Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'haɓaka simintin simintin gyare-gyare', nan da nan suna tunanin abubuwan gama gari-316 bakin karfe, watakila 17-4PH. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Garin ba kawai kayan da kuke oda ba; shi ne gaba ɗaya bayanin halayen halayen daga narkewa zuwa ƙarshe. Na ga zane-zane da yawa suna ƙayyadad da ma'auni ba tare da la'akari da haɓakar zafin jiki ba yayin ƙonewar harsashi ko yadda wani babban abin da ke tushen nickel zai amsa ga yumbu na gida. Ba siyan kaya ba ne. Tattaunawa ce tsakanin sunadarai, tsari, da aiki na ƙarshe.
Ƙimar Da Ba A Fahimta Ba: Ya Fi Takardun Sinadarai
Bari mu sami takamaiman. Abokin ciniki sau ɗaya ya nace akan yin amfani da babban aiki zuba jari simintin gami don samfurin injin turbine, haɗin nickel-chromium na mallakar mallaka. Takaddun bayanai sun yi alƙawarin ƙarfin amfanin gona mai ban mamaki a 800 ° C. Abin da bai faɗi ba shi ne yadda rashin yafewa ya kasance a lokacin matakin dewaxing. Mun yi amfani da daidaitaccen zagayowar autoclave na tururi. Sakamakon? Micro-cracks a cikin harsashi, kusan ba a iya gani, wanda kawai ya nuna a matsayin lahani na sama bayan maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Alamar ba ta da kyau-tsarin mu ba a keɓance shi da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfansa da juriya na zafin zafi Wannan shine darasi: takardar bayanan alloy babi na daya. An rubuta babi na biyu a cikin ginin ku.
Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na kanti suka sami ilimin littafin rubutu. Kamfanonin da suka ƙare, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ba kawai sayar da simintin gyare-gyare ba; suna sayar da wannan sabis ɗin fassarar. Kuna iya ganin ta a rukunin yanar gizon su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin harsashi da zuba jari, darajarsu ba wai kawai wajen zuba karfe ba; yana cikin sanin cewa gami da tushen cobalt don dasa lafiyar likita yana buƙatar zafin zafin zafin daban daban don ƙirar fiye da bakin karfe don bawul ɗin sarrafa abinci. Wannan shi ne ilimin tacit.
Na tuna aiki don bangaren petrochemical da ke buƙatar Hastelloy C-276. Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, mafarki mai ban tsoro don jefawa. Babban abun ciki na molybdenum yana sa ya zama mai sauƙi ga samar da matakan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki idan adadin sanyaya ba daidai ba ne. Dole ne mu daidaita zafin zuɓi ƙasa da daidaitattun ajin gami kuma mu yi amfani da toppings exothermic don sarrafa jagorar ƙarfafawa. Ya yi aiki, amma ya fito daga rukunin farko da bai yi nasara ba inda tsakiyar simintin ya kasance wani ɓarna. Daidaitaccen gami ya kusa gaza saboda mun bi da shi daidai da littafin, amma ba daidai ba don takamaiman tsarin harsashi da ƙirar gating ɗin mu.
Ƙarfafa Haɗin gwiwa: Daga Buga zuwa Sashe
Wannan yana kaiwa ga babban batu na biyu: nasara zuba jari haɗin gwiwa ne, ba aikin siye ba. Aika cikakkiyar ma'anar bugu zuwa ma'auni da neman fa'ida caca ce. Hanya mafi wayo tana haɗa da abokin aikin fasaha kamar QSY da wuri. Haɗin haɗin haɗin su na simintin gyare-gyare da injinan CNC na cikin gida yana nufin suna tunanin duk tafiyar. Za su yi tambaya: Shin wannan kaurin bangon bai dace ba don guje wa tabo mai zafi? ko za mu iya ba da shawarar ɗan ƙaramin daftarin aiki akan wannan fasalin don haɓaka ingancin simintin simintin kafin mu taɓa hanyar kayan aiki?
