Lokacin da mafi yawan mutane suka ji 'bataccen simintin simintin kakin zuma', suna ɗaukar hoto mai tsafta, kusan tsari na sihiri inda cikakkun sassan ƙarfe ke fitowa daga harsashi na yumbu. Gaskiyar ita ce, musamman a cikin babban haɗin gwiwa, yanayin shagunan sana'a mai ƙarancin ƙima, ya fi rikicewa kuma ya fi muni. Ba wai kawai a narke karfe da zuba ba; Tattaunawa ce ta dindindin tsakanin ƙira, halayen kayan aiki, da taurin ilimin physics na ƙarfe mai sanyaya. Yawancin abokan ciniki suna zuwa suna tsammanin abubuwan al'ajabi daga rasa simintin gyaran kafa aiwatar da kanta, ba tare da sanin cewa ainihin gwaninta na tushen ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsinkaya da sarrafa murdiya, sarrafa tsarin gating don rage sharar gida ba, da sanin ainihin yadda bakin karfe 17-4PH zai ragu da 316L. Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na samun dattin hannayen ku.
The Core Illusion: Precision and Its Discontent
Kalmar 'simintin saka hannun jari' tana sayar da mafarkin kamalar siffa mai siffa. Ee, ga sassa da yawa, yana kusantar ku fiye da simintin yashi ko ƙirƙira. Amma 'net-siffa' bakan ce. Na tuna wani aiki don bangaren injin turbine, aikin gami na tushen nickel. Zane ya yi kira ga juriya da yayi kyau akan takarda. Tsarin kakin zuma ya kasance cikakke. Harsashi yayi kyau. Amma lokacin da karfen ya shiga, hadadden lissafi na ciki ya haifar da rashin daidaiton yanayin zafi. Sashe ɗaya ya yi sanyi da sauri, yana jawo damuwa akan bangon bakin ciki. Sakamakon? Hargitsi na kusan 0.5mm akan mahimmin datum - ya isa ya kwashe tsari. Darasin ba shine rasa kakin simintin kafa kasa; shi ne tsarin ya yi magana. Dole ne mu koma baya, mu gyara ƙirar kakin zuma tare da 'hargitsi' ramuwa, nau'in yaƙe-yaƙe na riga-kafi dangane da gogewa, don samun ɓangaren ƙarfe na ƙarshe a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Wannan shine aikin mara kyan gani: gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare.
A nan ne tsawon rayuwar kafuwar ke da mahimmanci. Shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da tarihinsa na shekaru 30, ya ga waɗannan hanyoyin gazawar a cikin ɗaruruwan gami da siffofi. Ƙwaƙwalwar cibiyar ba za ta iya maye gurbinsa ba. Ba a cikin littafin jagora; yana cikin ji na gama-gari na masu yin tsari da masu sarrafa tanderu. Suna haɓaka fahimtar yadda tsayi, siririyar simintin gyare-gyare a cikin ƙarfe na carbon yana buƙatar nau'in zafin jiki daban-daban da ƙirar hawan sama fiye da squat, chunky ɗaya a cikin baƙin ƙarfe. Ba za ku iya kwaikwaya duka ba.
Zaɓin kayan abu wani filin hakowa ne. Abokan ciniki galibi suna tsoma baki zuwa 'bakin karfe' don juriyar lalata. Amma wanne? 304 ya fi sauƙi don jefa amma yana iya fama da hazo na carbide a yankunan da zafi ya shafa idan ana buƙatar walda daga baya. 316 yana da mafi kyawun juriya amma yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan don ciyarwa yayin ƙarfafawa, mai saurin haɓakawa. Don matsananciyar yanayi, muna turawa zuwa ga gami na musamman - cobalt da na tushen nickel. Halin su a cikin zuba jari tsari wani dabba ne daban gaba daya. Suna da danko, suna da madaidaicin tagogin zafin jiki, kuma suna buƙatar cikakkun kayan harsashi masu tsabta don guje wa gurɓata. Wani ɗan ƙazanta na iya zama wurin farawa da fashewa a ƙarƙashin babban damuwa. Ambaton QSY na ƙware a waɗannan allunan ba batu ne kawai na harsashi ba; yana nufin sun saka hannun jari a cikin sarrafa yanayin narkewa da fasahar harsashi da ake buƙata don sarrafa su, wanda yawancin masanan na gama gari ke gujewa.
