Lokacin da ka ce 'simintin yashi', yawancin mutane suna ɗaukar hoton fim ɗin baƙar fata da fari na wani katafaren gini, tartsatsin wuta da yawo, maza suna sheƙa yashi. Wannan ba laifi ba ne, amma shi ne bakin kankara. Ainihin labarin yana cikin cikakkun bayanai - sasantawa, warware matsalar, faɗin abin da wannan tsari zai iya kuma ba zai iya yi ba. Ba wai kawai don yin ƙira a cikin yashi ba; game da sarrafa raye-rayen zafi, ilmin sinadarai, da kimiyyar lissafi don samun sashin da za a iya amfani da shi. Takaddun bayanai da yawa sun shigo tare da simintin yashi wanda aka ɗauka azaman arha, zaɓi mai sauƙi ga komai. Wannan hanya ce mai sauri don ƙone kuɗi da lokaci. Bari mu yi magana game da inda yake haskakawa da gaske, inda ya faɗi, da kuma ainihin abin da kuke buƙatar sani kafin ku aikata.
Mahimmancinsa: Green Sand vs. No-Bake, kuma Me yasa yake da mahimmanci
Idan ba ku da zurfi a cikin duniyar da aka samo asali, kuna iya tunanin yashi kawai yashi ne. Wannan shine babban rabo na farko. Koren yashi simintin gyaran kafa- classic - yana amfani da yashi mai laushi, yashi mai yumbu. Yana da sauri, sake amfani da shi, kuma datti mai arha ga kayan ƙira da kanta. Amma 'kore' yana nufin danshi, ba dabi'ar yanayi ba. Daidaiton girma? Mu kira shi 'gafara'. Kuna samun kyakkyawar gamawa don aikin simintin gyare-gyare, amma kuna ma'amala da lahani masu alaƙa da danshi idan ba'a sarrafa yashi daidai ba. Gas ramukan, kumburi-yana da akai yakin ma'auni.
Sannan kuna da babu gasa yashi simintin gyare-gyare tsarin. Yashi mai ɗaure. Waɗannan suna ba ku ƙaƙƙarfan tsayayyen ƙira, ingantaccen daidaito, da kyakkyawan ƙarewa. The ciniki-off? Farashin kowane nau'i ya fi girma, kuma gyaran yashi yana ƙara wayo. Ba za ku zaɓi tsakanin su bisa ga littafi ba; ka zaɓa bisa ga juzu'i na juzu'i, gami, da matakin ingancin da ake buƙata. Don nau'in ƙarfe mai launin toka mai sauƙi, koren yashi mai yiwuwa yana da kyau. Don hadadden ɓangaren ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarar inda kayan aikin injin ke da mahimmanci, ƙila kuna kallon tsarin ba gasa ba, wataƙila ma matasan kamar harsashi gyare-gyaren QSY, kodayake wannan dabba ce ta daban.
Na tuna wani aiki na famfo gidaje, matsakaicin girma, a cikin ductile baƙin ƙarfe. Zane ya yi kira da a tsaurara juriya a kan wuraren da babur. Mun ambace shi a matsayin babu gasa. Abokin ciniki ya tura baya, yana son ƙimar yashi mai rahusa. Mun gwada samfurin gudu. Bambancin ma'auni na as-simintin ya kasance a ko'ina. Shagon mashin ɗin ya kasa riƙe wuri saboda alawus ɗin hannun jari ba iri ɗaya bane. Mun ƙare cin abinci don canzawa zuwa tsakiyar samarwa ba gasa ba. Darasi? Tsarin 'mai rahusa' ba shi da rahusa idan ya lalata ayyukan ku na ƙasa. Wannan shine nau'in lissafi mai amfani kamar shago Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), tare da shekarun da suka gabata a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, suna yin ilhami - suna ganin dukan sarkar, ba kawai zuba ba.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Abu: Ba Akan Narkewa Ne Kawai ba
Kuna iya jefa kusan duk wani ƙarfe da ke zubowa cikin ƙirar yashi. Bakin ƙarfe, ƙarfe, bakin karfe, tagulla, aluminum. Kama shine yadda kayan ke aiki tare da yashi. Haɗaɗɗen zafin jiki, kamar lissafin QSY na tushen nickel, suna gabatar da sauran nau'ikan sarƙaƙƙiya. Canja wurin zafi ya bambanta. Karfe yana tsayawa ruwa ya dade, wanda zai iya haifar da karin yashi konewa da shiga, yana lalata saman. Kuna iya buƙatar yashin fuska na musamman ko sutura - tushen zircon, sau da yawa - wanda ke ƙara farashi da matakai.