Misali, mun yi aiki akan gidan firikwensin a cikin bakin karfe 440C. Bangaren yana buƙatar ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ciki. Asalin mai zanen ya ƙayyadad'a madaidaiciya, simintin siminti. QSY's tawagar sun ba da shawarar jefa shi dan kadan amma tare da mafi kyawun tsarin hatsi, sannan a gama shi akan injinan su na CNC. Wannan ba injina mai ban haushi ba ne; tana amfani da injina ne don ba da tabbacin za a iya inganta tsarin simintin don daidaiton tsari, ba kawai tsari ba. An yi amfani da taurin alloy ɗin a cikin jiyya mai zafi bayan simintin, ba a dogara da shi don gyara porosity na simintin ba.
Madadin shine wasan zargi na gargajiya. Kamfanonin suna zargi da ruwa na gami, abokin ciniki ya zargi dabarar da aka kafa. Samun mai kaya wanda ke sarrafa duka biyun zuba jari simintin gami sauye-sauye da mashin ɗin daidaitaccen mashin ɗin a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya yana daidaita lissafin. Lokacin da QSY ya lissafa ayyukansu tare da kayan aiki na musamman kamar cobalt da na tushen nickel, wannan sigina ce da aka saita su don waɗannan haɗaɗɗun ayyukan, ayyukan warware matsala, ba kawai gudanar da ƙirar kakin zuma ta hanyar daidaitaccen layi ba.
Gating, Ciyarwa, da Boyayyen Geometry
Ba a gama tattaunawa ba tare da gating ba. Alloy yana tsara tsarin gating fiye da komai. Aluminum gami? Gabaɗaya suna ciyarwa da kyau, amma suna raguwa da yawa. Kuna buƙatar masu tashi masu karimci. Wasu bakin karfe, kamar makin martensitic, suna da ƙarancin ruwa. Kuna buƙatar zubar da zafi mai zafi, lokacin cika sauri, da sanya ƙofofin a hankali don guje wa ɓarna. Wannan sana'a ce zalla.
Na koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tare da gami da zirconium-jan karfe. Ya kasance don bangaren lantarki. Alloy ɗin yana da kyakyawan ɗabi'a amma ƙunƙuntaccen kewayon ƙarfi. Gating ɗin mu na farko, wanda yayi aiki mai kyau don siliki tagulla, ya haifar da raguwar tsaka-tsaki mai tsanani. Mun warware shi ta hanyar canzawa zuwa tsarin da aka matsa, mai matsewa wanda ya tilasta gaba mai ƙarfi na jagora. Zane ya yi kama da misalin littafin rubutu. Yana da muni, amma ya haifar da simintin sauti. Maganar ita ce, ƙirar gating aiki ne kai tsaye na kayan haɗin gwal. Ba za ku iya kwafa- manna shi ba.
Wannan wani yanki ne inda aikin da aka daɗe yana nuna ƙimarsa. Laburaren ƙirar kamfani da tarihin ƙirar ƙofofin gating daban-daban zuba jari simintin gami iyalai babbar kadara ce. Ba abu ne da za ku iya saya ba. An tara ta cikin shekaru 30 na gwaji, kuskure, da nasara, kamar ma'ajiyar da kamfani kamar QSY zai gina. Lokacin da suka ce sun ƙware a cikin waɗannan matakai, wannan ɓoyayyun bayanan bayanan abin da ya yi aiki don waccan gami na ƙarshe shine babban ɓangaren abin da suke siyarwa a zahiri.
