Lokacin da kuka ji 'daidaitaccen simintin saka hannun jari', hoton nan da nan sau da yawa mara aibi ne, abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya mai siffa. Wannan shine manufa ta kasuwanci. Gaskiyar da ke ƙasa, bayan shekaru talatin a cikin wannan wasan, tattaunawa ce ta dindindin tsakanin waccan manufa da taurin ilimin kimiyyar narkakkar ƙarfe da harsashi yumbu. Abokan ciniki da yawa, musamman waɗanda sababbi ga tsarin, sun shigo tare da samfuran CAD suna tsammanin abubuwan al'ajabi-haƙuri mai girma fiye da gira na gnat, kamar yadda simintin gyare-gyaren da aka yi ya ƙare da goge goge, kuma duk a farashi ɗaya ya dace da tambarin taro da aka samar. Wannan ita ce tattaunawar farko da muka yi a QSY: sake saita tsammanin zuwa fagen abin da ake iya cimmawa ta zahiri. Fasaha ta gaskiya ba kawai a cikin yin simintin gyare-gyare ba; yana cikin aikin injiniya gabaɗayan sarkar tsari-daga ƙirar kakin zuma zuwa ɓangaren injin da aka gama-don buga wuri mai daɗi tsakanin aiki, farashi, da dogaro. Dabi’ar kafuwa ce, ba sihiri ba.
Bambancin Batun: Ma'anar Ma'anar Ba Aiki Bayan Yin Cast
Mu yi shiru. Idan wani sashe yana da sarƙaƙƙiya da gaske, tare da tashoshi na ciki, waɗanda aka yanke, ko bangon bakin ciki, madaidaicin saka hannun jari ba shi da nasara don samar da shi. Amma 'as-cast' kusan ba'a shirye-don-sakawa' ba. Madaidaicin yana nufin maimaitawa da kamawa dalla-dalla, ba takaddun shaida na ƙarshe ba. Na ga kyawawan simintin gyare-gyare na injin turbine sun kasa dubawa saboda an kashe kaso uku bisa goma na millimita. Allurar kakin zuma ta mutu, dan kadan. Shi ya sa muka haɗa mashin ɗin CNC a cikin gida shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana samun kashi 95% a wurin, cikin madaidaicin lissafi, tare da ingancin kayan aiki. CNC gama machining, sau da yawa a kan 5-axis inji, samun ku karshe, bokan girma girma. Tunanin yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina azaman matakai daban-daban na mai siyarwa shine inda ayyukan ke rasa lokaci, kuɗi, da gabatar da kurakuran tattarawa.
Zaɓin kayan abu shine sauran rabin wannan. Muna aiki da yawa tare da bakin karfe da kuma kayan aikin nickel. Rikici na gama gari shine ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki mai ƙarfi kamar Inconel 718 don kaddarorin zafinsa, amma ba lissafinsa don tsananin raguwar sa da yanayin tsagewar lokacin ƙarfi ba. Tsarin tsari da ƙirar harsashi na 718 sun bambanta sosai da na bakin 316. Ba za ku iya kawai musanya kayan a cikin takaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba kuma kuyi tsammanin wannan tsari zai yi aiki. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tun da wuri tare da ɗigon famfo wanda ya fashe kusan a cikin harsashi. Maganin shine haɗe-haɗe na musamman gating don sarrafa jagorar ƙarfafawa da tweak zuwa zagayen yin burodin harsashi. Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin girke-girke ne, waɗanda aka gina sama da shekaru 30, waɗanda ke raba shagon aiki daga ƙwararru.