Aluminum yashi simintin gyare-gyare shine duniyarsa. Ga alama mai sauƙi saboda ƙananan zafin jiki, amma yana da sauƙi ga raguwar porosity da zubar da ciki idan gating da tashin ba a tsara su daidai ba. Ruwan ruwa yana da kyau, don haka yana cika sassan bakin ciki da kyau, amma wannan kuma yana nufin yana da sauri don nuna duk wani lahani da ke da alaƙa da tashin hankali. Don aluminum, ingancin maganin narkewa (degassing, tace hatsi) kafin ya taɓa yashi shine kashi 50% na yaƙin. Gine-ginen da ke yin aluminium mai yawa zai sami saiti da fasaha daban-daban fiye da wanda ya ƙware a simintin ƙarfe.
Mun taɓa yin gwaji tare da gawa na tushen cobalt don farantin lalacewa. Ita kanta gami ta kasance abin tsoro ga tushen. Tsarin simintin yashi shine kawai hanyar da za ta iya aiki saboda girman sashin. Babban batu shi ne yaga mai zafi. Matsakaicin ƙarfi na gami da kamewa daga ƙirar yashi sun haifar da tsage kowane lokaci. Dole ne mu sake tsara sashin lissafi don samun ƙarin kauri na bango iri ɗaya, mu ƙara ƙwanƙwasa dabara (karin kayan) a wasu wurare don kawai a sarrafa shi daga baya, kuma mu yi amfani da gaurayawar yashi mai saurin rushewa. Ya yi aiki, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya yi muni. Ya haskaka cewa tare da m alloys. yashi simintin gyare-gyare Yawancin lokaci sulhu ne tsakanin 'yanci na geometric da amincin kayan abu.
Tsarin: Jari na Farko kuma Mafi Muhimmanci
Komai yana farawa da tsari. Itace, robobi, ƙarfe, ko a zamanin yau, 3D-bugu yashi molds kai tsaye. Farashin ƙirar shine farashin ku na farko. Don samfuri ko ƙaranci mai ƙaranci, kumfa mai injuna (tsari mai kashewa) ko ƙirar yashi da aka buga na 3D sune masu canza wasa. Amma don samarwa, kuna buƙatar tsari mai dorewa. Ƙarshen akan tsarin yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ƙare akan simintin gyare-gyare. Duk wani karce, kowane ajizanci, ana maimaita shi.
Kuskuren daftarin aiki. Wannan yana kama da Foundry 101, amma za ku yi mamakin yadda injiniyoyi da yawa suka manta don ƙara ingantaccen daftarin, ko mafi muni, ƙira mara kyau. A cikin koren yashi, kuna buƙatar ƙarin daftarin aiki saboda kuna ramming yashi a kusa da tsarin - kuna buƙatar cire shi da tsabta. A cikin babu gasa, za ku iya wani lokaci ku tafi tare da ƙasa saboda ƙirar ta warke kuma tana da ƙarfi. Rabin-digiri na iya zama bambanci tsakanin tsarin da ke dawwama ga dubban kyawon tsayuwa da wanda ya lalace akan ja na hamsin.
