Lokacin da kuka ji 'Fararen ƙarfe' foda', lambar farko da ke fitowa cikin mafi yawan tunani ita ce ƙimar albarkatun ƙasa a kowace kilo. A nan ne matsala takan fara farawa. A zahiri, farashin foda shine kawai tikitin zuwa wasan. Haqiqa farashin shine tarin yanke shawara, sasantawa, da kuma wasu lokuta, abubuwan ban mamaki marasa daɗi waɗanda ke bayyana yayin samarwa. Ba wai kawai game da siyan foda na karfe ba; game da duk abin da ya faru bayan ka bude jakar.
Matukar Farashin Raka'a
Na zauna a cikin tarurrukan da aka yi bikin sayayya don samun rangwamen kashi 5% akan hada-hadar ƙarfe-jan ƙarfe-carbon pre-mix. Yayi kyau akan takarda. Amma sai aka fara samarwa. Ƙunƙarar ta ɗan kashewa, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kogon mutuwa don hadadden kayan aiki. Ba zato ba tsammani, kuna ma'amala da karuwar kashi 2% na bambancin nauyin sashi, wanda ke nufin injinan sakandare yanzu dole ne ya sami ƙarin haja. Wannan ceton yana ƙafewa kafin farkon koren ɓangaren ya zama ko da ya ruɗe. Darasi? Mafi arha foda zai iya zama abu mafi tsada a ƙasa idan halayensa-yawan famfo, girman rabo-ba su dace da takamaiman saitin latsawa da sintering ba.
Wannan shine inda haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da masu samar da abin dogaro ya fi dacewa fiye da cinikin kasuwa. Daidaituwa a cikin ilimin halittar foda shine ɓoyayyiyar ceton farashi. Bambancin tsari-zuwa-tsari da ba za ku iya gani ba na iya jefar da duk ƙaƙƙarfan rhythm ɗin ku, yana haifar da lalacewa mafi girma ko, mafi muni, lamination yana haifar da bayan-sintering. Ba kawai kuna siyan kaya ba; kana sayen tsinkaya.
Kuma bari mu yi magana gami. Motsawa daga daidaitaccen Fe-Cu-C zuwa foda-alloyed foda don ƙarfin ƙarfi? Tsalle farashi yana da mahimmanci, amma hujja sau da yawa ya kasa yin la'akari da tasirin ƙasa. Wani lokaci, cewa premium foda sinters a ƙananan zafin jiki ko tare da guntu sake zagayowar, yiwuwar ceton lokacin tanderu da makamashi. Matsakaicin farashi ya zama cikakke. A foda karfe kudin samfurin wanda kawai ke kallon P.O. abun layi ya karye da gaske.
Kayan aiki: The Silent Budget Killer
Kayan aiki shine zuciyar PM, kuma farashin sa babban ƙanƙara ne. Daftarin CAD na farko da Waya-EDM shine kawai tip. Inda kuka zubar da kuɗi yana cikin kulawa, saiti, da gazawar da ba a kai ba. Ina tunawa da wani aiki don ɓangaren abin ɗaukar girgiza-bangare mai matakai da yawa tare da bakin bakin ciki. Tsarin kayan aiki ya dubi cikakke a cikin kwaikwayo. A aikace, ƙananan naushi, wanda ke da alhakin samar da wannan flange, ya fara nuna ƙananan karaya bayan hawan 30,000. Ba cikakken gazawa ba, amma isa ya haifar da ɗan walƙiya wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin matakin yanke hukunci. The per-partage foda karfe kudin a hankali ya fashe da kashi 12% saboda wannan aiki na sakandare mara shiri da kuma neman gyara kayan aiki.
Kayan kayan aiki da kansa shine direban farashi mai mahimmanci. Yin amfani da daidaitattun kayan aiki na ƙarfe don babban ƙarfin gudu na sassa na bakin karfe? Wannan hanya ce mai sauri zuwa canje-canje na kayan aiki akai-akai. Haɓaka zuwa ƙirar carbide mai ƙima ko mai rufin kayan aiki na iya ninka farashin kayan aikin farko, amma yana iya ninka rayuwar kayan aikin. Lissafin ba kai tsaye ba ne. Kuna buƙatar hasashen girman samarwa da kuka dogara da gaske. Don gajerun gudu, kayan aikin kayan aiki mai ƙima bazai taɓa biyan kansa ba. Kiran hukunci ne bisa gogewa, sau da yawa ana yin shi da bayanan da basu cika ba.
Sa'an nan kuma akwai saitin da canji na lokaci. Don shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da zurfin tushen ciki zuba jari kuma Injin CNC, Tunanin ya bambanta. A cikin machining, kuna saita toshe kuma hanyoyin kayan aiki suna gudana. A cikin PM, sauya sashi sau da yawa yana nufin cikakken saitin canji na mutuwa-daidaita naushi na sama, sandunan asali, da ƙananan naushi tare da daidaitaccen matakin ƙananan ƙananan. Wannan shine awanni 4-8 na lokacin latsawa. Idan kuna gudanar da ƙananan batches, farashin wannan lokacin mara amfani zai iya rage farashin kayan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa manyan ayyuka, ƙananan ayyuka na PM suna da wuyar farashi ga farashi; Abubuwan da aka ɓoye na sassauci suna da yawa.
Sintering: Inda Makamashi da Yanayi ke Amfani da Margins
Sintering mataki ne na sihiri, amma tanderun dabba ce mai yunwa. A bayyane farashin iskar gas ko wutar lantarki. Mafi ƙarancin bayyane, kuma sau da yawa mafi ƙasƙanci, farashi shine yanayi. Yin amfani da yanayin ammonia (DA) da aka raba tare da haɗin nitrogen-hydrogen ba zaɓi ne kawai na fasaha ba; na tattalin arziki ne. Farashin ammonia yana canzawa da kasuwar duniya. Lamarin yanki na iya haɓaka farashin yanayin ku da kashi 30 cikin kwata, ba tare da faɗakarwa ba.