Layin Ƙarshe: Lokacin da Alloy ya Haɗu Bayan Gudanarwa
Mutane sukan ware simintin gyare-gyare daga maganin zafi da injina. Wannan kuskure ne mai mahimmanci. Zabin zuba jari simintin gami ya kafa dokoki ga duk abin da ya biyo baya. Dauki 17-4PH bakin karfe. Kuna iya jefa shi a cikin yanayin da aka magance maganin (Sharadi A). Amma idan kuna buƙatar H1150 mai shekaru biyu don ingantaccen ƙarfi, dole ne ku tsara tsarin injin ku. Machining a cikin Yanayin A ya fi sauƙi, amma sai ɓangaren zai ɓata lokacin tsufa. Wani lokaci dole ne ka yi m inji, shekaru, sa'an nan gama inji. Halayen alloy shine tsarin lokaci.
Muna da wani aiki don bangaren jirgin sama mara matuki a cikin Mar-M247, babban abin alfahari na tushen nickel. Kusan ba za a iya yin shi ba a cikin cikakken yanayin yanayin zafi. Hanya daya tilo ita ce a jefa shi a matsayin kusa da sifar yanar gizo kamar yadda mutum zai yiwu, sannan a yi amfani da EDM (Machining Discharge Machining) don mahimman fasali. Gabaɗayan ƙira an gudanar da shi ta hanyar gaskiyar wannan gami ta bayan simintin simintin. Dole ne wurin samar da injina da injina su kasance cikin tattaunawa akai-akai tun daga rana ta farko. Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar hanya ita ce ainihin abin da mai ba da hankali a tsaye yake bayarwa. Duban iyakar QSY-simintin gyare-gyare da injina na CNC-ya bayyana sarai cewa wannan handoff ɗin na ciki ne, ba sarkar dillalai na waje mai haɗari ba.
Wani mahimmin batu shine ƙarewar ƙasa. Wasu gami, kamar wasu tagulla na aluminium, na iya haɓaka ma'auni mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi bayan maganin zafi. Idan kuna yin ɓangaren kayan kwalliya, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige maganin zafi na yanayi mai sarrafawa ko shirin tsinkewa mai tsauri. Wannan ba na sakandare ba ne; sakamako ne kai tsaye na sinadarai na gami da kuka zaɓa tun da farko. Alloys ɗin QSY na musamman ya ambaci aiki tare da kullun suna zuwa tare da waɗannan buƙatun sarrafawa na musamman.
Neman Gaba: Alloy a matsayin Farko
To ina wannan ya bar mu? The zuba jari simintin gami shine madaidaicin tushe. Ba abu ne na layi ba. Saitin umarni ne don duka bututun samarwa. Haƙiƙanin ƙwarewa a cikin wannan masana'antar ba ta ta'allaka ne kawai a cikin zub da ƙarfe ba, amma a cikin haɓaka madaidaicin ra'ayi tsakanin ƙarfe, ƙirar ƙira, aikin zub da ruwa, da matakan gamawa.
Ayyukan da suka fi nasara da na kasance ɓangare na bi da zaɓin gami da ci gaban tsari azaman guda ɗaya, aikin injiniya na lokaci guda. Ya ƙunshi mai ƙira, masanin ƙarfe, da injiniyan aikin kafawa daga taron ra'ayi na farko. Wannan samfurin haɗin gwiwar shine abin da ke juya abu mai ƙalubale kamar tushen cobalt ko tushen nickel. zuba jari simintin gami daga abin alhaki zuwa wani abin dogaro.
A ƙarshe, daɗewar kamfani a cikin wannan sararin samaniya, kamar tarihin shekaru 30 na fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, watakila shine mafi kyawun nunin wannan zurfin fahimtar fahimtar tsari. Ba game da samun fanciest tanderu ba; yana da game da samun ƙwaƙwalwar cibiyoyin yadda ɗaruruwan alloli daban-daban suka yi a cikin takamaiman mahallin su, daga ɗakin kakin zuma zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Wannan shi ne abin da ba a taɓa gani ba wanda ke haifar da bambanci tsakanin ɓangaren da ya wuce QC da ɓangaren da ke yin aiki mara aibi na shekaru da yawa a fagen.
