Mu yanke surutu. Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'simintin aikin noma', suna kwatanta sassauƙa, ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangaren ƙarfe. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ita ce babban wasan kimiyyar abin duniya, daidaici, da kuma tsira da yanayin fage mai muni. A nan ne wani ɗan ƙaramin aibi a cikin akwati na gearbox ko tip ɗin pluughshare zai iya rufe girbi. Na ga ƙira da yawa sun gaza saboda injiniyoyi sun ɗauki simintin gyare-gyare a matsayin kayan masarufi, ba kamar kayan aikin injiniya ba. Bambancin shine komai.
Muhimmin Rashin fahimta: Ƙarfi vs. Rayuwar gajiya
Kowa yayi ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi. Yana da sauƙin lamba don tambaya. Amma a cikin injina, kusan na biyu kenan. Abin da ke kashe sashi shine rayuwa gajiya. Yi tunani game da haɗin gwiwar tarakta ko dutsen tsinken tsinke mai tsinke. Ba babban kaya ɗaya ba ne; ƙananan girgiza miliyan goma ne, girgiza, da tasiri akan ƙasa mai dutse. Ƙarfin simintin gyare-gyare mai tsayi zai iya fashe da wuri idan ƙananan tsarinsa bai dace da gajiya ba.
Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar shekaru da suka gabata tare da samfurin abokin ciniki don cibiyar ɗaukar kaya mai nauyi mai nauyi. Simintin farko a cikin madaidaicin ƙarfe na ductile ya wuce duk gwaje-gwajen lodin tsaye. Kyawawan ƙarewa, cikakke girma. Watanni shida cikin gwaji na filin a Tsakiyar Yamma, mun sami kira: karaya mai haɗari a tudu mai hawa. Binciken gazawar ya nuna asalin gajiya na gargajiya. Batun ba ƙarfi ba ne; shi ne siffar nodule graphite da rarrabawa a cikin matrix baƙin ƙarfe. Dole ne mu canza zuwa ƙarfe na musamman na ferritic ductile iron tare da tsauraran matakan sarrafawa akan allura. Wannan ƙirar cibiyar har yanzu tana gudana a yau.
Wannan shine inda gwaninta na kafuwar ya nuna. Shago kamar Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY) samun shi. Tare da shekaru 30, sun ga waɗannan gazawar. Ba wai kawai suna zubowa a takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba; suna tambaya game da aikace-aikacen, hawan hawan kaya, abubuwan da aka makala. Wannan tattaunawar ta fi kowace takardar shaida daraja.
Me yasa Zaɓin Tsari Baya Zabi
Simintin gyare-gyaren Shell tare da simintin saka hannun jari tare da koresan - ba menu na farashi ba ne. Shawara ce mai aiki. Don hadaddun abubuwa, masu sirara-bangara kamar jikin bawul ɗin ruwa ko rikitattun maganganun watsawa, harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa sau da yawa shi ne gwarzon da ba a waka ba. Yana ba ku ingantacciyar ƙasa da daidaiton girma fiye da simintin yashi na gargajiya, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin lokacin machining akan CNC daga baya. Wannan yana adana kuɗi, amma mafi mahimmanci, yana kiyaye mutuncin fata na simintin, wanda sau da yawa shine mafi wuya.
Na tuna wani aiki na bangaren yankan rake. Bangaren yana da tashoshi na ciki kuma yana buƙatar zama ɗan haske amma mai kauri. Greensand ya kasance mai wahala sosai, kuma cikakken saka hannun jari ya yi tsada sosai don ƙarar. Tsarin ƙirar harsashi daga QSY shine cikakkiyar ƙasa ta tsakiya. Daftarin kusurwoyi da suka ba da shawarar ba da izinin zane mai tsafta, kuma saman simintin simintin yana da kyau sosai za mu iya rage izinin yin injin, adana abubuwa da yawa da lokacin sake zagayowar akan gadaje na CNC.
Amma ba za ku iya zama akida ba. Don ƙananan sassa masu rikitarwa kamar nasihu na bututun ruwa don masu feshi ko ƙananan kayan sawa, zuba jari ita ce hanya daya tilo. Madaidaicin daidai yake. Ciniki-kashe shine farashi da iyakance girman girman. Dole ne ku san lokacin amfani da kayan aiki.
Material Maze: Bayan Ƙarfin Cast
Simintin ƙarfe kalmar banza ce a nan. Shin muna magana ne akan ƙarfe mai launin toka (mai kyau don damƙar girgiza, mummunan tashin hankali)? Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (tauri, amma duba sashin hankali)? Ko wataƙila ƙarfen graphite ɗin da aka haɗa don wannan tabo mai daɗi tsakanin gajiyar zafi da machinability? Don ɓangarorin lalacewa kamar wuraren noman noma, galibi muna matsawa cikin gami na musamman. Wannan shi ne inda ambaton QSY na cobalt ko na'ura mai amfani da nickel ya shigo cikin wasa.
