Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'kamfanonin simintin saka hannun jari,' suna hoton ƙasidu masu kyalli tare da cikakkun sassan ƙarfe. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni, mafi ban sha'awa, kuma a zahiri, inda ainihin ƙimar ke samuwa-ko rasa. Ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne; yana da kusan sarrafa ɗaruruwan ƙanana masu canji daga kakin zuma gauraye danko zuwa ƙimar ƙimar zafi ta ƙarshe. Shagunan da yawa suna magana babban wasa akan juriyar juriya, amma ainihin gwajin shine daidaito tsakanin tsari goma, ba kawai samfurin farko ba.
Batun Batun: Tsari Ne Kawai
Akwai wannan ra'ayi mai yaduwa cewa simintin saka hannun jari tsari ne na kayayyaki - kuna aika fayil ɗin CAD, kuna samun sassa. Wannan tunanin shine hanya mafi sauri zuwa aikin da ya gaza. Tsarin shine tsarin, tabbas, amma ilimin da kamfani ke da shi shine samfurin. Na ga injiniyoyi sun ƙididdige bakin 17-4 PH, suna ɗauka yana da sauƙi, kawai don samun sassa tare da taurin da bai dace ba saboda tushen tushe ba shi da yanayi mai sarrafawa na nitrogen don maganin maganin ko rashin fahimtar yanayin H900. Zabin zuba jari simintin kamfanoni zaɓi ne na horon ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ba kawai jerin kayan aikin su ba.
Misali, yin aiki tare da gami kamar na tushen nickel (tunanin Inconel 718) ko na tushen cobalt (kamar Stellite 6) yana raba manyan yan wasa daga sauran. Ba wai kawai narke su bane. Yana da game da fahimtar yadda kayan ƙera harsashi ke hulɗa tare da abubuwan amsawa na gami a 1500 ° C, yana hana haɓakar saman ko ɗaukar carbon mai mahimmanci. Kamfanin da ya ce e a hankali, muna yin hakan ba tare da nutsewa cikin damuwa da bayanin yanayin zafin aikace-aikacenku ba alama ce ta ja. Na koyi wannan hanya mai wahala akan sashin sararin samaniya wanda ya gaza a hawan keke; Tushen sanadin shine gano gurɓataccen abu daga slurry da aka sake yin fa'ida.
A nan ne tsayin daka a fagen ke da muhimmanci. A m kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ambaton tarihin aikin su na shekaru 30, yana nuna alamar dagewa ta hanyar zagayowar kasuwa. Wannan tsawon lokacin yana nufin sun yi yuwuwar ci karo da daidaitawa zuwa bita-da-kullin gami mara iyaka, canjin ka'idojin muhalli, da haɓaka tsarin ingancin abokin ciniki. Yana nuna zurfin ƙwaƙwalwar gyara matsala ba za ku iya saya da sababbin injuna ba.
Nuancen Shell Mold: Inda Sihiri (da Matsaloli) ke ɓoye
Kowa ya mai da hankali kan karfe, amma harsashi yumbu shine gwarzon da ba a yi wa waƙa ba-ko mai saɓo shiru. Juyawa daga sassauƙan filasta zuwa tsarin harsashi yumbu mai yawa shine abin da ke bayyana simintin saka hannun jari na zamani. Ƙwarewar ba kawai a gina harsashi ba; yana cikin aikin injiniya ƙarfinsa da juriyar girgiza zafin zafi. Harsashi wanda ke da rauni sosai yayin fashewa ( fashewar tururi na autoclave), yana lalata ƙirar. Harsashi wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba yakan kama iskar gas, yana haifar da porosity a cikin simintin.
Na tuna da wani aiki na famfo impeller inda muke da m shrinkage porosity a cikin lokacin farin ciki sashe. The zuba jari simintin kamfanoni mun yi aiki tare da ci gaba da tweaking girman feeder. Ainihin gyaran ya fito ne daga wani injiniyan aikin soja wanda ya kalli jadawalin gina harsashi. Ya rage slurry danko a cikin riguna na farko don ba da damar shirya abubuwan da suka fi dacewa kuma ya ƙara girman stucco grit a cikin tsaka-tsaki don haɓaka magudanar ruwa yayin bushewa. Wannan ya haifar da harsashi tare da ɗimbin digiri wanda ke sarrafa jagorar ƙarfafawa yadda ya kamata fiye da ƙara ƙarin hawan ƙarfe. Wannan shine nau'in ilimin aiki, wanda ba a bayyane yake ba da kuke biyan kuɗi.