Jarumin da ba'a Waka ba: Girgiza Hannu
Babu tsanani rasa kakin simintin kafa yana aiki a sarari. Sashin simintin gyare-gyare kusan ko da yaushe abin da aka riga aka yi shi ne. Wannan shi ne mahimmin handoff. Na ga kyawawan simintin gyare-gyaren da wani kantin mashin ɗin ya lalatar da su wanda ke ɗaukar su kamar billet ɗin kayan haja. Za su yanke nauyi, ba tare da sanin fatar simintin saka hannun jari na iya samun ɗan taurin ɗan bambanta ba ko kuma kwararar hatsin cikin gida ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Sakamakon? Maganganun kayan aiki, abubuwan da aka karye, ko mafi muni, haifar da damuwa wanda ke bayyana azaman fashewa bayan makonni.
Saitin da ya dace, kuma wanda da alama shine abin ƙira a QSY da aka ba da haɗin gwiwar simintin su da Injin CNC ayyuka, shi ne m hadewa. Ƙungiyar mashin ɗin tana buƙatar sanin yadda aka kori ɓangaren da kuma tashi. Suna buƙatar sanin inda yuwuwar raguwar porosity na iya kasancewa (yawanci yana cikin cibiyar thermal, kusa da wurin ƙarshe don ƙarfafawa). Wannan yana ba su damar tsara hanyoyin daidaitawarsu da hanyoyin kayan aiki don guje wa waɗannan yankuna don ƙare masu mahimmanci ko cire su gaba ɗaya a farkon wucewar roughing. Lokacin da simintin gyare-gyare da injina ke ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, madaidaicin amsa yana nan da nan. Injiniyan na iya komawa filin katafaren ginin ya ce, Muna samun kayan aiki masu ban mamaki akan wannan flange, kuma injiniyan ginin zai iya bincika idan akwai matsalar taurin gida daga saurin sanyaya.
Wannan haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci ga ƙima. Yana juyar da ginin simintin gyare-gyare daga mai ba da kayayyaki zuwa mai samar da mafita. Ga abokin ciniki, yana nufin batu ɗaya na lissafi. Gine-ginen ba zai iya zargin mashin ɗin da wani lahani a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba, kuma mashin ɗin ba zai iya zargin mashin ɗin da rashin aikin injina ba. Dole ne su warware shi tare. Yana tilasta madaidaicin ra'ayi na ɓangaren daga narkakken ƙarfe zuwa ɓangaren da ya gama.
Shell Mold: The Quiet Workhorse
Mutane sun damu da kakin zuma da karfe, amma harsashi shine ke tabbatar da inganci. Tsarin 'harsashi mold simintin' jerin QSY tare da zuba jari yana faɗa. Yayin da gaskiya rasa simintin gyaran kafa yana amfani da yumbu slurry da stucco da aka gina a kusa da ƙirar kakin zuma, gyare-gyaren harsashi yawanci yana amfani da ƙera yashi wanda aka riga aka ƙera don ƙarin siffofi. Amma ka'idodin amincin harsashi na duniya ne. Rashin gazawar Shell yana da bala'i - ƙarewar narkakken ƙarfe yana da haɗari da tsada.
Shaidan yana cikin bushewa da harbe-harbe. Da sauri sosai, kuma harsashi yana haɓaka ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Jinkirin ya yi yawa, kuma samarwa ya ragu. Girgizawar thermal lokacin da ƙarfe 1500°C ya faɗo harsashi mai zafin daki yana da girma. Dole harsashi ya kasance yana da isasshen ƙarfin da zai iya barin iska da iskar gas su tsere, amma ba da ƙura ba har ƙarfe ya shiga, yana haifar da 'ƙarfe walƙiya' a saman. Samun wannan ma'auni daidai don babban, fa'ida mai lebur ya bambanta da ga mai yawa, jikin bawul mai chunky. Girke-girke ne da aka daidaita ta ji da gogewa, galibi ta babban ma'aikacin kiln wanda ke yin hukunci da sautin harsashi lokacin da aka taɓa shi.
