Lokacin da kuka ji 'simintin saka hannun jari na gami da ƙarfe', tunanin nan da nan yakan yi tsalle zuwa maki - 4140, 4340, 8620 - da alƙawarin haɗaɗɗun geometries. Maganar ƙasida kenan. Ainihin labarin, wanda ke ƙayyade idan wani sashi yana rayuwa ko ya mutu a cikin sabis, yana farawa bayan kun yi alama a cikin kwalin akan sinadarai. Yana game da 'yadda', ba kawai 'mene' ba. Na ga zane-zane da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyadadden gami da babban aiki kawai don gazawa saboda fahimtar tsari ba a can. Abin sha'awa a bayyane yake: sassan sifofi na kusa-net-net, kyakkyawan ƙarewar farfajiya, 'yancin ƙira. Amma tazarar da ke tsakanin wannan jan hankali da bangaren aiki da ke zaune a cikin taro shine inda ainihin aikin ke faruwa.
The Core Dance: Alloy Halaye da Tsari Windows
Bari muyi magana game da narkewa. Tare da gami karfe, kana ba kawai zuba ruwa karfe; kana sarrafa hadaddiyar giyar abubuwan da kowannensu ke son nuna hali daban yayin ƙarfafawa. Chromium, molybdenum, nickel - suna can don ƙarfi da ƙarfi, amma kuma suna canza tsarin ƙarfafawa. Rikici na kowa shine kula da zubowa kamar daidaitaccen ƙarfe na carbon. Ba haka ba. Danko yana canzawa, ruwa yana canzawa. Idan tsarin gating ɗinku da tashin ku an tsara shi don 'karfe' na gabaɗaya, kuna gayyato ƙarancin ƙazanta a mafi munin wurare, galibi a ɓoye a ciki. Na tuna da tarin makamai na lefa don tsarin ruwa, a cikin 8630, wanda ya wuce binciken farko amma ya gaza a gwajin gajiya. Fagen karaya ya nuna wani babban rami na raguwa daidai a fillet mai tsananin damuwa. Tsarin ya kasance cikakke, taron kakin zuma yana da kyau. Batun? Zazzaɓin zafin jiki ya ɗan yi girma sosai don takamaiman halayen zafi na gami, yana haɓaka wani yanayin raguwa. Mun sake buga shi, ba ta lambar littafin jagora ba, amma ta hanyar ji da gwaje-gwaje na jere, kuma matsalar ta ɓace.
Wannan shine inda harsashi ya zama mai mahimmanci. Ba kawai m mold. Ga kayan ƙarfe na gami, waɗanda galibi suna da yanayin zafi mai girma, juriyar girgiza harsashi da yuwuwar ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Harsashin da ya yi rauni sosai zai tsage ko ya lalace; wanda ba shi da ƙarfi yana tara iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da rami ko busa. Mun daidaita akan tsarin silica mai haɗaɗɗun nau'i-nau'i tare da takamaiman ma'auni na ɗaure don aikin mu mai ƙarfi. Girke-girke ne da aka haifa daga shekaru masu fashewa (a zahiri) da kuma nazarin gazawar. Za ka koyi cewa zagayowar autoclave na da mahimmanci kamar slurry danko - ragowar toka daga tsarin da ba ya ƙonewa yana iya haifar da lahani a kan wani simintin sauti.
Maganin zafi shine inda yuwuwar gami ke buɗe ko lalacewa. Kuna iya jefa cikakkiyar lissafi a cikin 4140, amma idan maganin zafi ba daidai ba ne, kuna iya amfani da abu mai rahusa. Kalubalen tare da simintin saka hannun jari shine kaurin sashe mai canzawa sau da yawa. Sashe na bakin ciki zai yi sanyi kuma ya canza daban da mai kauri yayin quenching. Mun matsa zuwa matsa lamba gas quenching a cikin injin tanda don ƙarin uniform sanyaya a kan muhimman sassa. Amma duk da haka, ba a saita-da-manta ba. Kuna buƙatar sanin inda za ku sanya thermocouples, yadda ake daidaita sassan don rage murdiya. Tattaunawa ce mai jujjuyawar tsakanin ma'auni da mai maganin zafi. Na sami gardama tare da abokan ciniki waɗanda ke son ƙimar taurin guda ɗaya a cikin ɓangaren da ke da bambancin sashe na 4:1 - ba zai yiwu ba a zahiri ba tare da yin sulhu a wani wuri ba. Makullin shine sarrafa tsammanin da kuma mai da hankali kan taurin da ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa a cikin yankunan aiki masu mahimmanci.