Izinin tsari. Wannan kwarewa ce mai tsafta. Kuna ƙara ƙarin kayan (abin ba da izini) zuwa ƙirar don haka simintin ya fito da girman gaske, a shirye don injinan CNC. Amma nawa? Ya dogara da girman sashi, gami (yawan raguwa), da motsin bangon ƙirar da ake tsammani. Don babban simintin ƙarfe, zaku iya ƙara 3-5mm kowace farfajiya. Yi kuskure, kuma ko dai ku bar haja mai yawa, ɓata lokacin injina da rayuwar kayan aiki, ko kaɗan, yana haifar da lahani na 'fata' inda kayan aikin ba zai iya tsaftace saman simintin simintin ba. Wannan shine inda shagunan haɗaka ke da babbar fa'ida. Kamfanin da ke yin duka biyu yashi simintin gyare-gyare da kuma Injin CNC a cikin gida, kamar QSY, na iya inganta wannan alawus dangane da bayanan tarihin nasu daga shagunan injin ɗin su, ba akan zato ba. Suna rufe madauki.
Gating da Risering: The Invisible Art
Wannan shine baƙar sihiri na aikin ganowa. A nan ne kimiyya ta haɗu da fasaha, kuma wani lokaci, addu'a. Tsarin gating-tashoshin da ke jagorantar ƙarfe a cikin rami mai ƙura-yana buƙatar cika ƙirar da sauri amma a hankali. Hargitsi shine abokan gaba; yana haifar da haɗakar oxide da yashwar yashi. Kuna son kwararar laminar. Masu tashi (ko masu ciyarwa) su ne tafkunan ƙarfe masu zafi waɗanda ke ciyar da ruwa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare yayin da yake ƙarfafawa, yana hana raguwa.
Akwai software don wannan yanzu, simintin ƙarfafawa, kuma yana da matuƙar daraja. Amma har yanzu jagora ne. Ainihin gwajin shine yanke samfurin simintin gyare-gyare, 'yanke gani', don ganin ko masu tashi sun yi aiki, idan ƙarfe ya ciyar da kyau. Na ga kyawawan abubuwan da aka kwaikwaya sun gaza a zahiri saboda yashin yashi ya kashe a ranar, ko kuma yawan zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da digiri 20 na ma'aunin celcius fiye da yadda aka tsara.
Rashin gazawar al'ada ita ce shingen ƙarfe mai kauri mai kauri. Mun sanya babban mai tashi, ma'ana ya ce yakamata yayi aiki. Simintin ya wuce dubawa na gani. Karkashin X-ray? Babban rami mai raguwa daidai a tsakiyar sashin kauri. Mai tashi ya daskare da wuri; bai tsaya ruwa mai tsawo ba don ciyar da wannan wuri mai zafi. Gyaran ba shine ya fi girma ba, amma yana canza siffarsa zuwa ƙirar 'wuyan-ƙasa' wanda ya daɗe yana zafi, da kuma amfani da hannun riga na exothermic don tattara zafi. Waɗannan ƙanana ne, cikakkun bayanai marasa kyan gani-nau'ikan hannun hannu, sanyi (gutsuniyoyi na ƙarfe da aka sanya a cikin yashi don zana zafi), da kuma wurin tacewa - waɗanda ke raba ɓangaren juzu'i daga sauti.
Gaskiyar Bayan-Cast: Tsaftacewa, Kammalawa, da Kayan Aikin Injiniya
Sashin yana fitowa daga cikin yashi, kuma ainihin aikin ya fara. Shakeout, yanke ƙofofi da masu hawa (ana cire ƙofofin sau da yawa tare da bandsaw ko abin yankan abrasive, masu tashi na iya buƙatar fitila don ƙarfe), fashewar fashewar abubuwa don tsaftace saman. Wannan yana da ƙwaƙƙwaran aiki kuma galibi ana yin watsi da shi a cikin tsarawa. Haɗaɗɗen lissafin lissafi tare da sassa na ciki shine mafarki mai ban tsoro don tsaftacewa. Yashi yana kamawa. Idan kuna yin jikin bawul, zai fi kyau ku sami kyakkyawan ƙirar ƙira da tanadin ƙwanƙwasa, ko za ku kasance kuna ɗaukar sa'o'i tare da chisels na pneumatic da sanduna.
