Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'kayayyakin da ƙarfe na foda ke yi', nan da nan sukan yi tunanin waɗancan ƙanana, ƙaƙƙarfan ginshiƙan ƙwanƙwasa ko ƙuƙumma masu shafan kai. Wannan ba laifi ba ne, amma yana da ɗan kama da kwatanta mota kawai ta hanyar tartsatsin wuta. Gaskiyar ta fi haka a cikin rayuwar masana'antu ta yau da kullun fiye da haka. Akwai rashin fahimta na gama gari, musamman daga waɗanda ke aiki da farko tare da narkakkar ƙarfe, kamar a cikin kafuwar mu, cewa sassan PM kawai mai rahusa ne, madadin ayyuka marasa ƙarfi. Bayan shafe shekaru da yawa a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) a kusa da harsashi mold da zuba jari simintin gyare-gyare, na kasance ina raba kadan daga cikin wannan son zuciya. Sai kawai ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar kai tsaye tare da masu samar da PM da ƙoƙarin musanya wasu abubuwan da na gane da gaske inda foda na ƙarfe ke haskakawa-kuma inda babu shakka.
Rubutun Kasuwancin: Inda PM Yayi Daidai
A QSY, duniyarmu karfe ce mai ruwa-zubawa, ƙarfafawa, injina. Don haka, lokacin da abokin ciniki don taron bawul ɗin ruwa ya nace akan yin amfani da ɓangarorin bawul ɗin da aka yi da PM maimakon sigar injin mu na CNC daga hannun mashaya, na yi shakka. Zane ya yi kira ga hadadden tsarin tashoshi na ciki wanda ya kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro ga na'ura. Mai samar da PM ya isar da wani ɓangaren siffa ta kusa. Yawan yawa da ƙarewar saman sune abubuwan damuwa nan da nan. Ya yi aiki, amma dole ne a rage ƙimar matsa lamba idan aka kwatanta da wanda aka yi daidai. Wannan cinikin-kasuwa don ɗan rangwame a cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin injiniya - shine lissafin yau da kullun a cikin wannan filin.
A nan ne ainihin yanke shawara ya faru. Ba game da wane tsari ne ya fi 'mafi kyau' a cikin sarari ba. Don babban injin turbine mai tsananin damuwa a cikin gami mai tushen nickel, simintin saka hannun jari shine sansanin mu. Amma ga babban girma, hadaddun cam mai siffa a cikin gawa mai ƙarfe, inda amfani da kayan aiki daga machining zai kasance ƙasa da kashi 40%, ƙarfe na foda ya fara rera waƙar siren sa. Hujjar sharar tattalin arziki da kayan abu tana da yawa, idan har an inganta ƙirar ƙira don haɓakawa da haɓakawa daga farkon.
Na tuna da gazawar ƙoƙarin yin amfani da sandar haɗin PM a cikin injin samfuri. Bayanan gajiya sun yi kyau a kan takarda, amma mun rasa ma'anar abubuwan anisotropic. Bangaren ya gaza tare da latsa jirgin sama a ƙarƙashin hawan keke, yanayin gazawar PM na yau da kullun wanda ɓangaren ƙirƙira ko simintin gyare-gyare ba zai nuna haka ba. Ya kasance darasi mai wuyar gaske cewa ba za ku iya ɗaukar zane kawai don wani ɓangaren da aka yi ba ku aika zuwa kantin PM. Dole ne zane ya yi magana da harshen tsarin.
Tattaunawar Material: Alloys and PM Advantage
Wannan yana haifar da kayan aiki. Aikin mu a QSY tare da gami na musamman kamar cobalt-tushen da kuma tushen nickel sau da yawa don matsananciyar yanayi - babban zafin jiki, lalata. Ƙarfe na foda yana da wasa na musamman a nan wanda yin simintin ba zai iya daidaitawa cikin sauƙi ba: karfe matrix composites kuma sifofi masu daraja. Na ga sassan PM inda sassan yumbu ke watse iri ɗaya a cikin matrix aluminum don juriya, wani abu da ba zai yuwu ba a cimma ba tare da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin simintin gyare-gyare ba.
Don kayan aikin ƙarfe mai sauri, PM shine sarki. Kyakkyawan tsarin carbide iri ɗaya da kuke samu daga atomizing da ƙarfafa foda yana haifar da kayan aiki wanda ke niƙa mafi kyau kuma yana sawa daidai fiye da takwaransa na simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada. Muna fitar da kayan aikin PM don cibiyoyin injin mu na CNC. Bambanci a cikin daidaito tsakanin batches yana da hankali sosai.
Duk da haka, akwai iyaka. Don manyan abubuwan da ke da mahimmancin tsari a cikin bakin karfe don aikace-aikacen ruwa, har yanzu muna karkata zuwa yin simintin. Ƙaƙƙarfan amincin ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau, yanayinsa na isotropic, da ikon samar da sassa masu nauyi har yanzu suna ba shi gaba. Sassan PM, fiye da ƙayyadaddun girman, suna gwagwarmaya tare da daidaituwar yawa. Yana da ƙuntatawa ta jiki na tsarin latsawa.
