Lokacin da kuka ji 'kayan simintin simintin saka hannun jari', hoton nan da nan yakan kasance na waɗancan hadaddun, ƙafafun turbocharger masu ƙyalƙyali ko ƙaƙƙarfan braket ɗin injin. Wannan gaskiya ne, amma kuma shine inda rashin fahimtar masana'antu na yau da kullum ya fara: tunanin cewa kawai don babban matsayi ne, ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa masu mahimmanci. A zahiri, tsarin yana cikin nutsuwa cikin samar da yawa kuma, amma ƙalubalen suna canzawa gaba ɗaya. Ba wai kawai don yin siffar ba; yana da game da sanya shi tsira da nisan mil 200,000 na zagayowar yanayin zafi da girgiza ba tare da kasawa ba, da yin hakan a farashin da ba zai sa manajan saye ya yi nasara ba. Na ga ayyukan da zane ya yi kyau a kan allo amma mafarki mai ban tsoro a cikin ginin, da sauran inda wani sauƙi mai sauƙi zuwa kusurwar daftarin aiki ya ceci arziki a cikin machining. Bari mu yi magana game da ainihin abin da yake ɗauka.
Babban Kira: Me yasa Motoci ke Ci gaba da Komawa Simintin Zuba Jari
Ya gangara zuwa ga lissafin lissafi da amincin kayan abu. Ga sassa kamar zuba jari simintin gyaran motoci sassa kamar gidaje masu firikwensin tare da tashoshi na ciki, ko ƙananan ƙirar ƙirar ƙira don firam ɗin baturi na EV, ba za ku iya kawai ƙirƙira ko sarrafa su daga toshewar tattalin arziki ba. Ƙarfin siffar-kusa-net shine nasara ta farko. Kuna tanadi akan sharar kayan abu, musamman tare da gami masu tsada, kuma kuna rage sa'o'in injinan sakandare sosai.
Amma a nan ga ɗan ƙanƙara wanda ƙayyadaddun bayanai wasu lokuta ke rasa: daidaiton ƙarfe. Sashin simintin saka hannun jari mai kyau, lokacin da aka buga tsarin, yana da tsari iri ɗaya, kyakkyawan tsari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga sassan da ke ƙarƙashin damuwa na cyclic. Na tuna da wani aikin injin dizal da yawa-na al'ada zuba jari simintin gyaran motoci sassa aikace-aikace. Kalubalen ba siffar ba; yana hana hawaye masu zafi a cikin sassan sassan da ke tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa. Mun zazzage nau'i uku na girke-girke na harsashi na yumbura kuma mun daidaita yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar 25 ° C don samun ingantaccen gaba dama. Wannan shine irin gyaran bene na kanti wanda ƙirar CAD ba sa nuna muku.
Wannan shine inda abokan aikin kafa na dogon lokaci ke nuna ƙimar su. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin da suka yi a cikin harsashi da zuba jari, suna da wannan gogewar gasa. Sun ga abin da ke aiki don jikin bawul ɗin EGR mai bakin karfe tare da mahalli mai turbine na tushen nickel. Wannan takamaiman ilimin kayan aiki-sanin yadda, a ce, bakin karfe 17-4PH zai yi aiki yayin cire harsashi — ba zai iya maye gurbinsa ba. Yana hana gwaji-da-kuskure mai tsada akan kuɗin ku.
Gaskiyar Gritty: Haƙuri, Filaye, da Mugyawar Hannun Injin
Babu kowa a cikin sarkar samar da motoci da ke da alatu na simintin gyare-gyare don gamawa don mahimman abubuwan. Alkawarin jurewar simintin simintin gyare-gyare galibi yana da kyakkyawan fata ga filayen mating. Kowane bangare yana buƙatar datum, kuma a nan ne CNC machining ke shigowa. Haƙiƙanin fasaha yana cikin tsarin aiwatarwa: yanke shawarar waɗanne saman da za a jefar kusa da gidan yanar gizo da abin da zai bar haja mai yawa don yanke tsafta.