Ƙarshen saman daga simintin yashi shine, gaskiya, m. Yana da siffa mai siffa. Don aikace-aikace da yawa, yana da kyau. Ga wasu, yana buƙatar cire shi da injina. Wannan ita ce hanyar haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci. Dole ne a ƙera simintin gyare-gyare don murƙushewa a cikin injin niƙa na CNC ko lathe. Kuna buƙatar gano sanduna, saman injinan da aka kafa azaman datums. Idan kamfen ɗin da injina keɓaɓɓu ne daban-daban, wannan kayan aikin yana cike da nuna yatsa. Simintin ku ya lalace. Gyaran injin ku ba daidai ba ne.
Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar hanyar ita ce ke sa mai kaya kamar QSY tursasawa. Suna ɗaukar ɗanyen simintin simintin gyare-gyare daga nasu ginin bene, suna tsara tsarin injin ɗin a kusa da sanannun masu canjin nasu yashi simintin gyare-gyare tsari - mai yiwuwa murdiya, ainihin wurin da ake raba layin, da saura danniya jihar-da inji shi. Suna sarrafa masu canji daga zubowa zuwa ɓangaren gamawa. Ga injiniyan da ke samo wani sashi, wannan ci gaba yana rage haɗari sosai. Ba kawai kuna siyan simintin gyare-gyare ba; kana siyan tsarin tafiyar da aka gyara sama da shekaru 30 na yin sassa iri ɗaya, daga gyare-gyaren harsashi don daidaito zuwa yashi simintin gyare-gyare don girma da girma, har zuwa mafi girman injuna na ƙarshe.
Don haka, Yaushe Zaku Zaɓa Yashi?
Ba shine amsar kowace tambayar sashin karfe ba. Yana da lokacin da kuke buƙatar ƙayyadaddun lissafi waɗanda ba za a iya ƙirƙira su cikin sauƙi ko sarrafa su daga hannun jari ba, amma ba kwa buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙaƙƙarfan ƙudurin saka hannun jari. Yana da matsakaici zuwa manyan sassa, daga ƴan kilogiram har zuwa ton masu yawa. Yana da ga gami waɗanda ke da wahalar aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin. Yana da lokacin da farashin kayan aiki don simintin mutuwa ya haramta ga ƙarar ku.
Tsari ne na rashin kamala. Kuna karɓar wasu daftarin aiki, wasu ƙarin hajoji, wasu ƙarancin ƙasa, don musanya yancin ƙira da ƙarancin kayan aiki. Makullin shine aiki tare da tushen da ke fahimtar waɗannan tallace-tallace a matakin gut, wanda zai iya jagorantar ƙira, kuma yana da damar da ke ƙasa don sadar da abin da aka gama, ba kawai simintin gyare-gyare ba. Wannan shine gaskiyar zamani na wannan tsohon tsari. Ba batun shebur da tartsatsi ba ne kuma. Yana da game da haɗakar kimiyyar abu, injiniyanci, da zurfi, wani lokacin takaici, sanin abin da ke faruwa lokacin da ƙarfe 1500-digiri ya haɗu da yashi mai ɗaure.
A ƙarshe, nasara yashi simintin gyare-gyare ya rage game da kammala kowane mataki guda ɗaya kuma game da tsara duk waɗanda basu cika ba don haka kurakuran su ya ƙare. Kuna daidaita raunin yashi da raguwar ƙarfe, farashin ƙirar akan ƙarar ɓangaren, rashin ƙarfi na simintin gyare-gyare a kan izinin injin. Samun wannan ma'auni daidai, kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi dacewa kuma mafi kyawun hanyoyin da za a yi ɓangaren ƙarfe a can. Yi kuskure, kuma an bar ku da takarda mai tsada mai tsada.
