Sassan ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare suna magance matsalolin duniya na gaske-yatsan ruwa da yawa, fashe gidajen famfo a ƙarƙashin matsi na sanduna 300, ɓangarorin winch sun kasa bayan watanni 18 a cikin wuraren fesa gishiri. Waɗannan ba gazawar ƙa'idar ba ce. Mun auna microcracks a cikin AMS 5387 cobalt alloy nozzles da aka dawo daga na'urorin hakowa na teku. Mun daidaita zagayowar maganin zafi bayan ganin ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa a cikin gidaje na tushen fistan famfo na T800 yayin gwajin hawan keke na zafi. Sassan ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare suna samun nasara ne kawai lokacin da ƙarfe, lissafi, da matsananciyar aikace-aikace suka daidaita—ba lokacin da ƙayyadaddun bayanai suka yi kyau akan takarda ba.
Me yasa "Kawai Cast" Bai Isa ba don Tsarin Mahimmanci-Mahimmanci
Yawancin injiniyoyi sun san simintin yashi yana sarrafa manyan sifofi. Simintin saka hannun jari yana ba da ƙarin juriya. Amma 'yan kaɗan sun fahimci yadda sauƙi 0.05 mm ƙera ƙira ko karkacewar 2 ° C a cikin zafin jiki yana haifar da porosity a jikin bawul mai ƙarfi. Mun ga irin simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe guda uku-iri ɗaya, tsari iri ɗaya, gwajin yaɗuwar ƙasa saboda wanda ya sanyaya minti 12 cikin sauri akan bene mai girgiza. Shi ya sa madaidaicin ba game da girma na ƙarshe kaɗai ba. Yana da game da sarrafa ƙarfi gradients, daidaitaccen tsarin hatsi, da ragowar damuwa * kafin * fara injina.
Wannan iko yana farawa da gano kayan abu. Kowane cobalt-nickel alloy ingot da muke aiwatar yana ɗaukar cikakkun rahotannin gwajin niƙa: ƙarfin ƙarfi a 650°C, elongation bayan karaya, juriya na lalata intergranular ta ASTM G28A. Babu wani tsari da ke shiga simintin gyare-gyare ba tare da tabbatar da abubuwan da ke cikin carbon ya tsaya tsakanin ± 0.02% na ƙayyadaddun AMS 5387 ba. Me yasa? Saboda 0.03% wuce haddi na carbon yana juya cobalt alloy 6 zuwa gagaggen, matrix mai saurin fashewa a ƙarƙashin hawan keke.
Kayan aikin mu mai yarda da ISO yana gudanar da simintin gyaran kafa da layin CNC-ba azaman sassa daban ba, amma azaman matakan daidaitawa. Simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya isa wurin injin injin tare da tarkacen simintin simintin sa wanda aka yi taswirar bayanan laser. Shirin CNC yana daidaita farashin ciyarwa ta atomatik a cikin yankuna inda ƙananan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin. Wannan haɗin kai yana hana maganganun kayan aiki wanda in ba haka ba zai lalata ƙarshen 3.2 µm Ra da ake buƙata akan filaye mai rufe valve.
Inda Daidaitaccen Simintin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙirar Yana Canja Sakamakon
Wasu na iya yin gardama: "Idan ya dace kuma bai zube ba, me yasa injiniyan ya wuce gona da iri?" Saboda yanayin gazawa suna ɓoye a zahirin aiki. Tushen fam ɗin famfo na ƙarfe na ma'auni na iya ɗaukar ƙarfi yayin gwajin masana'anta-amma girgiza a 1,750 rpm a hidimar fage, yana haɓaka lalacewa da kashi 40%. Simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe ɗin mu yana amfani da tsarin halittar hoto na nodular wanda aka sarrafa zuwa Nau'in VI a kowace ASTM A247, yana rage watsawar girgiza da kashi 62% a cikin bincike na modal na ɓangare na uku.
Hakazalika, "simintin bakin karfe" yana nufin kadan ba tare da fayyace halin daraja ba. Bakin 316 yana kasawa da sauri a cikin rijiyoyin mai mai arzikin chloride. Simintin gyare-gyaren mu na bakin karfe yana amfani da gyare-gyaren 2507 super duplex-25% chromium, 7% nickel, 4% molybdenum - tare da ma'aunin lokaci na ferrite-austenite wanda aka riƙe zuwa 45-55% ta hanyar saka idanu na arc na ainihi yayin narkewa. Sakamako: sifiri bayan sa'o'i 2,000 a cikin fiddawar iskar gas mai tsami.
