Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'bangarori na masana'antu,' su kan kwatanta wani abu na kasida, samfurin CAD, ko wani abu mai haske a kan shiryayye. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Ainihin ɓangaren ba shine lissafin lissafi ba; haɗin kai ne na halayen kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin damuwa, juriyar juriya a cikin taro mai rai, da tsadar gazawa sama da rayuwar sabis na shekaru goma. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun tsaya tsayin daka saboda ƙungiyar siyan kayan sun samo kayan aikin 'to-spec' ko jikin bawul ba tare da fahimtar abin da zai faru ba bayan ya bar benci na QC kuma ya shiga cikin injin da ke aiki 24/7 a cikin yanayi mai laushi, lalata. Zane shine kawai wurin farawa.
Gidauniyar: Ana farawa da Zuba
Ba za ku iya magana game da m sassa masana'antu ba tare da farawa a ma'auni ba. Wannan shine inda aka saita tsarin hatsi na ciki, inda ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun abubuwan da aka haɗa ko haɗa su ke zama maƙasudin gazawa a nan gaba. Domin shekaru talatin, tawagar a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya kasance yana fama da wannan gaskiyar. Su dogon lokaci mayar da hankali kan harsashi mold da zuba jari ba jeri sabis ba kawai; Sanin cewa ingantaccen machining daga baya ba zai iya gyara simintin gyaran kafa ba. Na tuna da wani aiki na gidan famfo mai matsananciyar matsa lamba inda ɗigon yashi na farko na mai kawo kaya yana da nauyin bango mara daidaituwa. Ya wuce gwaje-gwaje masu girma amma ya gaza sosai a gwaje-gwajen hawan keke. Dole ne mu koma murabba'i daya.
Zaɓin tsakanin ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari don wani ɓangaren da aka bayar shine kiran hukunci na al'ada. Shell mold yana ba ku kyakkyawan ƙarewar farfajiya da daidaiton girma don sassa daban-daban masu rikitarwa-tunanin braket ɗin injin ko manifolds na ruwa. Amma lokacin da kuka shiga cikin tashoshi masu rikiɗar gaske na ciki, kamar waɗanda ke cikin injin turbine ko jikin injector mai, kuna cikin yanki na saka hannun jari. Tsarin ƙirar kakin zuma yana ba da damar yin amfani da geometries waɗanda kusan ba za su iya yin na'ura ba. Kwarewar QSY a duk hanyoyin biyu yana da mahimmanci anan; Ba su turawa mafita ɗaya ba amma sai a fara tantance aikin ɓangaren.
Zaɓin kayan aiki a wannan matakin wani rami ne. Ƙayyade bakin karfe kusan bashi da ma'ana. Shin 304 ne don juriya na lalata gabaɗaya, ko 316 don mahallin chloride? Ko kuna ma'amala da aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mai ƙarfi waɗanda ke buƙatar juriya mai ƙarfi na gami da tushen nickel kamar Inconel? Na ga yanke shawara mai ƙima don amfani da ƙaramin allo mai kaiwa ga fashewa da wuri a cikin masu musayar zafi. Aikin kafuwar shine bada shawara, amma dole ne injiniyan ya san isa ya yi tambayoyin da suka dace. Ayyukan QSY tare da gami na musamman kamar cobalt da na tushen nickel suna nuna sun saba da waɗannan tattaunawa mai girma, ba kawai gudanar da daidaitattun umarni ba.
Madaidaicin Layer: Inda CNC Machining Ya Shiga
Yin simintin gyare-gyare yana samun sifar da ba ta dace ba, amma mu'amalar aiki - ramukan kulle, saman rufewa, kujeru masu ɗaukar nauyi - ana haife su akan injin CNC. Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da machining ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar yadda yake a QSY, yana nuna ƙimarsa. Babban ciwon kai shine ƙirar kayan aiki don hadadden simintin gyare-gyare. Idan mashin ɗin bai fahimci ma'anar datum ɗin simintin gyare-gyaren da yuwuwar abubuwan damuwa daga tsarin ƙarfafawa ba, za su iya ɗaure shi ta hanyar da za ta haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko, mafi muni, samun cikakkiyar ƙarewa a saman da ba shi da murabba'i ga maƙasudin ciki.
