Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'simintin yashin ƙarfe', suna ɗaukar wani ɗanyen tsari, daɗaɗɗen tsari don yin sassan ƙarfe. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A gaskiya, na zamani baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare, musamman ma lokacin da muke magana game da babban ƙarfe mai launin toka ko kayan aikin ƙarfe na ductile, horo ne na fasaha sosai. Ba wai kawai game da zuba ƙarfe a cikin ƙera yashi ba; game da sarrafa yashi ne da kansa — abun da ke ciki, iyawar sa, iyawar sa na fitar da iskar gas—don hana ɗimbin lahani da za su iya kawar da wani tsari. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun gaza saboda an mayar da hankali kan narke baƙin ƙarfe ne kawai, yayin da tsarin yashi ya kasance bayan tunani. Yashi shine rabin yakin, watakila ƙari.
Tsarin Yashi: Ba Yashi Kawai
Mu shiga ciki. Kalmar yashi yaudara ce. A cikin samar da saitin samar, yana da daidaiton daidaitacce cakuda yashi silica, yumbu bentonite, ruwa, da sau da yawa ƙurar kwal (seacoal) ko wasu abubuwan ƙari. Rabo shine komai. Laka mai yawa, kuma ƙirar ta zama mai wuyar gaske, yana hana tserewar iskar gas daidai lokacin zubarwa. Za ku sami bugu da ramuka. Kadan sosai, kuma fuskar ƙirar zata iya rugujewa ko ɓata, wanda ke haifar da haɗawa da ƙarewar ƙasa. Na tuna wani aiki don jikin bawul ɗin ruwa inda muke ci gaba da samun bugun ƙasa. Mun kori matsalar ta sashen narkewa na tsawon makonni kafin daga bisani mu fahimci sabon rukunin mu na bentonite yana da ƙarfin musayar ion daban-daban. Yashi ba ya kasance iri ɗaya. Canji mai hankali, babbar matsala.
Sannan akwai kwanciyar hankali na yashi. Lokacin da ƙarfen 1300°C+ ya taɓa bangon ƙira, yashi yana buƙatar jure zafin zafin jiki ba tare da haɗawa da simintin gyare-gyare ba. Don wasu hadaddun geometries masu kauri mai kauri, wani lokaci muna amfani da yashi chromite ko yashi zircon a wurare masu mahimmanci na mold. Ya fi tsada, amma yana hana ƙonawa da lahani waɗanda ke da mafarki mai ban tsoro don tsabtace injin. Lissafin fa'ida ne mai tsada da kuke yi dangane da aikin sashin da kuma juriyar abokin ciniki don sake yin aiki.
Mulling da aeration matakai ne waɗanda ba su samun isasshen tattaunawa a wajen ginin tushe. Yashi na bukatar a gauraya shi sosai don a lullube kowace hatsi da abin daure, sannan a bukace ta da iska don ya wargaza ƙullun da kuma cimma daidaito iri ɗaya. Yashi mara kyau yana haifar da taurin ƙima. Kuna iya samun kyakkyawan tsari, amma idan yashi bai yi daidai da shi ba, daidaiton girman ku yana fita ta taga. Ƙwarewa ce mai ban sha'awa-ma'aikacin muller na soja zai iya faɗi da yawa ta hanyar jin yashi.
Ƙirƙirar Ƙa'idar: Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarfe a Itace da Ƙarfe
Samfurin shine sifar jiki na sashin, da duk ilimin mai tushe. Kuskuren daftarin aiki, izinin raguwa, radiyoyin fillet, ƙirar bugu na asali-duk an gina su a ciki. Domin baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare Gudu, yawanci muna amfani da ƙirar ƙarfe (aluminum ko baƙin ƙarfe) don dorewa. Amma falsafar zane shine mabuɗin. Kuskuren gama gari shine tsara tsari azaman kwafin ƙirar CAD kai tsaye. Iron yana raguwa, mahimmanci. Don baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, kuna kallon kusan raguwar kashi 1%. Don haka dole ne tsarin ku ya yi girma sosai. Kuma ba layi ba ne; daban-daban kauri sashe sanyi a daban-daban rates, wanda zai iya haifar da murdiya. Mu sau da yawa muna amfani da ƙa'idodin raguwa har ma mu canza tsarin bisa sakamakon labarin farko.