Wanda ya kawo ni ga wani batu mai amfani game da harsashi. Tsarin 'harsashi' simintin simintin gyare-gyare' da muke amfani da shi-gina waɗancan yaduddukan yumbu- shine inda yawancin sana'ar ke rayuwa. Ya yi bakin ciki sosai harsashi, kuma kuna samun karyewa, ɓarna da gazawa mai haɗari. Yayi kauri sosai, kuma kuna rasa daidaiton ƙima kamar yadda harsashi ba ya faɗuwa daga ƙarfe mai raguwa da kyau. Dankin slurry, girman yashi stucco, lokacin bushewa tsakanin riguna… fasaha ce ta azanci kamar ta kimiyya. Kwararren ƙwararren masani zai iya sanin sautin buga busasshen harsashi idan yana da kyau a tafi. Wannan ba wani abu bane da kuke sarrafa ta atomatik gaba ɗaya.
Inda Tsarin ke haskakawa (kuma Inda Bai Yi ba)
Nasarar al'ada don simintin saka hannun jari shine rikitarwa-don-nauyi. Maƙallan sararin samaniya, abubuwan haɗin kayan aikin likita, sassan sarrafa ruwa tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan. Kwanan nan mun gudanar da wani aikin don gidan firikwensin wanda ya zama hermetic, a cikin bakin karfe 17-4PH, tare da baffles na ciki da zaren hawa na waje. Simintin gyare-gyaren ya ba da izinin ƙirƙirar abubuwan ciki, adana babban adadin EDM ko aikin walda. Mun sa'an nan CNC-machined da sealing fuskoki da zaren zuwa takamaiman. Gudun tsari ɗaya, tsarin inganci ɗaya. Ƙoƙarin ƙirƙira wannan daga billet ɗin zai kasance mai tsadar gaske.
Amma ba don komai ba. Koyaushe ina yin taka tsantsan game da amfani da shi don sassauƙan, geometries chunky. Ƙaƙƙarfan toshe ko flange na asali? Kuna da kyau da yin simintin yashi ko ma farawa daga mashaya da injina. Farashin ƙirar kakin zuma da harsashi an rage su akan gudu, don haka don samfura ko ƙananan ƙira, farashin naúrar yana da yawa. Batun karya ya dogara da ƙira sosai. Wani lokaci, ƙimar ba ta cikin tsada mai tsabta amma a cikin raguwar lokacin jagora ta hanyar kawar da matakan taro.
Haɗin Haɗin kai: Daga CAD zuwa Crate
Wannan shine abin da aka gina saitinmu a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Haɗin kai tsaye ba magana ba ce; wajibi ne don sarrafawa. Lokacin da abokin ciniki ya aiko mana da samfur don jikin bawul, ƙungiyar injiniyarmu ba ta kalli ɓangaren ba kawai. Muna tsara taron kakin zuma (yadda ake haɗa sassa da yawa tare a kan 'itace'), yin kwatankwacin cikar ƙirƙira da ƙarfafawa don tsinkayar ƙarancin lalacewa, sannan mu tsara aikin mashin ɗin CNC akan ƙirar dijital iri ɗaya. Wannan aikin injiniya na gaba yana da mahimmanci. Tsarin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka ƙera yana rage adadin ƙarfe da za a iya sarrafa shi daga baya, yana adana duka lalacewa da kayan aiki, musamman akan tsada. cobalt na tushen gami.
Na tuna gazawar da ta koya mana wannan darasi har abada. Wani abokin ciniki ya dage da yin amfani da nasu kayan aikin allurar kakin zuma don jerin kayan aikin ruwa. Kayan aiki ya tsufa, tsarin kakin zuma yana da ɗan bambanci. Mun jefa su, mun yi musu injina, sannan muka sami bambance-bambancen batch-to-batch a kaurin bango wanda ya sa wasu suka kasa yin gwajin matsa lamba. Matsalar ta samo asali ne daga kakin zuma, wanda aka yi girma a cikin harsashi, kuma ba zai yiwu a gyara shi ba a cikin injin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, mun fi son sarrafa, ko aƙalla bincikar duk sarkar. Gidan yanar gizon mu, tsingtaocnc.com, ya zayyana wannan damar, amma ainihin hujjar tana cikin rahotannin bincike na farko da muke samarwa.