Wani takamaiman darasi da aka koya ya haɗa da babban ginin simintin ƙarfe don madaidaicin niƙa. Ɗaukar simintin gyare-gyaren yana da ƙarfi, amma yayin da ake niƙa ɗorawa na dogo mai jagora, an saki sauran damuwa daga aikin simintin, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali kaɗan amma bala'i. Mun rasa duka yanki. Maganin, wanda gogaggen abokin tarayya zai aiwatar, sau da yawa mataki ne na kawar da damuwa tsakanin roughing da ƙarewa. Yana ƙara lokaci da farashi, amma tsallake shi caca ne. Wannan nau'in nau'in tsari ne wanda ke raba masu yin sashe da masu ba da kaya.
Haƙuri wani yanki ne da ya dace don wuce gona da iri. Na karɓi zane-zane inda ake kiran kowane fasalin zuwa ± 0.01mm. Ba wai kawai yana da tsada mai tsada ba, amma sau da yawa ba dole ba ne. Kyakkyawan abokin aikin injin ya kamata ya tura baya, yana tambaya game da aikin taro. Shin wannan ƙusa yana buƙatar haƙurin H6 da gaske, ko kuwa H7 zai isa? Wannan gogayya ta haɗin gwiwa tana da lafiya. Yana nuna suna tunanin ƙirƙira da jimillar kuɗin ku, ba wai kawai bin umarni a makance ba don guje wa alhakin.
Gwajin Duniya ta Haƙiƙa: Binciken gazawa da maimaitawa
Hanyoyi mafi mahimmanci sun fito ne daga sassan da suka karya. A farkon aiki na, muna da batch na sassa masana'antu-masu sanya bakin karfe don famfon sinadarai -wanda ya haifar da tsagewar gajiya a tushen ruwan bayan watanni shida. Takaddun shaida na kayan sun kasance cikakke, girman sun kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Binciken gazawar ya nuna haɗuwa da dalilai: radius mai kaifi mai mahimmanci (salon ƙira) wanda ya tsananta ta hanyar ɗan ƙaramin tsayi mai tsayi daga tsarin mashin ɗin a cikin takamaiman yanki, samar da cikakkiyar ma'anar farawa don fashewar damuwa.
Wannan shine inda yardan mai kawo kaya ya shiga cikin al'amuran bayan mutuwa. Mai siyarwar ma'amala zai zargi ƙirar kuma yayi tafiya. Abokin fasaha kamar abin da QSY ke matsayi da kansa kamar yadda zai zauna, duba rahoton fractography, da kuma tattauna yiwuwar raguwa: duban radiyo na wajibi akan umarni na gaba, canji a hanyar kayan aiki don wannan fasalin don inganta yanayin ƙare, ko ma shawara don ƙaddamar da ƙananan damuwa. Wannan madauki daga gazawar baya zuwa daidaitawar tsari shine inda aka gina abin dogaro na gaskiya.
Wani gazawar gama gari amma kasa mai ban mamaki shine kawai rashin aiki. Mun taɓa samo dangin bawul daga ƙananan shaguna da yawa. Lokutan jagora sun dade, inganci bai dace ba, kuma sadarwa ta kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro. Ƙirƙirar irin wannan samarwa tare da masana'anta guda ɗaya, mai iya aiki wanda ke sarrafa duka simintin gyare-gyare da machining yana sauƙaƙe komai. Kuna mu'amala da wurin tuntuɓar saƙon gabaɗayan kayan aiki da sarkar sarrafawa, daga narkakkar ƙarfe zuwa ƙarshen ɓangaren. Alkawari a bayyane yake. Don hadadden taro, samun tushen tushe guda don masu mahimmanci sassa masana'antu yana rage haɗarin kayan aiki sosai.