Don hadaddun hanyoyin shiga ciki, ainihin (wanda ke samar da lissafi na ciki) wani ciwon kai ne. Dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi da zai iya jure kwararar ƙarfe amma yana iya rugujewa don ba da izinin raguwar ƙarfe ba tare da haifar da hawaye masu zafi ba. Yin amfani da ainihin abin da ba daidai ba don simintin bakin karfe na iya haifar da 'cibiyar motsi' yayin zubowa, ɓata waɗancan hanyoyin na ciki da goge ɓangaren. Lissafin iyawar ma'adanin yakan yi haske akan wannan, amma babban batu ne na bambance-bambancen fasaha.
Lokacin da Al'amura suka yi Ba daidai ba: Al'adar Debugging
Binciken gazawa shine gwajin gaskiya na ƙwaƙƙwaran ma'auni. Bari mu ce kun sami tsari mai tarwatsewar porosity. Halin gaggawa na iya zama ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Wani lokaci hakan yana aiki. Wani lokaci kuma, yana ƙara yin muni ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin iskar gas a cikin ƙarfe, wanda sai ya fito kamar kumfa yayin da yake sanyi. Dalili na ainihi na iya zama danshi a cikin harsashi daga ranar da ba a gama gasa ba, ko kuma wani ɗan canji a cikin zafin allurar kakin zuma wanda ya canza yanayin yanayin yanayin, kama iska.
Na tuna wani akwati tare da jerin gwanon simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe inda muka ci gaba da yin sanyi (wani kabu da ake gani inda koguna biyu na ƙarfe suka hadu amma ba su haɗa ba). Mun tweaked gating, da zuba gudun, da karfe zafin jiki. Babu komai. A ƙarshe, wani ya yi tunanin duba yanayin zafin harsashi kafin ya zuba. An kashe shi da kusan 50 ° C. Harsashin yana aiki azaman matattarar zafi, yana sanyaya gaban karfe da sauri. Gyaran hakan yayi. Ma'anar ita ce, tsarin yana da yawa masu canji. Mai ƙwarewa rasa kakin simintin kafa yana da tsarin tsari, kusan tsarin bincike don magance matsala, wanda aka haife shi daga ganin waɗannan gazawar a da.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da ginin tushe yana da daraja. Umurnin farko na iya samun hiccup yayin da bangarorin biyu ke koyo. Amma ta hanyar tsari na biyar, ginin yana da 'girke-girke' don takamaiman ɓangaren ku - saitin sigogi waɗanda suka san yana haifar da nasara. Wannan ilimin shine ainihin samfurin, ba kawai siffar karfe ba.
Makomar Ba Aiki Ba Kawai
Akwai magana da yawa game da bugu na 3D da ginin harsashi mai sarrafa kansa. Kuma suna da kyau don yin samfuri da wasu nau'ikan geometry. Amma ga yawancin ayyukan samarwa, musamman tare da kafaffen sassa, hanyoyin gargajiya har yanzu suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da tsada. Latsa allurar kakin zuma wanda ƙwararren ma'aikaci ke sarrafa wanda zai iya jin ɗan ja akan fistan kuma ya daidaita matsa lamba akan haka yana da wuya a maye gurbinsa gaba ɗaya. Idon ɗan adam yana kama ɗan rashin daidaituwa a cikin babban taro har yanzu kayan aikin QC ne mai ƙarfi.
Juyin halitta da nake gani a cikin ƙwararrun masana kamar QSY shine haɗin waɗannan ƙwarewar gargajiya tare da kayan aikin dijital. Yin amfani da software na siminti mai ƙarfi ba don maye gurbin gwaninta ba, amma don inganta shi. Yin amfani da bayanan CMM daga Injin CNC mataki don mayar da martani cikin algorithms gyara tsarin. Gidan da aka samo asali na yau shine matasan: takalma masu ƙura da masu taɓawa.
A ƙarshe, ƙimar a rasa kakin simintin kafa yana cikin hukuncinsa. Yana cikin sanin lokacin da za a bi takaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da lokacin da za a kira injiniyan kuma a ba da shawarar ɗan canjin radius na fillet wanda zai ceci makonni na ciwon kai. Yana da game da sarrafa rashin tabbas na canza ƙarfen ruwa zuwa madaidaici, abin dogaro. Sana'a ce, mai kama da masana'antu.
