Lokacin da kuka ji 'Incoloy tube,' abu na farko da ke fitowa sau da yawa shine takardar bayanan - tsarin austenitic, tushen nickel-iron-chromium, juriya na oxidation. Amma wannan shine kawai wurin farawa. Gaskiyar labarin yana farawa lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin lanƙwasa shi, walda shi, ko tura shi zuwa iyakarsa a cikin yanayin sabis mai tsami. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun yi tuntuɓe saboda sun ɗauki tafsirin a matsayin kalma ta ƙarshe. Gidan gami, kamar Farashin 800H ko Farashin 825, yana ba ku tsari, amma yanayin bututun yana nufin duk tarihinsa - daga kantin narke zuwa maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Samun wannan dama shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na ganowa da ƙwarewar injina, kamar abin da kuke samu a kamfani kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), a zahiri yana da mahimmanci.
Nuances na Masana'antu Mafi Kallon Kafa
Bari muyi magana game da tsarin simintin gyare-gyare na waɗannan bututu, musamman don haɗaɗɗun kayan aiki ko sassan bango mai kauri. Tare da simintin saka hannun jari, wanda QSY ke yi sama da shekaru 30, sarrafa tsarin hatsi yana da mahimmanci ga Incoloy tube. Ba wai kawai game da zuba narke ba. Harsashi mold abu, da pre-zafi zafin jiki, da sanyaya kudi - kadan sabawa a nan na iya gabatar da micro-segregation na abubuwa kamar titanium ko aluminum a maki kamar 800H. Wannan ba koyaushe yana nunawa akan daidaitaccen gwajin PMI ba, amma zai damu da ku yayin sabis na zafin jiki, wanda zai haifar da ɓarna da wuri. Na tuna gungun manyan kantunan da suka ci gaba da gazawar gwajin ruwa a walda; An gano mai laifin zuwa sanyi mara daidaituwa a cikin matakin simintin saka hannun jari, ƙirƙirar wuraren damuwa na gida ba wanda ya yi tunanin bincika.
Sai kuma machining. Mutane suna ɗauka cewa saboda yana da sinadarin nickel, kawai ka jefar da carbide a kai kuma ka yi fatan mafi kyau. Wannan hanya ce mai sauri zuwa ɓatattun kayan aikin da saman fage masu ƙarfi. Samuwar guntu mai tsauri na Incoloy na iya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. Kuna buƙatar saiti mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, ingantattun kusurwar rake, da kuma yanke shawara mai hankali game da sanyaya - wani lokacin matsi mai ƙarfi ya zama dole, wasu lokuta don wasu ayyuka, kuna iya kusan bushewa don guje wa abubuwan lura. Manufar ita ce a cimma waccan ƙarewar saman ba tare da haɗa damuwa ba, wanda ya zama wurin farawa don fashewar damuwa daga baya. Ji ne kuka haɓaka, ba wani abu da kuke samu daga littafin jagora ba.
Maganin zafi bayan simintin gyare-gyaren wani filin naki ne. Magani na warware matsalolin danniya shine daidaitaccen ma'auni, amma matsakaici da sauri shine komai. Rashin ruwa? Mai? Iskar tilas? Ya dogara da sashin kauri na bututu. Katanga mai kauri Farashin 825 bututun da aka kashe da ƙarfi yana iya warwatse ko tsage. A hankali a hankali, kuma kuna haɗarin hazo carbide a cikin iyakokin hatsi, cin nasara akan manufar sa akan lalata. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar gaske akan aikin injin ƙasa, inda tubes suka gaza bincikawa bayan abin da muke tsammanin ɗan littafin karatu ne. Load ɗin tanderun ya yi yawa sosai, yana haifar da bayanan yanayin zafi mara daidaito. Darasi ne mai tsada a cikin ma'auni da sarrafa tsari.
Welding: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da Tocilan
Anan ne roba ta hadu da hanya. Kowane mutum yayi magana game da amfani da madaidaicin karafa, amma shiri shine 90% na yaƙin. Don an Incoloy tube, fuskar bevel da diamita na ciki (ID) dole ne su kasance da tsafta marar kyau - kuma ba kawai ina nufin goge shi ba ne. Duk wani barbashi na ƙarfe da aka haɗa daga kayan aiki na baya ko sarrafa (niƙa ƙura daga ƙarfen carbon kusa da shi ƙaƙƙarfan gurɓataccen abu ne) zai haifar da dilution na ƙarfe a cikin tafkin weld. Wannan na iya rage juriyar lalata a yankin walda, ƙirƙirar cikakken anode don harin galvanic a cikin sabis.