Wannan yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. ambaton QSY na ƙware a cikin simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi da zuba jari abin lura ne. Sau da yawa yana nuna suna sarrafa tsarin duka da tsarin yin harsashi a cikin gida, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga daidaito. Yawancin shaguna suna fitar da samfuran kakin su ko slurry na farko, suna ƙara mai canzawa wanda ke da wahalar ganowa lokacin da aka gama ingancin drifts.
CNC Machining: Mahimman Symbiosis
Babu wani simintin saka hannun jari da ke da siffa mai kyau don sassa masu inganci. A koyaushe akwai fuskokin datum, daidaitattun ramuka, ko zaren da ke buƙatar injina. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin kamfen ɗin da kantin injin ba za ta iya zama mai gaba ba ko kuma a ɓoye. Babban farashin da na gani shine lokacin da mai simintin simintin gyare-gyare da injina ke aiki daban. Mashin ɗin ya koka game da tabo mai wuya da kuma alawus ɗin hannun jari mara daidaituwa; ma'adanin yana zargin machining ciyar da sauri.
Haɗe-haɗe Injin CNC iyawa, kamar abin da QSY ke haskakawa, yana canza wasan. Yana nufin ma'aikacin ƙarfe ɗaya wanda ya amince da sake zagayowar yanayin zafi zai iya ba injinan shawara akan ingantattun hanyoyin kayan aiki don takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari. Za su iya tsara simintin gyare-gyare tare da iya aiki a hankali-ƙara ƙaramar haja amma dabaru a wuraren da ke da saurin lalacewa yayin kashewa, alal misali. Na ga lokacin jagorar an yanke da kashi 30 cikin ɗari kawai saboda ɗimbin simintin ya zo tare da datum ɗin da aka riga aka yi, yana barin shagon CNC ya tsallake gwagwarmayar daidaitawa ta farko. Madaidaicin martani yana nan take.
Daki-daki mai amfani: lokacin yin bitar irin wannan kamfani, tambaya game da dabarun daidaita su don yin simintin gyare-gyare. Shin suna tsara kayan aiki na al'ada waɗanda ke gano wuraren da aka simintin? Ko dai kawai suna danne ɓangarorin kuma suna fatan samun mafi kyau? Amsar tana ba ku ƙarin game da matakin haɗin kai fiye da kowane filin tallace-tallace.
Zabin Abu: Ba Karfe Ba Ne Kawai
Neman bakin karfe kamar neman abin hawa-ba shi da ma'ana ba tare da mahallin mahallin ba. Bawul ɗin sarrafa abinci yana buƙatar 316L don juriya na lalata, kayan aikin tiyata na iya buƙatar 440C don taurin, kuma dacewa da ruwa na iya amfani da bakin ruwa Duplex don ƙarfi. Kowannensu yana nuna halaye daban-daban a cikin tsarin simintin saka hannun jari. 316L yana da tsayi mai tsayi mai tsayi, yana sa ya zama mai sauƙi ga micro-porosity; yana buƙatar ƙirar gating a hankali. 440C yana buƙatar madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki yayin maganin zafi don cimma rabon carbide da ake buƙata.
Maganar aiki tare da jefa baƙin ƙarfe, karfe, bakin karfe, kuma gami na musamman babban fayil ne, amma ainihin tambayar ita ce zurfin cikin kowane. Misali, tare da allunan tushen nickel, shin sun fahimci bambancin ka'idojin gyaran weld tsakanin Hastelloy X da Inconel 625? Shin za su iya ba da shawara kan matsi mai zafi na isostatic (HIP) bayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare? Wannan rawar shawara mabuɗin ce. Kyakkyawar kamfani za ta mayar da baya a kan zaɓin kayan aiki idan ƙarancin farashi mai ƙima zai iya biyan bukatun sabis - ceton kuɗin abokin ciniki da kuma guje wa ciwon kai na masana'antu.
