Lokacin da kuka ga kalmar nema kamar '17 4 ph investing simintin gyare-gyare', yana da sauƙi a ɗauka cewa kawai wani shigarwar takaddun kayan abu ne. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, ɗan gajeren hannu ne don ƙalubalen ƙalubale da yanke shawara akan benen kanti. Yawancin masu siye ko ma ƙananan injiniyoyi suna tunanin ƙayyadaddun 17-4 PH, ko 17-4PH bakin karfe, mafita ce ta tsayawa ɗaya don buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi da matsakaicin lalata juriya. Sau da yawa sukan rasa yanayin H mai mahimmanci - yanayin maganin zafi - wanda shine komai. Na ga kwafi sun shigo kawai suna cewa 17-4 PH zuba jari simintin gyare-gyare, kuma a nan ne ainihin zance, kuma wani lokacin ciwon kai, farawa.
Babban Kalubalen: Komai Ne Game da Yanayin H900, H1025, ko H1100
Ba kawai ka jefa 17-4 PH ba; ki jefar dashi sannan kiyi zafi ki bishi da wani yanayi na musamman domin samun kayan da kuke bukata. Wannan shine babban cokali mai yatsu na farko a hanya. Yanayin simintin simintin gyare-gyare shine warwarewa (Sharadi A). Yana da ɗan laushi, mai iya injina, amma ba shi da sanannen ƙarfin hazo-taurare. Sihiri yana faruwa ne bayan maganin zafi mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. H900 yana ba ku ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙarshe, yana turawa 190 ksi, amma ya fi karye da beyar zuwa na'ura. H1150 yana ba da mafi kyawun tauri da juriya na lalata, amma kuna cinikin wani muhimmin ɓacin rai na wannan ƙarfin kololuwar.
Zaɓin yanayin da bai dace ba don aikace-aikacen babban kuskure ne, mai tsada. Na tuna wani aiki don sashin ruwa inda mai tsarawa, wanda aka gyara akan ƙarfi, ƙayyadaddun H900. Bangaren ya wuce duk gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje amma ya gaza a fagen saboda damuwa da lalatawar yanayi a cikin takamaiman yanayi mai tsananin ƙarfi. Dole ne mu sake jefawa kuma mu sake yin zafi da magani gaba ɗaya zuwa H1150, wanda ya warware matsalar filin amma ya jinkirta aikin da watanni. Darasi? Juriya na lalata na 17-4 PH yana dogara da yanayin sosai, ba ƙayyadadden lamba ba.
Wannan shi ne inda aiki tare da ginin da ke fahimtar ƙarfe, ba kawai gyare-gyare ba, ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin a ciki zuba jari da machining, yawanci yana samun wannan. Ba za su zuba karfen kawai su tura shi ba. Tsarin su zai ƙunshi ƙa'idar maganin zafi bayan simintin gyare-gyare, kuma da alama za su iya fitar da wani takamaiman bayani da wuri. Kuna iya ganin tsarinsu na kayan aiki, gami da gami na musamman, akan rukunin su a tsingtaocnc.com. Wannan haɗe-haɗen ilimin simintin gyare-gyare ne da sarrafa zafin jiki na gaba wanda ke raba mai siyar da kayan aiki da abokin aikin injiniya.
Gating, Ciyarwa, da Yaƙin Ƙunƙasa
Motsawa daga ƙarfe zuwa ƙirar ƙira, 17-4 PH yana gabatar da nasa tsarin ƙalubalen jefa. Yana da gagarumin ƙarfafa shrinkage. Idan tsarin gating da riser ( feeder) ba a tsara shi da kyau ba, za ku sami raguwar porosity, yawanci a cikin yankuna na ƙarshe don ƙarfafa kamar sassa masu kauri ko junctions. Wannan ba lahani ba ne da za ku iya niƙawa; yana cikin ciki kuma zai kashe amincin injinan sashin, musamman ma a ƙarƙashin nauyin gajiya.
Mun koyi wannan ta hanya mai raɗaɗi, ƙanana na samarwa don maƙallan mai sarrafa sararin samaniya. Geometry yana da hadaddun, kaurin bango mara daidaituwa. Samfurori na farko-harbe sun yi kama sosai. Binciken X-ray, duk da haka, ya bayyana hanyar sadarwa na ƙananan raguwa a cikin tsakiya. Sandunan tangaran da aka yanke daga wannan yanki sun gaza sosai a ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Batun? Madaidaicin lissafin ciyarwar mu, wanda yayi aiki mai kyau don bakin karfe 316, bai isa ba don halayen ƙarfafawar 17-4. Dole ne mu sake tsara tsarin bishiyar gabaɗaya, muna ƙara ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin hawa da yin amfani da padding exothermic don kiyaye ƙarfe ya daɗe a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci. Ya kara yawan asarar amfanin gona a kowane itace amma ya ceci sassan.
Wannan wani yanki ne inda gwaninta tare da takamaiman abubuwan abubuwan. Tsarin ƙirar harsashi na asali na iya buƙatar tweaking-watakila nau'ikan slurry daban-daban ko stucco-don ɗaukar buƙatun thermal na wannan gami. A gamayya harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa tsari bai isa ba; yana buƙatar zama tsarin da aka tsara don hazo-taurin ƙarfe.
Machining Interlude: Kada ku raina shi
Anan ga gaskiya mai amfani kusan kowane simintin saka hannun jari na 17-4 PH zai fuskanta: yana buƙatar injina. Yankuna kaɗan ne masu siffa. Kuna da cirewar ƙofa, ƙarewar saman ƙasa, da mashin ɗin datum mai mahimmanci. Kuma kamar yadda aka ambata, taurin machining ya bambanta sosai da yanayin. Machining yanayi mai laushi A yana da sauƙi, amma sai ku yi zafi, kuma sashin zai karkata. Wani lokaci ana iya tsinkaya, wani lokacin ba.