Ba za a iya yin sulhu da yanayin zafin tsaka-tsaki ba amma galibi ana sa ido sosai. Bari bututu ya yi zafi sosai tsakanin wucewa, musamman a wuraren da aka iyakance, na iya haifar da haɓakar hatsi mai yawa a yankin da zafi ya shafa (HAZ). Wannan yanki sai ya zama mahaɗa mai rauni, ƙarancin ductile kuma ya fi saurin fashewa a ƙarƙashin hawan keken zafi. Na ga masu walda suna ƙoƙarin hanzarta walda soket a kan ƙaramin diamita na Incoloy bututu, suna yin watsi da haɓakar zafi, kawai don samun fashewar walda a ji yayin sanyaya. Yana jin kamar ƙaramin 'ping' - sautin sake yin aiki.
Tsarkake baya wani akida ce. Don tubing ɗauke da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata, cikakken goyan bayan argon yana da mahimmanci don hana sukari (oxidation) akan ƙwanƙwasa ID. Amma girma da kwararan ruwa suna da mahimmanci. Matsi da yawa kuma kuna busa ta hanyar wucewar tushen ku; kadan kuma zaka sami gurɓataccen tushe, gurɓataccen tushe. Don dogon gudu na bututu, mun yi amfani da madatsun ruwa masu narkewa, waɗanda kamfanoni ƙwararrun kera da ƙirƙira kamar QSY za su saba da su, don adana iskar gas da tabbatar da ɗaukar hoto. Dabaru ce mai sauƙi, amma mantawa da shi yana lalata amincin bututun daga ciki zuwa waje.
Tarkon Zaɓin Abu
Kuskure na gama-gari shine ƙetare zuwa mafi shaharar daraja, kamar Farashin 800H, don aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mai girma ba tare da la'akari da cikakken yanayin ba. Ee, yana da babban ƙarfi da juriya na carburization. Amma idan yanayin yana da ma gano adadin sulfur, ƙila za a iya amfani da ku da mafi girman abun ciki na nickel. Takaddun bayanai sun jera manyan juriya, amma masu kashe shiru sune ƙananan ƙazanta a cikin rafi na tsari. Binciken gazawa na kasance wani ɓangare na gano baya zuwa harin sulfidation akan bututun 800H a cikin tanderu mai gyara; Binciken kayan abinci ya ɗan canza kaɗan, kuma babu wanda ya sake kimanta dacewa da kayan.
Sa'an nan kuma akwai wasan maye gurbin kuɗi. Wani yana ganin 'tushen nickel' kuma yana tunanin ƙaramin austenitic bakin karfe kamar 304H zai iya yi. Don wasu ayyuka na lalata ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙila. Amma don gajiyar zafin jiki na gaskiya da juriya mai raɗaɗi, ƙananan ƙirar Incoloy ya bambanta. Hanyoyin ƙarfafawa daga ƙari na aluminium / titanium (a cikin maki-hardenable maki) ko ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfafawa daga molybdenum da jan karfe (a cikin Farashin 825) ba kawai kari ne na zaɓi ba. Su ne samfurin. Zaɓin bututu shine daidai da ainihin ƙarfensa da yanayin gazawar da kuke ƙoƙarin hanawa.
Wannan shine inda haɗin gwiwa tare da mai siyarwa wanda ya fahimci tafiyar kayan shine mabuɗin. Kamfanin da ke sarrafa komai daga simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi na ɗanyen sifofi zuwa mashin ɗin CNC na ƙarshe na ƙarshen bututu da flanges, kamar QSY, yana da ganuwa cikin dukkan sarkar. Suna ba kawai yankan jari tube; sun fahimci yadda porosity na simintin gyaran kafa, idan akwai, ke shafar saman da aka kera, ko kuma yadda maganin zafi daga injin niƙa zai iya yin hulɗa tare da aikin walda na gaba. Wannan cikakken ra'ayi yana hana yawan nuna yatsa daga baya.