Daidaitaccen Machining: Abokin Hulɗa
Babu wani simintin gyare-gyaren saka hannun jari da gaske 'siffar hanyar sadarwa' don ɓangaren ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai jurewa. Koyaushe akwai wani wuri mai ɗaure fuska, gungu, ko zaren da ke buƙatar injina. Wannan shine inda haɗin gwiwa - ko cire haɗin kai - tsakanin simintin gyaran kafa da injina ke bayyana ƙimar ƙarshe. Muna yin namu Injin CNC a cikin gida, kuma wannan haɗin kai tsaye shine mai canza wasa. Me yasa? Domin mashin ɗin da ya gamu da tabo mai wuya ko rashin zato a cikin wani ɓacin rai zai iya tafiya kai tsaye zuwa filin katafaren ginin kuma ya tattauna gunkin zuba tare da mai narke.
Ɗauki gidan famfo da muka yi daga bakin bakin CF8M (kalubale iri ɗaya ga yawancin karafa masu yawa dangane da machinability). Fuskar flange kamar simintin tana da kyau, amma hatimin hatimin shaft ɗin yana buƙatar ƙarewar madubi da juriya. Yankewar farko sun bayyana ƴan warwatse, ƙanana haɗe. Bai isa ya zube ba, amma ya isa ya damu abokin ciniki. Saboda mun sarrafa duka hanyoyin biyu, za mu iya gano su zuwa wani takamaiman yanayin rufin ladle akan wannan zafi. Muka gyara aikin, sai wani tsari na gaba yayi kamar man shanu. Idan aka fitar da injin ɗin daga waje, madaidaicin amsa zai kasance tsawon makonni, tare da canzawa tsakanin zargi. Ga kamfanoni kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), wannan hadadden tsarin, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru talatin, shine ke magance matsaloli. Kuna iya ganin falsafar su akan rukunin yanar gizon su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – suna lissafin harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa, zuba jari, kuma Injin CNC a matsayin ainihin sabis na dalili. Yana da gane cewa bangaren ba a gama ba sai an nada shi.
Ƙirar ƙayyadaddun ƙira don sarrafa simintin gyaran gyare-gyare shine fasahar sa mai duhu. Ba ka manne a kan billet; kuna manne akan simintin gyare-gyaren lokaci-lokaci. Gano saman simintin gyare-gyare yana buƙatar tsarawa a hankali don guje wa haɓaka juriyar simintin. Mu sau da yawa muna tsara kayan aiki waɗanda ke yin nuni da takamaiman bayanan da aka kafa yayin aiwatar da simintin gyare-gyaren da kanta - wani lokacin har ma da haɗawa da simintin wurin da za a kashe su a aikin ƙarshe. Yana ƙara mataki, amma yana ba da garantin daidaiton matsayi tsakanin abubuwan da aka jefa da waɗanda aka kera.
Abubuwan Nuances: Lokacin da Karfe Bai Isa ba
Kalmar 'alloy karfe' babban guga ne. Zaɓin tsakanin ƙaramin allo kamar 4110 da ƙarfe na kayan aiki kamar H13 yana da mahimmanci, ba ƙari ba. Don aikace-aikacen sawa masu yawa kamar bawul datsa ko sawa faranti, mun koma zuwa matakan da aka gyara tare da ƙarin vanadium don samuwar carbide. Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare na waɗannan yana da muni - mafi girman zafi, ƙarin tsarin harsashi, da sanyaya mai sarrafawa sosai don hana fashewa. Yana da babban haɗari, babban lada. Mun rasa dukan bishiyar H13 kayan aikin kayan aiki sau ɗaya saboda haɗuwa da ɗanɗano mai sanyi mai sanyi da harsashi wanda ya ɗan yi kauri sosai. Damuwar zafi ya isa ya haifar da zazzafan hawaye a kowane bangare guda. Darasi mai tsada don mutunta iyakokin taga tsari na kowane ƙayyadaddun dangin gami.
Sannan akwai duniyar gami na musamman da aka ambata ta ayyuka kamar QSY – na tushen nickel da na cobalt. Duk da yake ba 'karfe' ba sosai, galibi suna faɗuwa ƙarƙashin laima na simintin simintin gyare-gyare don yawancin masu siye. Ka'idodin sun yi kama amma an ƙara su. Abubuwan da ke amsawa, mafi tsananin sarrafa zafi, da sau da yawa cikakkun HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) na buƙatun yin simintin gyare-gyare. Yin aiki da waɗannan kayan yana koya muku tawali'u. Gefen ku don kuskure ya ragu zuwa kusan komai. Nasarar anan, duk da haka, kamar inconel 718 injin turbine wanda aka dogara da shi, shine abin da ke gina sunan kafa ga mai tsanani. gami karfe zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa aiki.
Takaddun shaida na kayan aiki wani Layer ne. Don gami da darajar kasuwanci, takardar shaidar narkewa na iya isa. Don aikin sararin samaniya ko aikin tsaro, kuna duban cikakken abin ganowa: lambar zafi, tushen hannun jari, ilmin sunadarai daga ƙwararrun lab, takaddun gwajin injina da aka jefa daga zafi iri ɗaya kuma ana sarrafa su tare da sassan. Hanyar aikin takarda yana da mahimmanci kamar yadda aka yi da kanta. Tsari ne da ke tabbatar da dogaro amma yana ƙara ƙarin sama da ƙasa. Ba za ku iya kawai 'bulala' batch na bokan 4340; rubuce ne, abin sarrafawa daga albarkatun ƙasa zuwa dubawa na ƙarshe.