Ba kawai mu cika ma'auni ba - muna taswirar aiki don aiki. AMS 5387 cobalt alloy 6 famfo sassa suna jurewa maganin warwarewa a 1,175°C ±5°C, sannan saurin kashewa don kullewa cikin kwanciyar hankali-lokacin gamma. Bayan-machining, kowane bangare yana samun binciken shigar mai kyalli don gano katsewar ƙasa ƙasa da 0.1 mm-saboda ƙaramin aibi guda ɗaya a cikin bututun ƙarfe na iya lalata 3 × cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin kwararar slurry.
Hudu Marasa Tattaunawa Lokacin Samar da Ƙarfe na Cast
Zaɓin masu kaya yana buƙatar fiye da faɗin lokutan jagorar. Dangane da shekaru 12 masu goyan bayan OEMs na ruwa da masu ginin kayan aikin karkashin teku, waɗannan wuraren bincike guda huɗu sun raba amintattun abokan tarayya daga masu siyarwa:
- Takaddun shaida na kayan aiki ba abin tattaunawa ba ne-ba wai kawai "ya bi ASTM A48 ba," amma ƙwararrun sandunan tensile da aka gwada kowace kuri'a, tare da tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin sassan simintin.
- Ikon girman ya haɗa da yanayin simintin gyare-gyare-Rahotanni na CMM dole ne su nuna alawus na raguwa da aka yi amfani da su ga ƙumburi mai mahimmanci da fuskokin rufewa, ba kawai girman da aka gama ba.
- Takaddun amincin saman saman yana da mahimmanci fiye da lambobin Ra-muna buƙatar hotunan SEM na saman da aka kera da ke nuna rashi yadudduka na sake sakewa ko ƙaramar tsagewa akan manyan wuraren sawa kamar winch center shaft rollers.
- Abun ganowa yana ƙara zuwa zagayowar jiyya- ginshiƙi-zazzabi da aka shigar a kowane nau'in tanderun, ba kawai "zafin da aka bi da kowane takamaiman takamaiman ba."
Lokacin da wani injiniyan abin hawa na Turai ya canza zuwa matosai na cobalt, tsarin winch ɗin su MTBF ya yi tsalle daga awanni 4,200 zuwa 11,800 na aiki. Ba don filogi ya “fi ƙarfi” ba—amma saboda tsarin simintin mu yana kawar da microporosity a mahaɗar toshe-zuwa-gidaje, yana hana lalatawar electrolytic a cikin yanayin wurare masu zafi.
Sassan Ƙarfe-Ƙarfe Su ne Tushen—Ba Tunani Ba
Tsarukan ayyuka masu girma suna kasawa a musaya: inda gidajen simintin gyare-gyare suka haɗu da injuna, inda gami da hatimi, inda haɓakar zafi ya haɗu da preload. Simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na ƙulla waɗannan musaya. Nasararsu ta dogara da shawarar da aka yanke kafin zub da farko-zabin kayan da aka daidaita zuwa ilmin sunadarai na ruwa, ƙirar gating wanda ya dace da jujjuyawar kaurin bango, alawus ɗin injina bisa ƙaƙƙarfan kwaikwaiyo-ba gyara bayan simintin ba.
QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. yana gina sassa na ƙarfe don aikace-aikace inda maye gurbin yana nufin rage lokacin da ake kashe $27,000 / awa. Wannan yana tilasta ladabtarwa: babu gajerun hanyoyi a cikin ingantacciyar ƙarfe, babu zato game da "misali" kula da zafi, babu juriyar juriya ba tare da tsarin aiwatar da GD&T ba. Sakamakon? Bawuloli na matsin lamba da ke tsira da hawan keke 50,000 a mashaya 350, gidajen silinda suna riƙe da hankali bayan shekaru 15 na ci gaba da aiki, igiyoyin winch suna isar da madaidaicin juzu'i a cikin -40 ° C yanayin Arctic.
Makomar nasa ne na simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe-ba wai kawai aka samar ba-tare da niyya mai aiki gasa cikin kowace iyakar hatsi. Wannan yana farawa da tambayar ba "Za a iya jefa shi ba?" amma "Yaya dole ne ya kasance - kuma menene wannan buƙatar daga narke, mold, da na'ura?"