An ƙera tsarin ƙorafi da haɓakawa daidai akan farantin ƙirar. Wannan shi ne inda fasaha ta hadu da kimiyya. Manufar ita ce a sami ƙarfe mai tsabta, marar tashin hankali don cike ramin cikin sauri, sannan a ciyar da raguwa yayin da simintin gyaran kafa ya karu. Sanya masu tashi (masu ciyar da abinci) daidai kuskure babban kuskure ne. Suna buƙatar kasancewa a kan sassan mafi nauyi, na ƙarshe don ƙarfafawa. Na sami lokuta inda wani yanki mai kyawu ya lalace ta hanyar raguwa a cikin babban shugaba saboda mai tashi ya yi nisan santimita kaɗan daga mafi kyawun matsayinsa. Software na kwaikwaiyo yana taimakawa yanzu, amma babu wani madadin yanke wasu ƴan simintin gyare-gyaren samfuri da ganin tsarin ƙarfafawa da idanunku.
Kulawa da tsari koyaushe ne. Sand yana da lalata. A tsawon lokaci, tsarin yana sawa, kuma girman girman ya shuɗe. Jadawalin yau da kullun don duba ma'auni a kan maigida ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Yana da aiki mai ban sha'awa, na rigakafi wanda ke ceton ciwon kai marar iyaka a kan layi.
Zuba: Inda Control ya hadu da hargitsi
Zuba baƙin ƙarfe yana da kamanni mai sauƙi. Ba haka ba. Yanayin zafi yana da mahimmanci. Yayi zafi sosai, kuma kuna ƙara haɗarin ƙonewar yashi da raguwa mai yawa. Yayi sanyi sosai, kuma kuna samun ɓarna, sanyin rufewa, ko rashin ruwa mara kyau wanda ya kasa cika sassan bakin ciki. Don yawancin aikace-aikacen ƙarfe mai launin toka, muna nufin kewayon zuƙowa tsakanin 1350 ° C da 1400 ° C, amma wannan yana samun tweaked dangane da kauri da sashi. Kuna koyon yin hukunci akan ruwan rafi da launi na karfe, amma thermocouples shine babban abokin ku.
Zuba abubuwan gudu. Yayi sauri sosai, kuma kuna haɗarin yashwar ƙura da hargitsi waɗanda ke kama iska da slag. Jinkirin ya yi yawa, kuma ƙarfe ya fara daskarewa kafin ƙirar ta cika. Ana zubawa a tsaye, a ci gaba da zuba har sai ka ga karfe ya tashi a cikin masu tashi. Dole ne a zubar da slag a hankali a cikin ladle kafin da lokacin zuba. Duk wani slag da ya shiga cikin ƙirar zai zama haɗawa. Yana da mahimmanci, fasaha na hannu wanda babu wata na'ura da zata iya kwafi kwafi tukuna.
Halin da ake ciki a wurin da ake zubarwa yana da tashin hankali, kowane lokaci. Kuna sarrafa zafi, narkakkar karfe, da agogo. Karfe yana sanyaya daga lokacin da ya bar tanderun. Akwai kunkuntar taga don daidaita shi. Tsaro shine mafi mahimmanci, amma haka ma hankali. Hankali na ɗan lokaci na iya haifar da mummunan zube ko mafi muni.
Shakeout, Tsaftacewa, da Gaskiyar Ƙarshe
Bayan sanyaya, simintin yana zuwa girgiza. An kashe yashi da ƙarfi, kuma simintin ya fito, yana zafi kuma an rufe shi da ɓawon yashi mai ƙonewa. Wannan shine farkon ainihin kallon aikinku. Kuna neman lahani a bayyane: manyan walƙiya, manyan ɓarna, fashe-fashe. Ana cire ƙofofin da masu hawa, yawanci ta hanyar yanke tocila ko bandeji.
Sa'an nan kuma yana zuwa tsaftacewa, sau da yawa ɓangaren mafi yawan aiki. Wannan ya ƙunshi fashewar fashewar harbi don cire ragowar sikelin yashi, sa'an nan kuma niƙa ragowar ƙofofi da masu tashi, da kowane fins ko walƙiya. Wannan shine inda ingancin ƙirar ku da ainihin aikinku ya bayyana. Samfurin da aka yi da kyau tare da madaidaicin madaidaici zai rage niƙa da ake buƙata. Rashin aikin yi yana nufin sa'o'i na ƙarin aiki tare da injin niƙa, ƙara farashi da haɗarin lalacewa ga simintin kanta idan injin niƙa ya zame. Don kamfanonin da ke ba da mafita na cikakken sabis, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), wannan haɗin gwiwar tsarin simintin gyare-gyare yana da mahimmanci. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, sun fahimci cewa simintin ba ya ƙare lokacin da ya bar yashi; yana gamawa lokacin da aka shirya don layin taron abokin ciniki. Iyawarsu ta bi baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare tare da madaidaicin CNC machining a cikin gida yana da fa'ida mai mahimmanci, tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da ƙima mai mahimmanci da kuma ceton abokin ciniki daga daidaitawa da yawa dillalai.
