Idan ka tambayi yawancin mutane, har ma da wasu injiniyoyi ba su zuwa makaranta, menene bututun ƙarfe, za su kwatanta bututu mai sauƙi. Wani rami mai saurin ruwa. Wannan shine babban kuskure. A cikin duniyarmu-madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare da machining - bututun ƙarfe shine keɓancewar aiki. A nan ne ake fassara makamashin tsarin zuwa aikin sarrafawa: fesa, sanyaya, yanke, allura. Samo kwandon sa na ciki, ƙarewar samansa, ko kayan da ba daidai ba ta ƴan microns, kuma gabaɗayan ingantaccen aikin ku na iya raguwa da kashi biyu na lambobi. Na ga abin yana faruwa sau da yawa, inda aikin ke yin tuntuɓe ba akan babban mai kunnawa ko famfo ba, amma akan wannan abin da ake ganin ƙarami ne.
Iblis's a cikin Geometry: Fiye da Bayanan Bayani kawai
Ɗauki bututun mai don injin dizal. Samfurin CAD yana kallon kai tsaye, amma ainihin ƙalubalen shine sauyi daga jakar zuwa ga bango. Wannan ba kawai kaifi ba ne; yana buƙatar ƙayyadadden zagaye na hydrodynamic, wanda aka samu ta daidaitaccen mashin ɗin da ke gudana. Mun taɓa yin aiki a kan batch don abokin ciniki, muna yin su daga bakin karfe da aka riga aka yi. Abubuwan da aka buga sun yi kira don ƙarewar saman Ra 0.2μm. Mun buge shi akan CMM, amma benci na gwajin kwarara ya nuna alamun feshin da bai dace ba. Batun? Yayin da Ra ke lafiya, mun yi watsi da shi bututun ƙarfe madaidaicin kusurwar jagora. Ƙananan bambance-bambance daga ɗayan bangon waya zuwa wani, watakila 0.5 digiri a kashe, ya sa man ya zama takarda maimakon atomize. CMM ba ta iya kama wannan dabarar ba - ya ɗauki saitin kwatancen gani mai kwazo da gwaji mai yawa akan benci.
Wannan shine inda shekaru 30 na baya a wani wuri kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) ya shigo cikin wasa. Kuna haɓaka jin daɗin abin da haƙuri ya kasance kayan kwalliya akan zane kuma waɗanda suke aiki da gaske. Domin bututun ƙarfe aiki, musamman a cikin simintin saka hannun jari, simintin simintin gyare-gyare na hanyar ciki yana da mahimmanci. Kuna gama shi da CNC m, ko EDM, ko honing? Zaɓin ya dogara da halayen gami. Tare da allunan tushen nickel, waɗanda muke ɗauka akai-akai, suna aiki da ƙarfi kamar mahaukaci. Daidaitaccen kayan aikin carbide na iya ɗaukar sassa biyu kafin tip ɗin ya lalace, yana shafar daidaiton diamita. Sau da yawa muna canzawa zuwa hankali, tsarin EDM mai sarrafawa don ƙaddamarwa na ƙarshe don kauce wa haifar da damuwa da canza kayan kayan abu a saman Layer.
Zaɓin kayan abu wani rami ne na zomo. Tsohuwar sau da yawa shine bakin karfe 316. Amma ga aikace-aikacen zafin jiki kamar a cikin injin turbine combustor, wannan shine girke-girke na zaizayar sauri. Mun ƙaura zuwa galoli na tushen cobalt kamar Stelite 6 don irin waɗannan sassa. Kama? Machining shi. Ƙarƙashin sa da taurin sa yana nufin lalacewa kayan aiki yana da ma'ana. Ba za ku iya kawai gudanar da daidaitaccen shirin CNC ba; kuna buƙatar daidaita ciyarwa, saurin gudu, da amfani da kayan shafa na musamman. Wani lokaci, yana da ƙarin tattalin arziki don samun siffar kusa da yuwuwar ta hanyar saka hannun jari a wurin aikinsu-tsarin gyare-gyaren harsashi yana da kyau ga hadaddun geometries na ciki-sa'an nan kawai injin mahimman fuskokin rufewa da orifice kanta.
Daga Buga zuwa Sashe: Nuances na Machining
CNC machining a bututun ƙarfe ba kamar niƙa sashi ba. Mahimmanci shine ƙaddamarwa da amincin abubuwan ciki. Mun taɓa samun aiki don saitin nozzles na feshi da ake amfani da su wajen gogewar sinadarai. Kayan ya kasance duplex bakin karfe. Matsalar ta samo asali ne a lokacin hako rami mai zurfi don tashar shiga. Ko da matsi mai tsananin ƙarfi, ƙaurawar guntu ba ta da kyau, wanda ya kai ga zura kwallo a bango. Wannan ci ya haifar da tashin hankali wanda daga baya ya haifar da cavitation da gazawar da ba a kai ba a filin wasa. Maganin ba inji mai faci ba ne, amma nau'in juzu'i daban-daban da kuma zagayowar zagayowar da kamar ba ta da inganci akan takarda amma ta ceci dukan bacin daga tarkace.