Na koyi wannan hanya mai wuya da wuri tare da sashin watsawa. Mun tsara shi don zama cikakkiyar simintin simintin net, da nufin kawar da mashin ɗin. Babban kuskure. 'Yar murdiya daga maganin zafi na nufin tsarin ramin ƙulli ya nitse kawai don haifar da matsala mai dacewa akan layin taro. Dole ne mu kwashe duka rukunin matukin jirgi. Gyaran? Mun sake tsara shi don jefa babban jiki don siffa amma mun bar izinin yin injina mai karimci akan duk fuskoki masu hawa. Kudin kowane bangare ya ragu saboda yawan amfanin gona ya haura. Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar hanya ita ce ainihin dalilin da ya sa ayyukan da ke haɗa simintin gyare-gyare da machining a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar QSY ya yi da nasu zuba jari da sassan CNC, suna da sauƙin aiki. Masu aikin injin suna magana da ma'aikatan ginin kullun; sun san yadda sashin zai iya jujjuyawa kuma suna iya tsara tsarin daidaitawa daidai.
Ƙarshen saman wani filin yaƙi ne. Wurin simintin gyare-gyare na iya yin kyau, amma ga wani ɓangaren da ke ganin matsin mai ko yana da tsagi na O-ring, porosity na simintin simintin zai iya zama hanyar ɗigo. Mu sau da yawa muna ƙayyadad da abin da aka kera a kan saman rufewa, koda kuwa yana ƙara mataki. Makullin shine sadarwa da wannan a fili a cikin tarin zane. Shin abin da ake buƙata Ra 3.2 μm ne ga duka ɓangaren, ko kawai fuskar flange? Rashin fahimta a nan yana kashe kuɗi da lokaci.
Zaɓin Abu: Ba Ƙarfi kawai ba ne
Yi tafiya cikin kowane taron injiniyan motoci, kuma tattaunawar abu ta mamaye ƙarfin juzu'i da maki samarwa. Domin zuba jari simintin gyaran motoci sassa, tikitin shiga kenan. Dole ne ku yi tunani game da gyare-gyare, walƙiya (na ƙananan majalisai), da injina na ƙasa.
Ɗauki mataki zuwa ƙarin abubuwan shaye-shaye a cikin bakin karfe don juriyar lalata. AISI 316 yana da kyau don lalata, amma yana da ɗanɗano ga na'ura. Canjawa zuwa mafi machin maƙiyi kamar 303, ko ma bambance-bambancen kayan aikin kyauta na mallakar mallaka daga tushen tushe, na iya lalata kayan aikin CNC da lokutan zagayowar. Abokin tarayya kamar QSY, wanda ke lissafin gwaninta a cikin abubuwan da ba su da kyau da na musamman kamar cobalt da na tushen nickel, na iya ba da shawara akan waɗannan cinikin. Za su iya ba da shawarar, alal misali, nau'in nau'in carbon mai ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙimar ƙarfe idan sashin za a yi waldashi daga baya, don hana hazo carbide a yankin da zafi ya shafa.
Sannan akwai ma'aunin faɗaɗawar thermal. Don taron da ya haɗu da mahalli na aluminum tare da simintin simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kuna buƙatar gami waɗanda ke wasa da zafi mai kyau. Samun wannan kuskure yana haifar da raguwar damuwa da gazawar gajiya da wuri. Waɗannan zaɓin kayan aikin tsaka-tsaki ne ke raba samfurin aiki daga shirye-shiryen samarwa, abin ɗorewa.