Dubawa yana faruwa a wannan matakin. Gwaje-gwaje masu girma, duban gani don lahani na sama, da sau da yawa gwaje-gwaje marasa lalacewa kamar mai shiga rini ko gwajin ultrasonic don sassa masu mahimmanci. Lokaci ne mai tada hankali. Wani lokaci, simintin gyare-gyaren da ya yi kama da cikakke bayan shakeout yana nuna raguwar porosity ko hada yashi bayan fashewar fashewar. Dole ne ku yanke shawara: za a iya gyara ta ta hanyar walda (kuma abokin ciniki zai yarda da shi?), Ko kuwa guntu ne? Adadin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine matsa lamba akai-akai.
Abubuwan Nuances: Ba Duk Ƙarfe Aka Ƙirƙirar Daidai Ba
Lokacin da muka ƙayyade baƙin ƙarfe, dangi ne babba. Don yin simintin yashi, baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka (Flake Graphite Iron) shine ya fi kowa yawa, mai daraja saboda iyawar sa na damping, injina, da kuma ruwa mai kyau. Amma baƙin ƙarfe ductile (Nodular Graphite Iron) yana ƙara ƙayyadaddun ɓangarorin da ke buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Bambanci shine a cikin maganin narkewa - ƙara magnesium ko cerium don spheroidize graphite. Wannan magani aiki ne mai laushi; Fade lokaci ne factor, kuma dole ne a yi kafin zuba. Yi kuskure, kuma kuna samun graphite mara kyau, yana kashe kayan aikin injiniya.
Gilashin ƙarfe suna ƙara wani Layer. Ƙara chromium don juriya na lalacewa, nickel don juriya na lalata, ko molybdenum don ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai zafi yana canza komai - al'adar narkewa, halayen raguwa, machinability. Anan ne ake gwada ƙwarewar ƙarfe na kafuwar. Shago kamar QSY, wanda ke lissafin gwaninta tare da gami na musamman da suka haɗa da gawa na tushen nickel da na tushen cobalt, zai kusanci ƙarfe mai ƙarfi tare da tsayayyen tsarin sarrafa tunani. Ka'idodin baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare zauna, amma masu canji suna ninka.
Zaɓin nau'in ƙarfe yana tasiri kai tsaye ƙirar simintin gyare-gyaren kanta. Wani ɓangaren da aka ƙera don baƙin ƙarfe ductile na iya buƙatar tashi daban-daban fiye da sashe ɗaya a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka saboda halaye masu ƙarfi daban-daban. Wannan batu ne na gazawa a cikin sadarwa tsakanin masu zanen kaya da masu tushe. Tsammanin ƙarfe ƙarfe ne yana kaiwa ga rashin ciyar da simintin gyare-gyare da gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin sabis.
Ƙarshe Tunani: Tsarin Haɗin Kai
Don haka, baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyare-gyare yayi nisa da fasaha na farko. Yana da jerin hanyoyin haɗin kai: shirye-shiryen yashi, injiniyan ƙirar ƙira, ƙira mai mahimmanci, sarrafa narkewa, zubarwa, da ƙarewa. Rashin rauni a kowace hanyar haɗi yana karya sarkar. Halin da ake ciki yanzu yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mai ƙarfi, inda tushen ke da hannu a farkon lokacin ƙira don ba da shawara kan ƙirƙira, kuma inda ake ɗaukar matakan simintin gyare-gyare kamar mashin ɗin wani ɓangare na ci gaba da gudanawar aiki. Yana da game da isar da wani sashi mai aiki, ba kawai simintin gyare-gyare ba.
Haqiqa fasaha ta ta'allaka ne wajen daidaita duk waɗannan masu canjin tattalin arziki. Al'ada ce da aka gina akan tarawa, wani lokaci mai raɗaɗi, gogewa. Kuna koyo daga kowane nau'in da aka zubar, daga kowane bincike na lahani. Manufar ita ce daidaito - samar da simintin ɗari tare da inganci iri ɗaya da na farko. Wannan shine ainihin ƙalubalen sana'ar, kuma shine abin da ya raba wurin samun aiki daga amintaccen abokin haɗin gwiwar masana'anta don ainihin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
