Lokacin da yawancin jama'a suka ji 'ƙafa na foda', nan da nan sukan zana kayan aikin latsa-da-sinter ko bushing. Yana da wurin shigarwa, tabbas, amma kuma shine babban kuskure - cewa PM shine kawai madadin arha don siffofi masu sauƙi. Gaskiyar, musamman lokacin da kuka shiga cikin manyan ayyuka, dabba ce ta daban gaba ɗaya. Yana da ƙasa game da maye gurbin mataki na inji da ƙari game da ƙirƙirar tsarin kayan da ba za ku iya samu daga narke ba. Na ga ƙira da yawa sun gaza saboda wani ya ƙayyadad da ɓangaren PM dangane da ginshiƙi mai yawa ba tare da fahimtar abin da ke faruwa yayin ƙarfafawa a ƙarƙashin zafi da matsa lamba ba. Rata tsakanin madaidaicin kayan isotropic akan takaddar bayanan da ainihin ɓangaren da ke zaune akan teburin dubawa na iya zama babba.
The Alloy Powder wuyar warwarewa: Yana farawa Kafin Mold
Kowa ya damu da latsawa da ma'auni, kuma daidai. Amma ciwon kai yakan fara farawa a baya, tare da foda kanta. Ba kawai muna magana ne game da ƙarfe-jan ƙarfe-carbon pre-gauraye a nan ba. Lokacin da kuke aiki tare da gami na musamman, kamar tushen nickel ko tushen cobalt da muke ɗauka tare da aikin simintin mu a QSY, hanyar samar da foda ya zama mahimmanci. Atomization gas tare da atomization na ruwa ba kawai bambancin farashi ba ne; yana game da abun ciki na oxide, sifar barbashi, da iya gudana. Ina tunawa da wani aikin don hatimin zafin jiki mai zafi inda abokin ciniki ya nace akan foda na nickel alloy na ruwa-atomized don farashi. Sakamakon? Matsaloli masu ɗorewa da rashin daidaituwa. Mun canza zuwa gas-atomized, kuma matsalar ta ɓace. Darasi shi ne cewa a foda karfe, tarihin kayan yana kulle cikin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, kuma ba za ku iya kawar da mummunan farawa ba.
Wannan ya danganta ne ga dalilin da ya sa kamfanoni masu karfi na karfe, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), sau da yawa suna da kafa. Bayan da kuka yi aiki sama da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, kuna haɓaka jin daɗin yadda alluran ke aiki a ƙarƙashin zazzagewar zafi. Wannan tunanin yana iya canjawa wuri. Lokacin da muka kalli foda na tushen nickel don bangaren PM, ba kawai muna ganin foda ba; muna tunani game da halayen ƙarfafawar sa, kwanciyar hankali na lokaci-ilimin da aka samu daga shekarun da suka gabata na zuba jari tare da irin wannan gami. Yana canza zance daga yin wannan siffa zuwa abin da microstructure muke nema?
Wani mahimmin batu shine sarrafa foda. Da alama ba komai bane, amma ɗaukar danshi, ko da a cikin yanayin da aka sarrafa, na iya yin barna. Ga bakin karfe foda, yana da kisa. Kuna iya samun kyakkyawan ɓangaren kore a cikin latsa, kawai don samun ƙuƙuwa da canza launin bayan kunnuwa. Gyaran yana sau da yawa a cikin kayan aiki da ma'ajiya - wani abu mai sauƙi don ƙididdigewa idan kuna zuwa daga injinan gargajiya ko kuma simintin gyare-gyare inda kuka fara da ingantaccen haja.
Inda PM da Machining suka yi karo (da Haɗin kai)
A tsarki foda karfe bangare, kai tsaye daga cikin tanderun sinter, galibi abin zato ne don aikace-aikacen juriya mai ƙarfi. Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tare da mashin ɗin CNC ya zama wanda ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Tunanin a haɗaɗɗen masana'anta yana da mahimmanci sosai. A wurin aikinmu, rukunin PM da filin injinan CNC ba a rufe su ba. Masanan injinan sun san cewa ɓangaren da aka ƙera ba ƙaƙƙarfan tubalin karfe ba ne; za a iya samun ƴan ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa, kuma suna daidaita ciyarwa da sauri daidai. Wannan ba kayan karatu bane; Ilimin kabilanci ne da aka shiga tsakanin fasahar sinadarai da ma'aikacin CNC.