Daga kuskure na: mun taɓa ƙayyadadden gami na tushen cobalt don farantin sawa muna ɗauka shine zaɓi mafi wahala. The zuba jari simintin kamfanoni mun samo daga ba mu tambaye shi ba. Abubuwan da aka yi da kyau amma sun fashe yayin shigarwa. Wani ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'anta zai yi tambaya game da yanayin lodi kuma wataƙila ya ba da shawarar babban ƙarfe na carbon tare da abin rufe fuska na musamman - ɗan ƙaramin farashi kuma mafi dacewa don manufa. Mafi kyawun masu samar da kayayyaki sune masu ba da shawara na kayan aiki, ba kawai masu ba da oda ba.
Matsalolin Duniya na Haƙiƙa: Ƙarshe Sama & Girman Dimensional Drift
Rubuce-rubucen sun cika kyakkyawar gamawa, amma ana iya wasa daidaitattun masana'antu (RMS). Batu na ainihi shine ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa na ciki da kuma waɗanda aka yanke. Don ruwan injin turbine tare da tashoshi masu sanyaya na ciki, ƙarancin saman da ke cikin waɗancan tashoshi suna yin tasiri kai tsaye da kwararar iska da ingancin sanyaya. Ta yaya ma'adanin ke dubawa da tabbatar da hakan? Mutane da yawa sun dogara da ƙididdiga samfurin sassan da aka lalata, wanda ke da tsada.
Girgizar ƙasa akan aikin samarwa wani kisa ne mara shiru. Alamar alluran kakin zuma tana sawa, yawan wankan slurry yana canzawa tare da ƙafewa, bayanin zafin tanderu yana da wuraren zafi. Babban kamfani yana da tsarin sarrafa tsarin ƙididdiga (SPC) wanda ke bin waɗannan masu canji kuma yana daidaita su zuwa ma'auni na ƙarshe, ba kawai don fasaloli masu mahimmanci ba amma ga duka tsarin. Ya kamata su iya nuna maka sigogin sarrafawa. Na yi nisa daga shagunan da ke da kyawawan rahotannin binciken labarin farko amma babu bayanan aiki mai gudana.
Wannan shine inda ƙwarewar shekaru 30 na kamfani kamar QSY ya zama abin gani. Wataƙila sun gina babban ɗakin karatu na ciki na yadda takamaiman ɓangaren geometries ke aiwatar da su. Za su iya yin hasashen, tare da daidaito mai ma'ana, inda bangon bakin ciki zai iya jujjuya ko kuma wani yanki mai kauri zai iya raguwa, kuma sun riga sun biya tsarin kakin zuma daidai. Wannan ilimin mallakar mallaka ne ba za ku samu a cikin littafin karatu ba.
Tunani Na Ƙarshe: Zaɓan Abokin Hulɗa, Ba Mai siyarwa ba
Don haka, lokacin kimantawa zuba jari simintin kamfanoni, duba bayan jerin iyawa. Shiga cikin tarihin warware matsalolin su. Nemi binciken shari'ar simintin da ya gaza da yadda suka gano shi. Yi tambaya game da sadarwar su ta ciki tsakanin shagon ƙirar, wurin ganowa, da shagon injina. Shin suna da taron tsara tsarin haɗin gwiwa don sababbin ayyuka?
Manufar ita ce samun abokin tarayya wanda tunaninsa ya haɗu. Yakamata su ga tafiya daga samfurin 3D zuwa ɓangarorin da aka gama aikin a matsayin ci gaba ɗaya, mai iya sarrafawa. Kamfanonin da suka wuce shekaru da yawa, kamar wanda aka ambata a nan, yawanci sun haɓaka wannan cikakkiyar ra'ayi. Sun fahimci cewa aikinsu ba shine yin wasan kwaikwayo ba; shi ne isar da sashin aiki wanda ke yin dogaro da kai a fagen, kuma wannan alhakin yana farawa ne a matakin ƙira kuma baya ƙarewa har sai ɓangaren yana cikin sabis.
Filin da ba shi da kyau, mai cike da sasantawa da kiraye-kirayen yanke hukunci. Kamfanin da ya dace yana yin waɗancan kiran tare da ku, dauke da makamai da gogewa daga yaƙe-yaƙe da ba ku yi yaƙi ba tukuna. Wannan shine ainihin ƙimar ƙima.