Aikace-aikacen Duniya na Gaskiya da Abubuwan Fashewa
A cikin masu musayar zafi, bututu su ne jinin rai. Na yi aiki a kan harsashi-da-tube raka'a inda Incoloy tube An kayyade dam ɗin daidai, amma tsarin walda tube-to-tubesheet ya kasance bayan tunani. Bambance-bambancen faɗaɗa tsakanin bututun Incoloy da bututun ƙarfe na carbon yana haifar da damuwa mai girma. Kuna buƙatar cikakken jerin walda, sau da yawa tare da ƙarfin walƙiya tare da walƙiya ta hatimi, kuma wani lokacin har ma da faɗaɗa bututu a cikin takardar don sarrafa waɗannan matsalolin. Tsallake waɗannan matakan, kuma za ku ga ɗigogi a gidajen haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƴan zagayowar zafi na farko.
Wani mahimmin batu shine gajiya mai haifar da girgiza. Sau da yawa ana zaɓin allunan inconel don wannan, amma bututun Incoloy a cikin dogon lokaci, ba tare da tallafi ba, a ce, injin da aka ƙone shima zai iya wahala. Ba koyaushe yana cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙira don bincika ƙarar jijjiga ko mitocin girgizar da ke haifar da kwarara ba. Muna da wani akwati inda banki na Farashin 825 bututu a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai zafi na sharar gida sun sami tsagewa kusa da goyan bayan. Tushen dalilin shine mitar da aka saita ta hanyar kwararar gas, wani abu mai sauƙi binciken damuwa bai kama ba. Gyaran ya haɗa da ƙara tallafin tsakiyar-tsakiyar don canza mitar yanayi - mafita mai sauƙi na inji don hadadden ɓangaren ƙarfe.
Dubawa shine layin tsaro na ƙarshe. Gwajin shigar da launi (PT) yana da kyau ga fashewar saman, amma don Incoloy bututu, musamman bayan walda, ni mai goyon bayan eddy current test (ECT) don yankin da zafi ya shafa. Yana iya ɗaukar anomalies na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin kayan da PT ya rasa. Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT) yana da kyau don kauri na bango da manyan lahani, amma saita shi daidai don ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin hatsi na simintin gyare-gyare ko welded Incoloy yana buƙatar takamaiman tubalan daidaitawa da aka yi da abu makamancin haka. Yin amfani da daidaitaccen shingen ƙarfe yana ba ku karatun da ba a dogara ba. Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ne ke raba daidai QA daga aikin aikin takarda.
Ƙarshe Tunani: Tsari ne, Ba samfuri ba
Don haka, lokacin da kake samowa ko ƙayyade wani Incoloy tube, kana ba kawai sayen tsawon lalata-resistant gami. Kuna siyan amincin duk tsarin masana'anta wanda ya samar da shi. Ayyukan narkewa, sigogin simintin gyare-gyare, tsarin zafin zafin jiki, dabarun injina, da tsarin walda duk ana gasa su zuwa aikin ƙarshe. Ba za ku iya bincika inganci cikin bututun da ba a yi shi da kyau ba tun farko.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa bayanan mai kaya ke faɗi. Kamfanin da ke da tushe mai zurfi a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ya kawo wannan tunanin da ya dace da tsari. Wataƙila sun ci karo da warping a lokacin maganin zafi, kayan aikin da ake sawa a lokacin injina, da ƙalubalen dacewa yayin ƙirƙira. Wannan ƙwarewar tana fassara zuwa samfur mafi aminci saboda sun fahimci masu canji. Kuna iya samun hanyarsu ta yin aiki tare da allo na musamman kamar waɗannan a rukunin yanar gizon su, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
A ƙarshe, takaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana samun ku a cikin filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Amma kiyaye tubing ɗin ku na Incoloy yana gudana da dogaro tsawon shekarun da suka gabata yana zuwa ga ƙaƙƙarfan sani, sanin ilimin yadda kayan ke aiki lokacin da ba su cikin cikakkiyar yanayin yanayin lab. Yana da game da tsinkayar matsalolin da ba a cikin ƙasidar ba. Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin bututun da ya dace da lamba da bututun da ke dawwama.