Hanyoyin gazawa da darussan da suke koyarwa
Ba za ku fahimci tsarin masana'anta da gaske ba har sai kun ga ya gaza. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira ɗaya ita ce rukuni na jikin ma'aunin aluminum. Sun wuce duk gwaje-gwaje masu girma amma sun kasa gwajin matsa lamba a cikin injin injin. Mai laifi? Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangarori a kusa da ɗorawa masu hawa, ganuwa ga X-ray a mitar samfurin mu. Dole ne ginin ginin ya canza tsarin gating don ciyar da waɗancan wuraren da kyau yayin ƙarfafawa. Ya kasance al'ada na ƙira don aiki amma ba don ƙira ba.
Wani matsala na yau da kullun shine rashin kimanta farashin hadaddun. Ƙara cewa ƙarin fasalin ciki ɗaya na iya zama kamar kyauta a cikin ƙira, amma idan yana buƙatar hadadden yumbura mai rauni kuma yana da ƙimar karyewa yayin lalata, farashin rukunin ku na iya ninka sau biyu. Na zauna tare da injiniyoyin sarrafawa inda a zahiri muka auna farashin ƙara cibiya tare da hako fasalin a cikin aikin CNC na biyu. Wani lokaci, inji yana da rahusa. Manufar zuba jari ba don kawar da duk machining ba; shi ne don inganta jimillar kuɗin da aka gama, ingantaccen ɓangaren.
Waɗannan gogewa suna nuna dalilin da yasa ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Ba wai kawai binciken ƙarshe ba ne. Yana da game da sarrafa tsari a kowane mataki: daidaiton allura na kakin zuma, yumbu slurry danko, sigogi na dewaxing, sunadarai narke na ƙarfe, da masu lankwasa zafi. Tsari mai ƙarfi yana kama ɓarna kafin su zama guntu. Lokacin kimanta tushe, koyaushe ina tambaya game da sarrafa tsarin ƙididdiga (SPC) akan ma'auni masu mahimmanci da zurfin rahoton binciken su na farko.
Makomar: Sauƙaƙe, Wutar Lantarki, da Juyin Halitta
Tuƙi don motocin lantarki yana canza zuba jari simintin gyaran motoci sassa shimfidar wuri. Sassan sun bambanta: ƙarin rikitattun faranti na sanyaya don fakitin baturi, kayan aikin aluminum ko magnesium mai nauyi, da maƙallan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don hawan motar lantarki. Ƙididdiga masu girma, wanda ke tura tsarin zuwa ƙarin aiki da kai a cikin haɗin kakin zuma da ginin harsashi don kiyaye daidaito da maƙasudin farashi.
Hakanan akwai aiki mai ban sha'awa a cikin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Misali, simintin simintin rikiɗar ɗimbin yawa a cikin bakin karfe amma barin fakitin dabaru don sarrafa tashoshin firikwensin daga baya. Ko amfani da bugu na 3D don ƙirƙirar ƙirar yumbu kai tsaye don sassan samfuri masu rikitarwa, ketare kayan aikin kakin zuma na gargajiya gabaɗaya don gajerun gudu. Wannan shine inda masana'antar ke kan gaba-haɗa tsofaffi da sabbin fasahohi.
A ƙarshe, nasara a wannan fagen ba shine samun ƙasidar mafi kyawu ba. Yana da game da samun zurfin gwaninta don gudanar da sasantawa tsakanin ƙira, kimiyyar lissafi, da tattalin arzikin samarwa. Yana game da abokan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda za su iya kallon zane kuma nan da nan za su yi alama masu zafi masu zafi, bayar da shawarar radius mafi kyawun simintin gyare-gyare, ko ba da shawarar darajar kayan da za ta yi aiki mafi kyau a cikin sabis. Wannan haɗin gwiwa mai amfani, warware matsalolin shine abin da ke juya kyakkyawan ƙira zuwa ingantaccen abin dogaro, kayan aikin kera mai tsada wanda ke jujjuya layin, kowace shekara. Wannan shine ainihin ƙimar tsarin, wanda ya wuce ikon yin kyawawan siffofi.