Na tuna wani hadadden bangaren flanged tare da gear helical na ciki. An kafa hakoran gear ta PM zuwa siffa ta kusa - ƙoƙarin yin injin waɗanda suke da ƙarfi zai zama mafarki mai ban tsoro na ɓarna da lokaci. Amma fuskar flange tana buƙatar ƙarewar Ra 0.4 da madaidaicin daidaito. Shi kaɗai ba zai iya buga wannan ba. Don haka, mun yayyafa shi, sannan muka matsa shi a kan injin CNC. Dabarar ta kasance a cikin daidaitawa: ba za ku iya murkushe wani yanki ba kamar yadda kuke ƙirƙira. Mun ƙirƙira wani madaidaicin muƙamuƙi mai laushi wanda ya rarraba ƙarfin matsawa a cikin babban yanki na flange. Ƙananan daki-daki, amma ya hana murdiya kuma ya tabbatar da cewa fuskar da aka ƙera ta ƙarshe ta kasance gaskiya. Irin wannan gada tsari shine inda aka ƙirƙiri ainihin ƙimar.
Wannan haɗin kai shine abin da kuke gani a wuri kamar QSY. Gidan yanar gizon mu, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yana zayyana mahimman ayyukanmu a cikin simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, simintin saka hannun jari, da injinan CNC. Abin da yake nufi, da abin da muke rayuwa kullum, shine falsafar tsari-agnostic. Manufar ba shine siyar da sashin PM ko sashin simintin ba; shi ne don isar da ɓangaren aiki wanda ya dace da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, abin dogaro. Wani lokaci hakan yana nufin jigon PM tare da kayan aikin injina. Wani lokaci, yana nufin ba da shawara ga abokin ciniki cewa saboda yanayin nauyinsu na musamman da lissafi, simintin ƙirar harsashi na iya zama mafi ƙarfi fiye da sigar PM, duk da tsadar kayan aiki. Wannan gaskiyar ta zo ne daga samun kayan aiki da yawa a cikin akwatin.
Dilemma Dinsity: Ba Lamba Ba Ne Kawai
Dnsity shine tsattsarkan grail na PM, amma ma'auni ne na sneaky. Samun 7.4 g/cm3 akan wani sashi na ƙarfe shine abu ɗaya; tabbatar da cewa yawa iri ɗaya ne a ko'ina cikin ɓangaren wani ne. Porosity ba koyaushe ba ne abokan gaba - yana da kyau don ɗaukar nauyin kai-amma rarraba yana da mahimmanci. A cikin aikace-aikacen matsananciyar damuwa, yanki mai ƙarancin ƙima shine wurin ƙaddamar da fashewar da ke jiran faruwa.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya akan kayan lever don tsarin injin ruwa. Bangaren ya wuce matsakaicin adadin bincikensa tare da launuka masu tashi. Amma a gwajin filin, ya ci gaba da yin kasawa a wani takamaiman wuri. Sashin giciye na ƙarfe ya bayyana wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi mai zurfi wanda ya yi daidai da ainihin tsarin cika foda a cikin mutu. Gyaran ba kawai yana ƙara matsa lamba a duniya ba (wanda ke da haɗari ga lalacewa da lamination). We had to redesign the tool with multiple lower punches to compact the powder more uniformly from multiple axes. Ya kara tsada da rikitarwa ga kayan aiki, amma ya warware matsalar. Wannan shi ne irin foda karfe nuance wanda ke raba samfuri daga ɓangaren shirye-shiryen samarwa.
Wannan kuma shi ne inda ayyukan bayan-sintering kamar girma ko coining ke shigowa. Ba wai kawai don bugun juriyar juzu'i bane; za su iya yin aiki-taurare saman kuma su rufe porosity na waje. Tsari ne na sakandare wanda ke ƙara farashi, amma ga sassan da ke fuskantar lalacewa ko lalata, yana iya zama bambanci tsakanin rayuwar sabis na shekara ɗaya da shekara biyar. Shawarar ƙara waccan matakin ta zo ne zuwa ga yanke hukunci mai amfani kan zagayowar aikin sashin, ba kawai bugawa ba.
