Lokacin da kuka ji 'kamfanonin saka hannun jari na sararin samaniya', hoton nan da nan sau da yawa yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi, wurare masu sarrafa kansa suna fitar da ingantattun ruwan injin turbin. Wannan kadan ne daga tatsuniya. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni, ƙarin hannaye, kuma cike da sasantawa tsakanin ƙirar ƙira da ƙira mai ƙira. Ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne; game da yin siffar da ta tsira daga binciken ultrasonic, hawan zafi, da damuwa na inji, tsari bayan tsari. Yawancin sababbi, har ma da wasu injiniyoyi, suna raina ilimin kimiyyar abin duniya da sarrafa tsarin da aka binne a cikin kalmar 'ɓataccen kakin zuma'.
Core: Yana da Duk Game da Shell (da Jira)
Ainihin sihiri, kuma babban ciwon kai, a cikin simintin zuba jari na sararin samaniya ba kakin zuma ko karfe ba ne - harsashi ne na yumbu. Samun wannan harsashi mai nau'i-nau'i dama fasaha ce da aka kama kamar kimiyya. A slurry danko, da stucco yashi size rarraba, bushewa yanayi ta zafi da zafin jiki... kowane m canjawa karshe girma daidaito da kuma saman gama. Na ga ayyukan jinkiri na tsawon makonni saboda yanayin dakin harsashi bai tsaya tsayin daka ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan fashe-fashe waɗanda kawai ke nunawa bayan zubawa da shakeout. Yana da sannu a hankali; kana gina harsashi, bushewa, gina wani Layer. Babu gaggawar sa ba tare da lalata mutunci ba.
Wannan shi ne inda kamfanonin da zurfin aiwatar al'adunmu, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), suna da gefen da za a iya gani. Aiki sama da shekaru talatin, sun yi yuwuwar ganin kowane yanayin gazawar harsashi. Wannan ma'auni memory a kan su website a tsingtaocnc.com ba talla kawai ba ne. Yana fassara zuwa sanin, alal misali, yadda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gawa na tushen nickel ke hulɗa tare da haɓakar haɓakar tsarin su na harsashi. Wannan ba ilimin littafi bane; yana shiga cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rikodin tsari.
Zaɓin kayan da za a cire don harsashi-fused silica, zircon, alumina-silicate-an yi shi ne ta hanyar haɗakar da ake jefawa. Zuba superalloy a cikin harsashi mara kyau, kuma kuna samun halayen sinadarai, gurɓataccen ƙasa, da wani ɓangaren da ya zama guntu. Wasan da ya dace da shi ne wanda ke buƙatar ganowa don samun faffadan palette na kayan abu, wanda ambaton QSY na cobalt da na tushen nickel ya yi nuni a kai. Ba za ku iya tsalle kawai cikin jefa sabon gami ba; yana buƙatar sake cancantar tsarin harsashi, wanda ke da tsada, tsari mai ƙima.
Bayan Simintin Ɗaukaka: Rawar da ba a raba ta da CNC Machining
Anan ga wani muhimmin batu sau da yawa ba a rasa: babu simintin jirgin sama da gaske 'siffar hanyar sadarwa'. Kowane mahimmin mu'amala-fuskokin flange, ramukan kulle-kulle, saman rufewa-yana buƙatar injinan CNC da aka yi bayan simintin. Mafi kyau Kamfanonin jefa jarin sararin samaniya haɗa wannan damar ba tare da matsala ba. Dole ne a ƙera simintin gyare-gyare tare da yin amfani da datums a zuciya, kuma dole ne wurin samar da kayan aikin ya fahimci yadda saura damuwa daga simintin ya shafi karkatar da injin.
Na tuna da wani aiki na gidan injin turbine inda sashin simintin simintin ya wuce dubawa, amma yayin aikin injin, sashin bangon bakin ciki ya karkata kawai don share sashin. Batun? Hanyar cire kofa da hawan hawan ya haifar da damuwa na gida. Maganin ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar mashin ɗin da ke aiki tare da masana'antar ƙarfe don sake fasalin tsarin ciyar da simintin gyaran kafa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kamfani kamar QSY yana haskaka duka biyun zuba jari kuma CNC machining karkashin rufin daya yana da mahimmanci. Yana rufe madauki na amsawa tsakanin ƙirar simintin gyare-gyare da ɓangaren injina na ƙarshe, yana rage madaidaicin yanayin gazawa.
Machining na simintin gyare-gyaren superalloys wani dabba ne. Sau da yawa suna da wuya, ƙura, kuma suna da wuyar yin aiki tuƙuru. Yin amfani da hanyar kayan aiki da ba daidai ba ko mai sanyaya na iya haifar da ƙananan fashe-fashe a cikin saman, mai da tsarin simintin sauti zuwa abin alhaki. Haɗe-haɗe mai kaya ya fahimci wannan gabaɗaya. Sun san yadda kayan aikin simintin su ke aiki a ƙarƙashin injin nasu.
Abubuwan Nuances: Ba Duk Bakin Karfe Ba Daidai bane
Jera bakin karfe a matsayin abu kusan bashi da ma'ana a sararin samaniya. Shin muna magana ne game da 17-4PH don babban ƙarfi? 316L don juriya na lalata? Ko darajar martensitic na mallakar takamammen ɓangaren kayan saukarwa? Kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban na narkewa, zubowa, da halayen maganin zafi. Haƙiƙan gwaji don ganowa yana cikin gami na musamman: masu tushen nickel kamar Inconel 718 ko 713C, waɗanda sune madaidaitan abubuwan sassa masu zafi.