Madadin shine na'ura a cikin yanayi mai tauri (misali, H900). Wannan yana da tsada, jinkirin, da rashin tausayi akan kayan aiki. Kuna duban tsayayyen saitin CNC, ƙimar carbide ko ma kayan aikin CBN, da ƙarancin abinci. Tsarin farashi yana canzawa gaba ɗaya. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa hadawar QSY ta zuba jari kuma Injin CNC ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya yana da fa'ida ta ma'ana. Za su iya tsara dukkan tsarin masana'antu gabaɗaya. Shin suna da injin injin a cikin Yanayin A, suna barin hannun jari, maganin zafi, sannan gama injin? Ko kuma suna jefawa zuwa siffa ta kusa-kusa da injina duk bayan-hardening? Wannan shawarar tana tasiri farashi, lokacin jagora, kuma mafi mahimmanci, juriyar juzu'i na ƙarshe.
Na shiga cikin ayyukan da aka noma mashin ɗin zuwa wani shago na ɓangare na uku wanda ba a san shi da taurin 17-4 ba. Sakamakon an soke sassa saboda ƙarancin ƙarewar ƙasa, ƙananan fashe-fashe da aka jawo ta hanyar ƙetare mashin ɗin, da rashin daidaiton girma. Kawo gaba dayan sarkar darajar, ko aƙalla mahimman matakan sarrafa kayan aikin simintin zafi-zafi, ƙarƙashin kulawar haɗin gwiwa babban rage haɗarin haɗari.
Samar da Kayayyaki da Ganowa: Ba Duk 17-4 Ne Daidai ba
Wannan na iya sauti na asali, amma ingancin yana farawa da narkewa. 17-4 PH shine ƙirar UNS (S17400), amma ainihin kemistry a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na iya shafar simintin gyare-gyare, ƙarfi, da kaddarorin ƙarshe. Abubuwa kamar jan ƙarfe, niobium, da ma'auni na chromium da nickel suna buƙatar sarrafa su sosai. Kamfanonin da ke narkewar ƙwararrun mashaya ko kuma komawa ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sarrafawa ya bambanta da ɗaya siyan ingots na bazuwar a kasuwa.
Ga kowane aikace-aikace mai mahimmanci, kuna buƙatar cikakkun rahotannin sunadarai da rahotannin gwajin injina daga ainihin zafi. Wannan daidaitaccen aiki ne don aikin ƙwararru. Ikon samar da wannan matakin takaddun shaida alama ce ta shuru na mahimmancin kafuwar. Lokacin duba mai kaya kamar wanda aka ambata, aikinsu na dogon lokaci yana nuna sun gina tsarin don wannan. Fiye da shekaru 30, ko dai kun gano daidaitaccen kayan samar da kayan aiki da sarrafawa da yawa, ko kuma ba za ku ci gaba da yin kasuwanci da hidimar abokan cinikin masana'antu ba.
Bugu da ƙari, don sassa a cikin sararin samaniya, tsaro, ko manyan motoci, abin da ake buƙata yakan wuce zuwa duba girman hatsi, duban radiyo zuwa takamaiman ƙa'idodi (kamar ASTM E192), har ma da gwajin lalata. Ƙayyadaddun simintin saka hannun jari na 17-4 PH shine kawai layin buɗewa na takaddar ƙayyadaddun fasaha mai tsayi wanda ke sarrafa duk wannan.
Lokacin amfani da shi, da kuma lokacin da za a duba wani wuri
Don haka, bayan duk wannan, a ina ne 17-4 PH zuba jari simintin yin hankali? Yana da kyau ga abubuwan da ke buƙatar babban ƙarfin-zuwa-nauyi rabo, ƙarfin gajiya mai kyau, da juriya mai kyau a cikin mahalli marasa ƙarfi fiye da abin da zai buƙaci babban austenitic ko na tushen nickel. Ka yi tunanin ruwan injin turbine, famfo impellers, bawul jikin, kayan aikin bindiga, da sassan kayan aikin tiyata. Ya cika alkuki tsakanin daidaitaccen nau'in bakin karfe 300 da mafi tsada tushen cobalt ko nickel tushen gami.
Amma ba haɓakawa ba ne na duniya. Idan sashinka yana da matsananciyar buƙatun lalata (misali, nutsewar ruwan gishiri akai-akai), ƙaramin bakin karfe ko mafi girma na nickel na iya zama mafi kyau. Idan kana buƙatar matsananciyar tauri a yanayin zafi na cryogenic, duba wani wuri. Idan ma'aunin lissafi yana da sarƙaƙƙiya don hargitsin maganin zafi ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba, ana iya tilasta ku yin amfani da bakin ƙarfe austenitic mai ƙarfi mai aikin injiniya maimakon.
Makullin ɗaukar nauyi daga shekaru na ma'amala da wannan shine 17-4 PH simintin saka hannun jari shine sarkar tsari, ba abu bane. Yana buƙatar girmamawa ga hulɗar da ke tsakanin ƙarfe, injiniyan tushe, kimiyyar kula da zafi, da ingantattun injina. Samun shi daidai yana jin kamar ƙaramin nasara kowane lokaci. Samun kuskure ilimi ne mai tsada. Bambanci sau da yawa ya ta'allaka ne a zabar abokan tarayya waɗanda ke ganin dukkan sarkar, ba kawai hanyar haɗin su guda ɗaya a ciki ba.