Muna da akwati tare da ruwan fanka mai yada taki wanda ya ci gaba da sawa a babban gefen daga lalatawar. Standard martensitic bakin karfe bai yanke shi ba. Mun yi samfuri tare da gawa na tushen nickel tare da babban abun ciki na chromium carbide. Yin simintin gyare-gyaren ya fi wahala-maɗaukakin zafin jiki, ƙarin haɗarin tsagewar zafi. Gidan ginin ya daidaita tsarin gating kuma yayi amfani da hannayen riga na musamman. Farashin ɓangaren ya ninka sau uku, amma rayuwar sabis ɗin ta ya ƙaru da kashi takwas. Ga abokin ciniki, jimlar kuɗin mallakar ya ragu. Wannan shine nau'in ƙimar aikin injiniya na gaske na ƙwarewar simintin simintin.
Gaggawar Hannun Machining: Inda Yin Simintin Tattaunawa Da Kanshi Da gaske
Za a iya lalata cikakkiyar simintin gyare-gyare a farkon machining op. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin kamfen ɗin da kantin injin tana da mahimmanci. Fi dacewa, suna ƙarƙashin rufin daya. Matsalolin ciki daga sanyaya, wurare masu wuya, ƴan bambance-bambance a cikin taurin-idan injin ɗin bai san suna can ba, za su iya lalata kayan aiki ko haifar da fasa.
Wannan ita ce babbar fa'idar mai bada haɗin kai a tsaye. Lokacin da kamfani ɗaya wanda ke zub da simintin, kamar QSY, shima yana gudanar da aikin Injin CNC Cibiyoyin, suna da ilimin tsari da aka toya a ciki. Sun san yadda wani nau'i na musamman na karfe ke aiki a ƙarƙashin abin yanka. Suna iya daidaita ciyarwa da sauri daga gwaninta, ba kawai daga jagorar ba. Suna kuma tsara simintin gyare-gyare tare da machining a zuciya: ƙara fasalin datum, tabbatar da daidaiton kaurin bango don rage girgiza yayin niƙa.
Na kasance a cikin shuke-shuke inda simintin gyare-gyare da machining suka bambanta. Wasan zargi yana farawa lokacin da ɗan wasan ya karye. Kayan ku bai dace ba. Tsarin ku ba daidai ba ne. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi, matsalar matsala ce kawai don warwarewa. Za su koma wurin rajistan ayyukan, duba bayanan ƙimar sanyaya, kuma za su tweak tsarin don gudu na gaba. Wannan ci gaba shine zinariya.
Kasawa A Matsayin Malami (Wadanda Baka Manta)
Kuna ƙarin koyo daga rukunin da aka goge fiye da cikakkun sassa dubu. A farkon lokacina na ma'amala da wasan simintin gyare-gyare na Ag, muna da oda don ɗaruruwan maƙallan tarakta masu ƙima. Sashi mai sauƙi, ko don haka muka yi tunani. Suna fashe a cikin ajiya, kafin a taɓa kulle su. Abin kunya da tsada.
Tushen dalili? Damuwa lalatawar fata. An adana maƙallan a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai ɗanɗano. Ragowar damuwa daga tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, haɗe tare da takamaiman sunadarai a cikin karfe (kadan da yawa na wani abu, na manta ainihin kashi a yanzu), ya haifar da hadari mai kyau. Maganin ba kawai canjin sunadarai ba ne; yana aiwatar da tsarin kawar da damuwa-dama bayan girgizawa. Zagayen tanda mai sauƙi, ƙananan zafin jiki. Yanzu yana da daidaitaccen tsari na wannan ɓangaren iyali. Wannan darasi akan maganin zafi bayan simintin gyare-gyare bai taɓa barina ba. Ire-iren ilimin tauhidi ne wanda aka dade ana taruwa a cikin kashinsa.
Neman Gaba: Juyin Juya Hali
Gaba ba game da wasu sabbin kayan sihiri ba. Yana da game da tsinkaya da haɗin kai. Software na kwaikwaiyo don ciko gyare-gyare da ƙarfafawa yana samun mafi kyau, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar tabbatar da shekarun da suka gabata na bayanai masu amfani-irin QSY yana da. Manufar ita ce sifili sifili, inda farkon fitar da simintin samarwa ya kasance shirye-shiryen sabis.
Sauran yanayin shine ganowa. Tare da manyan gonaki da tsauraran dabaru, gazawar tana buƙatar komawa zuwa ga narke, zafi, har ma da motsi. Ƙarin kafuwar suna ɗaukar tsarin don wannan. Yana ƙara farashi, amma don mahimman layin tuƙi ko simintin gyare-gyare masu alaƙa da aminci a cikin injinan noma, ya zama mara ƙulli. Yin simintin gyare-gyare ba wani bangare ba ne kawai; bayanai ne a cikin tsarin rayuwar injin.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke tunani simintin gyaran injinan noma, kada ku yi tunanin dunƙule na ƙarfe. Yi tunanin wani abu mai jurewa gajiya, ingantaccen tsari, kayan aikin injin da aka haifa daga haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe, kimiyyar lissafi, da ƙwarewar nasara. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin bangaren da ke rayuwa a yanayi na zamani da wanda ke tsira daga tsararraki. Wannan shine ainihin simintin.