Lokacin PM Ba Amsar ba: Madadin Casting
Tare da zurfafa tushen mu a cikin simintin gyare-gyare, koyaushe muna kwatanta iyalai biyu na matakai. Akwai shiyyar da suke fafatawa, da kuma shiyyar da mutum ya yi fice a fili. Don ɗimbin maɗaukakiyar geometries na ciki—tunanin tashoshi masu sanyaya a cikin injin turbine — simintin saka hannun jari har yanzu sarki ne. Foda karfe yana fama da wasu ɓangarorin da ke ƙasa da sirara, ganuwar mai zurfi a cikin koren yanayi kafin sintiri.
Duk da haka, ga kayan da ke da wuyar yin simintin sifa tare da tsarin sauti, kamar wasu ƙarfe na kayan aiki masu sauri ko tungsten-nauyin gami, PM abin godiya ne. Yana kawar da rarrabuwa kuma yana ba da lafiya, rarraba carbide iri ɗaya. Muna da akwati don farantin karfe a cikin aikace-aikacen hakar ma'adinai. Kayan ya kasance babban ƙarfe na ƙarfe na chromium. Sigar simintin gyare-gyaren ya ci gaba da samun keɓancewar ramuka. Mun canza zuwa hanyar PM ta amfani da irin wannan foda abun ciki na foda, wanda ke biye da ma'aunin zafi mai zafi da sauri CNC niƙa zuwa girman. Rayuwar lalacewa ta karu da fiye da 300%. Farashin kowane bangare ya fi girma, amma jimlar farashin mallakar ya ragu.
Wannan shine jigon masana'anta mai amfani: zabar taswirar tsari mai kyau. Ba game da fifita fasaha ɗaya da kuke mallaka ba. A QSY, gaskiyar cewa muna da iyawar simintin gyare-gyare da kuma PM (tare da kammala CNC) yana tilasta mu mu zama haƙiƙa. Za mu iya gudanar da bincike ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. Wani lokaci, mafi kyawun bayani shine matasan. Mun yi sassa inda babban jiki shine simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi mai tsada, amma fage mai mahimmanci shine abin saka PM wanda aka yi da brazed ko kuma a kulle da injina a wurin yin simintin. Yana jin rashin ƙarfi, amma yana aiki da haske a cikin filin.
Makomar Ba Ƙari kawai ba ce
Yawancin buzz a yau yana kusa da masana'antar ƙari na ƙarfe, wanda shine, a zuciyarsa, nau'in foda karfe. Amma gargajiya-da-sinter da MIM (Metal Injection Molding) ba sa tafiya. Don babban girma, abubuwan da za'a iya maimaitawa, galibi suna da ƙarfin tattalin arziki fiye da bugu 3D. Juyin halitta da nake gani yana cikin foda da kansu-injiniya foda tare da sikelin nano-nano ko tsarin sifofi waɗanda ke ba da damar yin ɓacin rai a ƙananan yanayin zafi zuwa mafi kyawun ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa.
Kalubale mai amfani akan sararin sama shine dorewa. Sake amfani da foda babban abu ne. Ba duk foda ba za a iya sake amfani da shi ba, musamman bayan wasu yanayi masu banƙyama. Yadda kuke sarrafa magudanar ruwa - overspray, batches foda da ba a bayyana ba - yana zama damuwa abokin ciniki, ba kawai EPA ba. Yana da wani Layer na sarrafa tsari wanda ake ƙara zuwa jeri.
Don haka, lokacin da na yi tunanin 'game da ƙwayar foda', ba kawai tunanin wani tsari bane. Ina tunanin yanayin abu, tsarin sasantawa da dama, da haɗin gwiwar da suka dace tare da sauran fannonin masana'antu. Kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi, amma kawai idan kun fahimci yaren sa—harshen da ake magana da shi a cikin gradients masu yawa, girman rabo, da lanƙwasa, ba kawai akan takardar bayanai ba.