Daidaitawa shine 80% na yakin. Ta yaya za ku riƙe ƙarami, sau da yawa mara sifar bututun ƙarfe ba tare da gurbata shi ba? Don madaidaicin madaidaiciyar orifices, ko da ƴan Newtons na ƙarfi na iya haifar da ɓangaren. Mun matsa zuwa yin amfani da muƙamuƙi masu laushi na yumbu na al'ada da bincike kan aiki don taswirar datum kafin yanke ƙarshen ƙarshe. Yana ƙara lokaci, amma ita ce kawai hanyar da za a tabbatar da cewa gabaɗaya ta kasance daidai da fuskar wurin zama. Na tuna wani aiki daki-daki akan portal ɗin su a tsingtaocnc.com, Inda suka nuna saitin axis da yawa don sarrafa atomizers na man fetur. Makullin ɗaukar hoto ba inji kanta ba, amma jerin ayyuka: roughing na waje, sa'an nan kuma rage damuwa-bangaren, sa'an nan kuma ƙare na ciki, kuma a karshe yanke zaren waje. Wannan matsakaicin sassaucin damuwa mataki ne da shaguna da yawa ke tsallakewa don adana farashi, amma yana da mahimmanci don kwanciyar hankali.
Deburring shine kisa shiru. Bayan hakowa ko EDMing wani bango, za ku sami burar microscopic a gefen fita. Idan ba a cire shi ba - kuma ina nufin an cire shi gaba daya - yana cirewa yana aiki, ya zama FOD (Lalacewar Abun Waje). Abrasive flow machining (AFM) yana da kyau ga wannan, amma yana buƙatar daidaita yanayin danko da matsa lamba ga kowane girman bututun ƙarfe. Don ƙananan kofuna ƙarƙashin 0.3mm, kafofin watsa labarai na AFM na iya toshewa. Mun koma yin amfani da electrochemical deburring ga wadanda, wanda shi ne gaba daya sauran sauran tsari kalubalanci. Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan bayanai ne marasa kyan gani waɗanda ke raba ɓangaren da ke aiki da wanda ke dawwama.
Hanyoyin Kasawa da Abin da suke Koyar da ku
Mafi kyawun lokutan koyarwa suna zuwa daga gazawa. A farkon lokacina, mun samar da bututun ƙarfe na jan karfe don yankan jet na ruwa. Abokin ciniki ya ba da rahoton lalacewa cikin sauri, yana faɗaɗa diamita a cikin sa'o'i 50. Mun duba injin ɗin mu: duk don ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Binciken gazawar ya nuna zaizayar-lalata. Tagulla mai tsabta ya yi laushi sosai. Mun canza zuwa garin jan karfe na beryllium kuma mun ƙara maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Rayuwar lalacewa ta ƙaru sau goma. Darasi? Abubuwan da ke kan zane shine wurin farawa. Fahimtar ainihin yanayin sabis - ruwa, matsa lamba, gurɓatawa, mitar zagayowar - wajibi ne. Wannan ya yi daidai da tsarin QSY na bayar da kewayon daga simintin ƙarfe zuwa gami na musamman; kuna buƙatar wannan faɗin don dacewa da kayan zuwa ainihin aikin, ba kawai ƙayyadaddu na farko ba.
Wani babban gazawa shine gajiyawar thermal. Ana gani a cikin nozzles gyare-gyaren allura. Ana yin hawan keke daga zafin dakin zuwa 300 ° C akai-akai. Ƙarfe mai taurin kayan aiki na iya samun juriya mai girma amma rashin juriyar girgiza zafi. Mun matsa zuwa yin amfani da H13 karfe, taurare da kuma fushi, amma tare da mayar da hankali a kan cimma wani sosai uniform microstructure ta sarrafa zafi magani. Ko da a lokacin, ƙira na hita band tsagi al'amura - kaifi sasanninta zama tsage wuraren qaddamarwa. Wani lokaci, dole ne ku yi jayayya tare da mai zane don ba da izinin radius fillet mafi girma, yin hadaya da ɗanɗanar dumama don samun riba mai yawa a rayuwar sabis.