Na ga yunƙurin rage farashi ta hanyar tsawaita hawan keke ko rage yanayin zafi don adana kuzari. Kusan koyaushe yana komawa baya. Kuna ƙarewa da sassan da ba su kai cikakken yawa ko ƙarfi ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙima da ƙima a cikin maganin zafi na gaba ko injina. Ko mafi muni, sassan sun wuce QC na farko amma sun kasa yin gwajin filin saboda gajiya. Ajiye ya juya ya zama bala'i na suna da na kuɗi. A sintering girke-girke alkawari ne; karkata daga gare ta don ajiye pennies hadarin daloli.
Gyaran murhu wani akwatin baki ne. Ƙunƙarar tsummoki ko kuskuren thermocouple baya dakatar da samarwa kawai. Zai iya haifar da yanayi mai ƙyalƙyali a cikin tanderun, yana lalata sassan sassan gaba ɗaya. Wannan ba kawai asarar da foda karfe abu da aiki; kudin daman na bata bayarwa ne. Jadawalin kulawa da aiki ba tsadar kasuwanci ba ne, amma galibi ana matse su ne lokacin da gudanarwa ke neman inganci.
Abubuwan Bayan: Ayyukan Sakandare da Daidaitan QSY
Da wuya wani ɓangaren PM ke fitowa daga bel ɗin da ke shirin jigilar kaya. Yawancin suna buƙatar ƙarin wani abu - ƙima, ƙididdigewa, cirewar mai, maganin zafi, ko injina. Wannan shi ne inda jimillar foda karfe kudin da gaske ya zo cikin mayar da hankali, kuma inda kwarewarmu a wasu matakai ke ba da kwatancen kwatance.
Ɗauki na'ura mai ɓarna wanda ke buƙatar hanyar maɓalli da aka watsar. Kun riga kun saka hannun jari a cikin foda, damfara, da ƙwanƙwasa. Yanzu kana sa shi a kan na'ura na CNC broaching. Kalubalen shine kayan da aka ƙera, ko da a manyan yawa, na iya zama abrasive. Suna taunawa ta hanyar yankan kayan aikin da sauri fiye da takwaransa na karfe. Kudin injin ɗin ku kowane sashi ya fi girma. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ne da muke amfani dashi QSY. Samun Injin CNC gwaninta a cikin gida yana ba da damar tsara tsarin tsarawa. Za mu iya daidaita ƙirar kayan aikin PM don barin ƙasa da haja don hanyar maɓalli, ko ƙila zayyana ɗan ƙaramin allo na daban wanda injina ya fi tsafta, yana inganta jimillar farashi a duk hanyoyin biyu.
Wannan shine fa'idar masana'anta hadedde a tsaye. Lokacin da kuke sarrafa duka abubuwan da aka yi (kamar harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa ko PM) da kuma gamawa (Injin CNC), za ku iya yin ciniki-offs. Watakila fasalin da ke da tsada sosai don latsawa kuma ana iya ƙara shi ta hanyar tattalin arziƙi ta hanyar saurin mashin ɗin bayan-sintering. Ko, kamar yadda muka gani da zuba jari na musamman gami, Wani lokacin canza tsarin gaba ɗaya don hadaddun, ɓangaren ƙananan ƙananan ya fi tasiri fiye da ƙoƙarin tilasta shi cikin mutuwar PM. The foda karfe kudin ba tsibiri ba; wani yanki ne na masana'antar tsibirai.
Juzu'i: Babban Mai Shari'a na Kudin
Duk abin da ke cikin PM yana komawa zuwa girma. Maɗaukakin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun farashin kayan aiki da saiti yana buƙatar ragewa. Wannan ita ce ka'ida ta asali. Sashin da ke biyan $10 a foda da latsawa a guda 100,000 na iya kashe $50 kowane yanki a gudu guda 5,000. Lissafin zalunci ne kuma ba na layi ba.
Na shiga cikin rashin nasarar neman mahalli na firikwensin. Sashin ya kasance mai kyau don PM-rikitaccen sifa, kyawawan kayan abu. Mun yi nakalto dangane da hasashen adadin shekara-shekara na 50k. Abokin ciniki yana son farashin. Sannan aikin nasu ya tsaya cak, kuma suka sanya odar farko akan 5k. Samfurin farashin mu ya ruguje. Dole ne mu ci kudin kayan aiki, kuma farashin kowane bangare bai dawwama. Mun koyi gina ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙararrawa cikin ƙididdiga da kuma yin gaskiya ga abokan ciniki game da tattalin arzikin sikelin. Wani lokaci, don samfuri ko ƙananan ƙaranci, ba da shawara ga abokin ciniki don amfani da a inji ko zuba jari hanya daga farko, koda kuwa farashin kowane bangare yana da alama ya fi girma, shine mafi gaskiya da kyakkyawan tsarin nasara.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke nazari foda karfe kudin, kar a kalli maƙunsar rubutu kawai. Ka yi la'akari da foda da ke gudana a cikin takalma, lalacewa a kan tungsten carbide punch, daidaitattun yanayin wutar lantarki, da kuma sautin injin CNC yana kammala datum surface. Kudin yana cikin duk waɗannan lokutan. Kudin tsari ne, ba tsadar kaya ba. Kuma samun shi daidai yana buƙatar rayuwa tare da tsarin, ta hanyar ɓarna da abubuwan mamaki, ba kawai ƙididdige shi daga nesa ba.
