bungomunye umgodi wakudala. Idinga ukuba yinde ngokwanele ukuze ifinyelele indawo yezinga lokushisa enengqondo kodwa ingabi yinde kangangokuthi idlidliza ngokweqile noma ingene endleleni yeziphehlisi noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Sibe nekesi kuhho lukasimende lapho ishubhu lokuvikela, ngenkathi lizwakala ngokwesakhiwo, lalithe ukulide kakhulu futhi liqinile. Ukuzungezisa kweziko kanye nesisindo se-clinker buildup kubangele ukuthi inyakaze kancane esisekelweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni ikhathale futhi iqhekeke ekushiseleleni kuya ekhanda elikhuphukayo. Ukulungiswa kwakuyishubhu elifushane kancane elinekhola yokusekela ye-beefier—ushintsho olulula lwedizayini olushaywe indiva i-spec yoqobo. Igqamisa ukuthi ishubhu alikho lodwa; iyingxenye yesistimu yemishini.
Elinye iphuzu elisebenzayo: ukushintshwa kwezinzwa. Ungakwazi ukukhipha kalula i-thermocouple eshubhu uma ihluleka? Uma ishubhu lilide futhi linamagobe amaningi, ungase udinge inzwa eguquguqukayo noma idizayini evumela ukudonsa kalula. Ngichithe amahora esikafulani ngizama ukudoba i-thermocouple ebambekile ngoba ingaphakathi leshubhu libe lukhuni noma lonakele kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Manje, sivamise ukucacisa ububanzi bangaphakathi obukhudlwana kancane noma ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi okushelelayo kwamashubhu amade, aqondile ukugwema le phupho elibi lokunakekela.
Lapho I-Special Alloys Iwukuphela Kwempendulo
Ezindaweni ezijezisa kakhulu—ukushiswa kukadoti, izinhlobo ezithile zokuncibilika kwengilazi, ukuthintana ngokuqondile ne-aluminium encibilikisiwe noma i-zinc—izinsimbi ezingenasici ezivamile noma ama-alloys avamile anenikeli ephezulu ngeke ziyinqamule. Lona umbuso weqiniso ama-alloys akhethekile. Cabanga ngezinto ezifana ne-Alloy 625, HK-40, noma ngisho neplatinum-rhodium. Izindleko zabo ziphezulu, kodwa ukuphila kwazo ezimeni ezithile zokugqwala/ezigugulekayo zingazenza zibe ukukhetha ukonga kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukusebenza nozakwethu onolwazi kulezi zinsiza kubalulekile. Ukwenza imishini noma ukusakaza lawa ma-alloys kudinga ulwazi oluthile. Isibonelo, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt azikwazi ukuguga ngendlela emangalisayo kodwa zingakhohlisa umshini ngaphandle kokwehlisa ingcindezi noma umsebenzi onzima. Umphakeli onokujula CNC imishini isizinda sezinto ezinjalo sizoba namathuluzi alungile, okuphakelayo, isivinini, namasu okupholisa ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxenye egcina izici zayo zemvelo. Ukukhuluma nge-QSY okucacile kokusebenza nale mindeni yengxubevange kuphawula izinga lekhono elidlula kude ukukhiqizwa kwamashubhu ezimpahla.
Isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-alloy enjalo ngokuvamile sivela ekuhlaziyweni kokwehluleka. Sishintshele kushubhu ye-HK-40 esakhiwe i-centrifugally ukuze sithole isithando somlilo esishintshashintshayo ngemva kokuba ishubhu elivamile elibi lihlaselwe yi-carburization enzima kanye ne-embrittlement, lehluleka ngaphansi konyaka. Ishubhu ye-HK-40 ithathe imijikelezo yomkhankaso eminingi. Izindleko zangaphambili zaziphindwe kathathu, kodwa izindleko eziphelele ngonyaka ngamunye wokusebenza zaziphansi, futhi ukwethembeka kwavimbela ukuvalwa okungahleliwe. Yilokho ukubala kwangempela.
Ukubheka Ngale Kwethubhu: Umhlangano Ophelele
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngeshubhu lokuvikela njengengxenye yokuhlanganisa: ishubhu ngokwalo, uguquko noma ikhanda elikhwezayo (eligcina amatheminali oxhumano), uxhumo lwenqubo (uchungechunge, i-flange, ingono yokushisela), futhi ngezinye izikhathi intamo enwetshiwe yokufakwa kwe-insulation. Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile kudingeka zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Ishubhu ingase ibe yi-ceramic, kuyilapho i-flange iyingxube yensimbi ehambisana nomkhumbi. Bahlanganiswa kanjani? Lesi yisixhumi esibonakalayo esibucayi.
Amajoyinti e-Metal-to-ceramic ayinselele ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-coefficients ehlukene yokwanda kwe-thermal. Kusetshenziswa amasu akhethekile okubraza noma ukufakwa kokucindezela. Ngibone ukwehluleka lapho ilunga le-brazed elibonakala liqinile lihlulekile ngenxa yokuthi ingxubevange ye-braze ihlaselwe umkhathi wenqubo, into engazange icatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokuklama. Ubuqotho bayo yonke le nhlangano, ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ukubunjwa kwegobolondo ezinxenyeni zensimbi nokwenza kahle, inquma ukuvuza kwesistimu nokuzinza kwemishini.
Ekugcineni, ukucacisa a ithubhu yokuvikela i-thermocouple kuwumsebenzi wesayensi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nomklamo osebenzayo wemishini. Kudinga ukubuza hhayi nje ukuthi lithini izinga lokushisa? kodwa ithini indaba ephelele?—umkhathi, imijikelezo yokushisa, ukucindezeleka komshini, ukugqwala, ukuguguleka, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekeleni. Ingenye yalezo zingxenye lapho inketho eshibhile cishe njalo ibiza kakhulu ngaphezu komjikelezo wokuphila wesitshalo. Umgomo uwukukhohlwa nokuthi ikhona, ngoba uma uhlezi ucabanga ngeshubhu lakho lokuvikela, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi aliwenzi umsebenzi walo.