Lalata yana da wayo, musamman a cikin bakin karfe. Passivation ya kamata ya kare shi, amma idan aikin injin ko walda ya gabatar da barbashi na baƙin ƙarfe ko kuma ya haifar da wurare masu zafi, za ku ƙirƙiri ƙwayoyin galvanic na gida. Na ga bakin karfe 304 da aka ƙera da kyau bututun ƙarfe don layin sarrafa abinci ya gaza saboda lalatawar rami saboda shagon ya yi amfani da goshin waya na karfe don tsaftacewa. Yanzu, muna tilasta rarrabuwar kawuna na kayan aiki da wucewar aiki bayan aiwatarwa a cikin nitric acid don duk sassa mara ƙarfi, babu keɓantacce. Mataki ne da ba za a iya sasantawa ba, kamar ingantattun ka'idoji da kuke tsammanin daga ƙwararren da ya daɗe.
Gidauniyar Casting: Samun Siffar Daidai Farko
Don hadaddun nozzles tare da tashoshi masu sanyaya na ciki ko ƙirar tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa, yin ƙera daga madaidaicin sanduna yana ɓarna kuma wani lokacin ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan shine inda saka jari ke haskawa. Ikon samar da ainihin nassi na ciki azaman jigon yumbu a cikin ƙirar harsashi shine mai canza wasa. A QSY, tare da mayar da hankalinsu kan harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, wannan babban ƙwarewa ne. Dabarar ita ce jigon. Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, ƙimar faɗaɗawar zafinsa dangane da ƙarfen da ake zubawa, da kuma yadda ake cire shi da tsabta daga baya.
Muna da aikin don jagorar bututun bututun mai (wani nau'in bututun ƙarfe, gaske) a cikin Inconel 718. Nassosin sanyaya na ciki sune maciji. Machining? Babu dama. Dole ne a jefa shi. Kalubalen shine babban canji a lokacin zubarwa. Ko da ɗan rashin daidaituwa zai sa wasu ganuwar sanyaya su yi sirara, wanda zai kai ga konewa a gwaji. Maganin ya ƙunshi ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa a cikin taron kakin zuma da simintin gyare-gyare don sanya wuraren sanyi da dabara. Cakuda ce ta fasahar samar da tsohuwar makaranta da software na kwaikwayo na zamani. Abin da ake ɗauka shine don aikace-aikacen bututun bututun ƙarfe, tsarin ƙirar yana farawa ba a injin CNC ba, amma a cikin shagon ƙirar ƙira.
Ƙarshen saman daga jefawa wani abin la'akari ne. Wurin simintin simintin gyare-gyare a cikin nassi yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙazanta wanda zai iya zama da amfani don canja wurin zafi a aikace-aikacen sanyaya amma yana da lahani ga ingancin kwarara a cikin allurar mai. Wani lokaci, kuna ƙididdige simintin simintin gyare-gyare na ciki kuma kawai na'ura mai mahimmanci. Wannan yana buƙatar iko mai ban mamaki akan tsarin simintin don tabbatar da ainihin farfajiyar ta kasance santsi da kwanciyar hankali. Yana da tsada tare da cinikin aiki wanda muke kewaya akai-akai tare da abokan ciniki. Manufar koyaushe shine ƙara machining kawai inda ya ƙara ƙima.
Convergence: Inda Kwarewa Ka'idar Trumps
A ƙarshe, samar da bututun ƙarfe abin dogaro ba game da bin littafin karatu ko tsari guda ɗaya cikakke ba. Yana da game da fahimtar sarkar abin dogaro: darajar kayan abu yana shafar iyawa, wanda ke shafar injina, wanda ke shafar aikin ƙarshe. Ƙananan canji a cikin pH na ruwa na iya tilasta canjin abu daga 316L zuwa babban bakin karfe mai duplex, wanda hakan zai tilasta ku sake kimanta kowane sigina da kayan aiki a cikin shirin ku na CNC.
Haqiqa darajar abokin tarayya kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ba wai kawai suna da simintin gyare-gyare da machining a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya ba. Wataƙila dogon tarihinsu yana nufin sun ga waɗannan matsalolin haɗin gwiwa a baya. Wataƙila sun gudanar da aiki inda ɗan ƙaramin tweak ga tsarin gating a cikin ƙirar harsashi ya warware matsalar porosity wanda zai lalata ƙarshen a kan mahimmanci. bututun ƙarfe zama daga baya a machining. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cibiyar shine abin da kuke biyan kuɗi.
Don haka, lokaci na gaba da kuka kalli zanen bututun ƙarfe, kar kawai ku ga rami mai ban sha'awa. Dubi duk tafiya daga narkakken ƙarfe zuwa ingantaccen rahoton gwajin kwarara. Kowane yanke shawara tare da wannan hanyar-gawa, hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, jerin injina, dabarar gamawa-yana barin sawun yatsa akan aikin ɓangaren. Kuma samun shi daidai yana buƙatar tunani wanda ke mutunta bututun ƙarfe ba a matsayin sassauƙan sassa ba, amma a matsayin ingantacciyar ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa inda kimiyyar lissafi ta haɗu da aiki. A nan ne ainihin aikin yake.