Madaidaicin Saƙon Rahoto
Wannan shine watakila sabis ɗin mafi mahimmancin tushe mai kyau yana bayarwa: ba da shawara akan ƙira don ƙira. Injiniyoyi sun tsara don aiki, wanda daidai ne. Amma wani lokacin ana kayyade radius a matsayin 0.5mm saboda tsarin CAD ya saba masa, ba saboda yana da mahimmancin aiki ba. Simintin simintin gyare-gyare a cikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana neman matsala - ƙaddamar da damuwa, wahala a ginin harsashi, kusan tabbacin raguwa. Za mu matsa baya, bayar da shawarar ƙarin radius 2mm da za a iya siffata, kuma 99% na lokacin, an karɓa. Waɗannan ƙananan taɗi ne ke inganta sashi.
Mun taɓa yin ƙira don maƙalli tare da kyakkyawan tsari mai banƙyama don adana nauyi. Yayi kyau akan allo. A cikin gami da karfe, abin tsoro ne. Mambobin siraran sun yi sanyi da sauri, suna haifar da gurɓatattun wurare, kuma ba za a iya dogaro da kwas ɗin cire kwas ɗin ba daga rikitattun kogon. Mun yi aiki tare da mai ƙira, mun nuna musu hanyoyin gazawa daga gwaje-gwajenmu, kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar haɓaka tsari mafi sauƙi, ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin haƙarƙari wanda ya dace da taurin kai da maƙasudin nauyi. Sashe na ƙarshe ya yi nasara, amma ya bambanta da ainihin hangen nesa. Haɗin kai ke nan. Madogara kamar QSY, tare da dogon tarihinsa, yana ba da wannan zurfin gogewa a fakaice. Ba wai kawai yin tsarin kakin zuma ba ne; yana game da jagorantar duk abin da ake iya samarwa na ra'ayi.
Software na kwaikwayo kayan aiki ne, ba annabi ba. Muna amfani da gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi a addini. Yana nuna mana yuwuwar wurare masu zafi da jagororin jeri riser. Amma ma'ajin bayanai na kayan masarufi na kayan masarufi ne. Halin ainihin duniya na takamaiman narke 4150, tare da haɗin dawo da sake yin amfani da ku na gida, a cikin zafin shukar ku, ya bambanta. Simulation yana ba ku wurin farawa, hasashe. Sannan kuna gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na ainihi na duniya, simintin samfurin sashe, auna tazarar hannu na dendrite, da daidaita ƙirar ku zuwa ga gaskiyar ku. Tsari ne mai gudana. Imani da makaho a taswirar launi na simintin ya haifar da gano sama da ɗaya zuwa rami na zomo.
Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Ƙwararru na Gaskiya na Duniya
A ƙarshe, bari mu fashe: gami karfe zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa ba shi da arha. Kudin kayan aiki don ƙirar kakin zuma yana da yawa. Tsarin yana aiki ne da ƙarfin kuzari. Yana ba da ma'anar tattalin arziki kawai lokacin da kuke buƙatar haɗin haɗaɗɗen lissafin lissafi, kyakkyawan ƙarewa, da kaddarorin injiniya na gami. Batun karya-ko da ƙirƙira ko machining daga m yawanci yana kusa da matsakaicin kundin - ɗaruruwa zuwa ƴan guda dubu. Don samfuri guda ɗaya, galibi yana da tsada mai tsada sai dai idan babu wani tsari da zai iya yin ɓangaren.
Ƙimar tana cikin haɓakawa. Kwanan nan mun yi bangaren akwatin gear wanda bisa ga al'ada an yi shi daga jabun jabu guda biyar daban-daban da na'ura, an kulle su tare. Mun jefa shi a matsayin guda ɗaya zuba jari a cikin 8620, tare da kawai mujallu masu ɗaukar hoto da ramukan ƙwanƙwasa da ke buƙatar injina. Mun kawar da lokacin taro, matsalolin daidaitawa, da yuwuwar hanyoyin ɗigogi. Farashin kayan aiki na gaba ya ƙare akan aikin samarwa, kuma jimlar farashin kowane ɗayan ya ragu da kusan 30%. Wannan shine wuri mai dadi.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke kimanta tushe, duba fiye da lissafin kayan aiki. Tambayi game da takamaiman ayyukansu na gami. Tambayi misalan yadda suka warware matsalar porosity ko murdiya. Tambayi ko sun injin abin da suka jefa. Amsoshin zasu gaya muku idan kuna hulɗa da kantin sayar da kayayyaki ko abokin aikin fasaha. Bambanci ne tsakanin samun simintin gyare-gyare da samun abin da ke aiki. Wannan shine ainihin abin da wasan yake.