Rawar Dimensional: Haƙuri da Ayyukan Sakandare
Babban batu na jayayya, ko kuma wajen rashin fahimta, shine juriyar juzu'i. The 'kusa-net-siffa' alkawari na foda karfe gaskiya ne, amma 'kusa' ita ce kalmar aiki. Don fasalulluka daidai gwargwado ga alkiblar latsawa, kuna iya ɗaukar juriya mai ban sha'awa, wani lokacin tsakanin dubunnan inci. Amma a cikin hanyar dannawa, kuna ma'amala tare da m's springback da sintering shrinkage, wanda yana ƙara sauye-sauye.
Kusan kowane bangare na PM mai mahimmanci da muka yi magana da shi yana yin wasu ayyuka na sakandare. A nan ne kamfani kamar namu, mai zurfi Injin CNC gwaninta, sau da yawa yakan shigo cikin hoto. Kayan aikin da aka ƙera na iya buƙatar ƙwanƙwasa ko niƙa a jikin sa, ko kuma wani yanki na tsarin zai buƙaci na'ura mai mahimmancin fuska don tabbatar da hatimi. Haɗin kai a bayyane yake: PM yana ƙirƙira haɗaɗɗen lissafi da inganci, kuma ingantacciyar mashin ɗin yana ƙara mahimman taɓawa ta ƙarshe. musafaha ne tsakanin matakai, ba canji ba.
Na tuna ina duba rukunin PM flanges inda da'irar ramin ƙulli ya ɗan ɗanɗana elliptical bayan-sintering. Dalilin? Ƙirar da ba ta dace ba daga tsakiyar tsakiya cike da mutu. Dole mai siyar da PM ɗin ya ƙara matakin tsabar kuɗi don gyara shi. Irin wannan nau'in tsari ba a iya gani akan takardar bayanai amma shine gaskiyar masana'anta ta yau da kullun.
Kudin Ganuwa: Gaskiyar Tattalin Arziki
Kowa yayi magana game da tanadin kayan PM, wanda shine ainihin-ba ku juya kashi 60% na kayan ku zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba. Amma ainihin kudin labarin yana cikin kayan aiki da girma. Samfura don ƙaddamar da foda suna da tsada, rikitarwa, da taurare. Suna da ma'ana don aikin samarwa na guda 50,000, ba don 500 ba. Wannan shine cikakken kishiyar dabarun simintin yashi, inda tsarin katako yana da arha da sauri.
Akwai kuma boye kudin foda kanta. Babban inganci, foda na ƙarfe da aka riga aka yi masa ba shi da arha. Don daidaitaccen haɗin ƙarfe-ƙarfe-carbon, yana da gasa. Amma da zarar kun kuskura ku shiga cikin waɗancan foda na nickel ko kayan aiki na ƙarfe, farashin albarkatun ƙasa kowace kilogram na iya ba ku ɗan dakata. Kana biyan kuɗin tsarin atomization da sarrafa girman rabon barbashi. Tabbatarwa dole ne ya fito daga aiki da kuma kawar da matakan sarrafawa na ƙasa.
Mun yi jimlar ƙididdigar farashi don dangin ƙananan sassan lefa. A raka'a 5,000, CNC machining daga mashaya ya kasance mafi arha. A raka'a 50,000, PM ya kasance mai rahusa 30%. A raka'a 500,000, gibin ya fadada zuwa kusan 50%. Amma ana yin wannan ne kawai idan an haɗa ƙirar ɓangaren cikin latsa guda ɗaya. Ƙara fasalin mataki na biyu ta hanyar aiki na daban ya kashe gefen. Maƙasudin karya-ko da tattalin arziƙi shine maƙasudin motsi, mai matuƙar kulawa ga ƙira.
Neman Ketare Hanya: Casting vs. PM Ra'ayin
Daga wurin zama na a kamfanin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, tashin PM ya ba da koyarwa. Ya tilasta mana mu kasance masu kaifi game da ƙimar ƙimar mu. Ga sassan da ke da kogo na ciki-kamar mai ƙwanƙwasa mai lulluɓe da ruwa-zuba jari har yanzu ba za a iya doke shi ba. PM ba zai iya yin hakan ba. Ga sassan da ke buƙatar matuƙar yawa da rayuwar gajiyawa, kamar ƙwanƙwasa don injunan aiki mai girma, ƙirƙira har yanzu tana kan mulki, kodayake ƙirƙira PM yana shiga.
Amma don wannan babban tsaka-tsaki na tsarin, lalacewa, da abubuwan maganadisu - tunani tacewa, clutch hubs, guntu guntu na injuna - foda karafa sau da yawa mafi undisputed zabi. Babban tsari ne, nagartaccen tsari. Juyin halitta na fasaha kamar gyaran ƙarfe na ƙarfe (MIM) ya ƙara ɓatar da layin, yana ba da damar ƙayyadaddun sassa masu ban mamaki waɗanda PM na gargajiya ko ƙananan simintin gyare-gyare ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin tattalin arziki ba.
A ƙarshe, game da samun kayan aikin da ya dace don aikin. A Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., Ƙarfin mu shine a canza ƙarfe na ruwa zuwa daidaitattun abubuwa masu dogara. Ƙarfe na foda shine sararin samaniya mai kama da juna inda aka haɗa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayoyin ƙarfe zuwa sassa masu mahimmanci daidai. Injiniyoyi mafi wayo da na sani ba sa yin mubaya'a ga tsari guda. Suna fahimtar yaren dukansu - simintin gyare-gyare, injina, ƙirƙira, da foda karfe— kuma zaɓi yaren da ya fi ba da labarin samfuran su. Aiki na gaske yana faruwa a cikin fassarar.