Bayan Metals: Tunanin Tsari
Abin da kuke siya da gaske ba guntun karfe ba ne; tsari ne mai sarrafawa. Wani kamfani mai shekaru 30 kamar QSY yana da tabbas ya ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa sun canza, fasahar injina ta samo asali, kuma ƙa'idodin inganci suna ƙarfafa. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cibiyoyi wani abu ne. Wataƙila sun ɓullo da nasu mafi kyawun ayyuka na cikin gida - ƙayyadaddun ƙira na gating don wasu ɓangaren geometries, hanyoyin samar da kayan aiki na kayan aiki don saiti masu banƙyama, kafa ka'idojin kula da zafi don gami da gama gari. Wannan ba wani abu bane da kuke samu akan gidan yanar gizo; yana bayyana ta hanyar hulɗa.
Misali, yin simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe tare da bakin karfe tare da gami na nickel wata duniya ce ta daban. Gudu, ciyarwa, nau'ikan sanyaya, kayan aikin lissafi-duk suna canzawa sosai. Wani shago da ke faɗin cewa muna injina duk kayan ƙila yana shimfiɗa gaskiya. Kuna son jin ƙayyadaddun bayanai: Don ɓangaren bakin ku na 316, za mu yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen tsarin sanyaya mai ƙarfi tare da takamaiman abubuwan saka carbide don sarrafa taurin aiki. Wannan yana nuna zurfin.
A ƙarshe, akwai gefen mara kyau: dubawa da takaddun shaida. Wani bangare yana da kyau kamar takardun da ya zo tare da shi. Rahoton gwaji na kayan aiki, rahoton binciken labarin farko tare da cikakkun bayanan CMM, takaddun shaida. Aiki na ƙwararru yana da wannan ƙasa zuwa tsari. Yana da ban sha'awa, amma lokacin da mai duba ya ziyarci ko gazawar filin ta faru, wannan binciken shine kawai kariyarku. Yana tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren ba kawai an yi shi ba ne, amma an yi shi cikin ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa.
Kammalawa: Gaskiyar Kudin Sashe
Don haka, lokacin kimanta tushen don mahimmanci sassa masana'antu, duba fiye da farashin kowane yanki da damar da aka lissafa. Yi la'akari da shirye-shiryensu don tattauna matsalolin da suka gabata. Tambayi misali na ɓangaren ƙalubale da yadda suka warware shi-ba a cikin sharuɗɗan tallace-tallace ba, amma a cikin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha: daidaitawa, kayan aiki, sarrafa murdiya. Abokin tarayya kamar QSY, tare da haɗaɗɗen simintin gyare-gyare da injina da kewayon kayan aiki, an saita shi don ɗaukar sarƙaƙƙiya, amma hujjar tana cikin tattaunawar fasaha.
Maƙasudin maƙasudin shine samun mai siyarwa wanda injiniyoyi za su iya magana da injiniyoyinku a cikin yare ɗaya—harshen juriya, kaddarorin kayan aiki, yanayin gazawa, da sarrafa tsari. Bangaren da ya zo a cikin akwati shine kawai bayyanar zahiri ta fahimtar juna. Ya kamata a ji ba kamar kayan da aka saya ba, amma kamar yadda aka kawo mafita wanda ku biyu ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙira. Wannan shine lokacin da kuka san kun ƙaura daga siyan sassa zuwa gina sarkar wadata.
A ƙarshe, mafi yawan abin dogara shine sau da yawa dangantaka da mutanen da suka yi shi. Domin lokacin da batu na gaba ya taso - kuma zai kasance - kuna buƙatar kiran waya, ba izinin dawowa ba.