Yin wannan wasa ne mai girma. Suna da tsada, suna da tagogi kunkuntar sarrafawa (tsakanin zafin jiki tsakanin solidus da liquidus yana da ƙarfi), kuma suna buƙatar daidaitaccen magani na zafi don cimma hazo gamma da ake buƙata. Duk wani sabani a cikin adadin sanyaya na iya canza kaddarorin inji. An tabbatar da iyawar kafuwar ta hanyar daidaiton waɗannan kayan fiye da ɗaruruwan zubowa. ambaton irin waɗannan allunan ta kamfani kamar QSY kai tsaye yana nuna alamar haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙarin aikace-aikacen buƙatu, wucewa fiye da sassa na tsari.
Maganin zafi gabaɗayan ƙaramin tsari ne. Ba kawai zagayowar tanda ba ne; yanayi ne mai kulawa a hankali (sau da yawa vacuum ko argon) don hana iskar oxygenation (scaling) da decarburization. Daidaitawar tanderu, ƙimar tudu, matsakaicin kashe wuta-duk suna da mahimmanci. Maganin zafi mara kyau na iya lalata simintin simintin gyare-gyare, kuma ana iya gano lahani a gwajin gajiya kawai.
Kundin Gating da Ciyarwa: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da Ayyuka
Software na CAD na iya yin kwatankwacin ciko mold da ƙarfafawa, amma ainihin duniyar koyaushe tana ƙara wrinkles. Zayyana tsarin gating da riser ( feeder) shine babban ƙalubalen injiniyan mafarin. Manufar ita ce a cimma daidaituwar shugabanci, inda sashin ya fara ƙarfafawa, ciyarwa daga masu tashi, don guje wa raguwar porosity. Yana jin kai tsaye, amma tare da hadaddun, siraran-bangon sararin samaniya geometries, mafarki ne mai ban tsoro.
Yawancin lokaci dole ne ku sasanta. Ƙara ƙarin ko mafi girma hawan yana inganta sauti amma yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa (raɗin nauyin kashi na ƙarshe zuwa jimlar ƙarfe da aka zuba), wanda don superalloys masu tsada yana busa kasafin kuɗi. Hakanan yana haifar da ƙarin wuraren tuntuɓar don cirewa daga baya, mai yuwuwar yin tasiri a saman. Na kasance cikin sake dubawa inda muka yi tazarar dozin iri-iri na ƙirar gating, muna sadaukar da ɗan madaidaicin nauyi don ingantaccen tsarin tsari. Dole ne a tsara masu hawan da kansu don su daɗe da narkakkar su fiye da ɓangaren, wanda ya haɗa da lissafin modulus (rabin juzu'i-zuwa-surface-yanki).
Wannan tsantsar hukunci ne, hukuncin aikin injiniya. Wani injiniya mai kyau zai iya kallon ɓangaren giciye kuma ya san inda wuri mai zafi zai kasance da kuma inda porosity zai iya ɓoye. An gina wannan hukunci akan shekaru na yanke samfurin simintin gyare-gyare (gwajin lalata) da kwatanta tsarin ciki zuwa tsinkayar simintin.
Nagarta Tsarin Muhalli ne, Ba Sashe ba
Gudanar da inganci a cikin simintin zuba jari na sararin samaniya ba matakin dubawa ba ne na ƙarshe; an saka shi cikin kowane mataki. Yana farawa da kakin zuma mai shigowa da takaddun shaida na kayan yumbu. Sa'an nan shi ne sarrafa tsari: saka idanu slurry tanki yanayin zafi, aunawa harsashi kauri a kowane tsoma, rikodi zuba yanayin zafi da kuma lokuta. Bayan yin simintin gyare-gyare, za ku matsa zuwa NDT (Gwajin Ba Mai lalacewa): Dubawa mai ƙwanƙwasawa (FPI) don fashewar saman ƙasa, radiyo (X-ray) don ɓoyayyen ciki, da ƙara, CT scan don haɗaɗɗun wurare na ciki.
Babban sashi shine ganowa. Kowane bangare, daga ƙaramin sashi zuwa babban akwati na injin turbine, dole ne a iya gano shi zuwa lambar zafi mai narkewa, harsashinsa yana gina bacinsa, yawan zubewarsa, da kuma nau'in maganin zafi. Wannan yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na bayanai. Rashin gazawa a fagen shekaru daga baya yana nufin dole ne ku iya gano baya don ganin ko wasu sassa na wannan kayan ko tsari na cikin haɗari. Ikon kamfani don sarrafa wannan bayanan amintacce babban sashi ne na amincinsa.
A ƙarshe, alamar mai iya samarwa ba kawai yin samfuri mai kyau ba ne. Yana isar da daidaito, inganci da ake iya ganowa a ƙimar samarwa mai inganci, kowace shekara. Yana da game da samun tsare-tsare da horo don kama ɗigon ruwa a cikin ma'auni kafin ya samar da guntun tarkace. Wannan shine ainihin abin da kuke nema lokacin da kuke kimanta waɗannan kamfanoni-zurfin tsarin da ke bayan ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyare.