Bangaren mashin ɗin ba ƙari ba ne kawai. Yin aikin simintin gyaran kafa ya sha bamban da yin aikin billet ɗin da aka yi. Fatar na iya samun ƴan bambance-bambancen taurin, kuma gyarawa dole ne ya yi la'akari da filayen simintin gyare-gyaren lokaci-lokaci. Mashinan mu sun saba da wannan. Sun san yadda ake yanke na farko don kafa datum na gaskiya daga sashin 'as-cast', wanda fasaha ce a kanta.
Material Nuances: Ba Ƙirar Lamba ba ce kawai
Yin aiki tare da gami na musamman yana nufin fahimtar halayensu fiye da takardar bayanan. Ɗauki allo na tushen nickel don sabis na zafi mai zafi. Siffofin simintin sa ƙwaƙƙwaran rawa ne. Zuba zafi sosai, kuna samun haɓakar hatsi da yawa da halayen slag. Zuba da sanyi sosai, kuna samun rashin fahimta. Maganin zafi bayan simintin kuma wani ɓangare ne na tsarin simintin, ba wani mataki na daban ba. Don makin hazo-hardening maki, da mafita magani da kuma tsufa sake zagayowar dole ne a ɓullo da tare da gyare-gyaren da simintin gyaran kafa don cimma ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin inji a ko'ina cikin sashe, ba kawai a kan takardar shaidar gwaji.
Muna adana bayanai dalla-dalla ga kowane dangin gami. Rubutun da aka zuba don batch na duplex bakin karfe zai lura da yanayin tanderu, zafin famfo, har ma da yanayin (danshi yana rinjayar tsarin lalata harsashi). Wannan ganowar ba za ta yiwu ba don tsaro da abokan cinikin sararin samaniya, amma yana da kyakkyawan aiki ga komai. Yana juya fasaha ya zama horon injiniya mai maimaitawa.
Haƙiƙanin sulhu na Duniya da Takeaway
To, menene hukuncin ƙwararru a nan? Daidaitaccen simintin saka hannun jari kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi, amma ba mafita ce kaɗai ba. Ƙarfinsa yana buɗewa sosai lokacin da aka yi cikinsa azaman mataki na farko a jerin abubuwan masana'anta da aka haɗa. Manufar ba shine a cimma cikakkiyar ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyare ba (ko da yake muna ƙoƙari don shi), amma don cimma mafi kyawun farashi-tasiri kuma hanya mai dogara zuwa ga abin da aka gama, babban inganci. Yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa mai zurfi tsakanin mai tsara abokin ciniki da injiniyan tsari na tushe daga rana ɗaya.
Babban nasarorin da muka samu shine lokacin da abokan ciniki suka zo mana a matakin fahimta. Za mu iya ba da shawara kan daftarin kusurwoyi, daidaiton kaurin bango, da haɓaka fasalin don sanya ɓangaren ba kawai simintin gyare-gyare ba, amma mafi kyawu. Wani lokaci wannan yana nufin ba da shawarar canjin ƙira kaɗan wanda ke adana 20% a cikin farashin naúrar ba tare da asarar aiki ba.
Bayan shekaru 30, yanayin da nake gani yana zuwa ga ƙarin wannan haɗin gwiwa, ba ƙasa ba. Yayin da kayan ke samun ci gaba da ƙira da haɗaɗɗun ƙira, layin tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da na'ura yana yin ɓarna. Kasuwar kanti na kamfani kamar QSY shine layin nan, mai duhu cikin guda ɗaya, sarrafa aiki. A nan ne aka haifi ainihin madaidaicin-ba kawai a cikin tsari ba, amma a cikin tafiyar da tafiyar gaba ɗaya daga narkakken ƙarfe zuwa wani sashi a cikin akwati, a shirye don aikace-aikacen da ake bukata. Yana da ƙasa game da matakai na musamman na ban mamaki da ƙari game da rashin jurewa, daidaiton rubuce-rubuce a cikin ɗaruruwan matakai. Gaskiyar ita ce mara kyan gani.
