Lokacin da kuka ji 'karfe karafa' foda, hoton nan da nan zai iya kasancewa na waɗannan cikakke, manyan kayan aikin kai tsaye daga takardar bayanan lab. Gaskiyar a kan bene na kanti sau da yawa ya fi muni, tare da cin kasuwa tsakanin waccan ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan tattalin arziki na samarwa. Ba wai kawai game da latsawa da sintering ba; game da sarrafa tsammanin-duk na kayan da na abokin ciniki.
Tazarar Tsakanin Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Takaddar da Gidan Shagon
Sau da yawa muna samun tambayoyi, wani lokacin ta hanyar abokan hulɗa kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), waɗanda ke da zurfin gogewa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da machining, suna tambayar idan wani ɓangaren da aka yi a halin yanzu ta hanyar saka hannun jari za a iya canzawa zuwa foda karfe don farashi ko aiki. Tambaya ta farko ita ce ba za mu iya ba? amma ya kamata mu? Don hadadden kayan aiki da ke buƙatar ƙarfin gajiya sosai, PM na iya yin nasara. Amma don gidaje mai sauƙi, kauri mai kauri, yin simintin gargajiya ko ma na'ura daga kayan mashaya sau da yawa yakan kasance mai rahusa, musamman a ƙananan kundin. Ƙaƙwalwar siffar kusa-net yana da ƙarfi, amma farashin kayan aiki don wannan hadadden kayan aikin mutuwa na iya zama mai kisan gilla.
Na tuna wani aiki don ɓangaren bawul ɗin ruwa. Zane ya ƙayyade adadin 7.4 g/cm3 don foda karfe karfe don tabbatar da zubar da ruwa. Mun cim ma ta ta hanyar latsawa sau biyu da ƙwanƙwasa, amma girman shafin yaƙi bayan-sintering ya kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro. Sashin ya yi kama sosai yana fitowa daga tanderun, amma ma'aunin CMM ya ba da labari daban. Mun shafe makonni muna yin tweaking ɗin da aka riga aka tsara, da gaske ana ginawa cikin karkatacciyar hanya, wanda ya ji gabaɗaya. Ya yi aiki, amma ya kara 15% zuwa lokacin ci gaba. Wannan shi ne ɓoyayyiyar kuɗi — maimaitawa.
Wannan shi ne inda samun abokin aikin injin ba zai yiwu ba. Ko da tare da mafi kyawun tsarin PM, sau da yawa kuna buƙatar wucewar mashin ɗin ƙarshe don haƙuri mai mahimmanci ko ƙarewar saman. Kamfanin kamar QSY, tare da su Injin CNC gwaninta, ya zama mahimmanci. Ba za ku iya kawai ba su wani yanki mai ruɗi ba kuma ku sa ran mu'ujizai; kayan aiki sun bambanta da karfe da aka yi. Ya fi abrasive kuma yana iya samun porosity. Mun koyi ƙayyadaddun ƙima da taurin kai akan zanen da muke aika wa mashin ɗin, ba kawai ƙimar alloy ba. Bayanin rubutu kamar yana ƙunshe da ragowar porosity, amfani da kayan aiki masu kaifi yana ceton kowa da ciwon kai.
Abubuwan Nuances Bayan Iron da Carbon
Tushen ƙarfe foda shine kawai zane. Sana'ar tana cikin abubuwan da ake ƙarawa - foda da aka riga aka yi amfani da su da mai. Yin amfani da foda mai haɗaɗɗiya kamar Distaloy, tare da nickel da jan ƙarfe da aka riga aka haɗa su a cikin barbashi na ƙarfe, yana ba da ƙarin kaddarorin kamanni da yawa bayan ɓacin rai idan aka kwatanta da haɗa foda na asali. Amma ya fi tsada. Don aikace-aikacen sawa mai girma, zamu iya tafiya tare da foda na ƙarfe wanda aka riga aka yi da shi wanda ke ɗauke da molybdenum, sannan ƙara jan karfe da graphite don ƙarfi. Halin da ake ciki ya zama mai mahimmanci-wani ɓarna ko fashewar ammonia don hana lalatawa. Yi kuskuren hakan, kuma ƙarfe mai taurin ku ba zai yi ƙarfi ba.
Akwai kuskuren gama gari cewa sassan PM sun fi rauni a zahiri. Ba gaskiya ba idan an yi daidai. Ta hanyar taurare matakai kamar carbonitriding, mun sami taurin saman 60 HRC akan foda karfe karfe abubuwan da aka gyara don watsa mota. Makullin shine samun isassun yawa da farko. Wani sashi a 6.8 g/cm3 zai sami porosity mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke jiƙa da iskar gas ɗin kuma yana haifar da zurfin yanayin rashin daidaituwa. Matsa shi zuwa 7.2 ko mafi girma, kuma yana nuna hali kamar wani abu mai ƙarfi yayin maganin zafi.
Labarin gazawa: mun taɓa ƙoƙarin yin ƙaramin lefa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da yanke. Zane ya yi kira da a samar da abin da aka yanke a lokacin latsawa don guje wa injiniyoyi na biyu. Da alama wayo. Amma a lokacin fitar da shi daga mutuwa, wannan yanki mai laushi, wanda aka haɗa amma ba tukuna ba (abin da muke kira ɓangaren kore), ya fashe kusan kowane lokaci. Mun gwada gaurayawan mai daban-daban a cikin cakuda foda don inganta kwararar ruwa da rage juzu'i, amma tsananin damuwa na inji ya yi yawa. Dole ne mu sake fasalin sashin, sauƙaƙe siffar da kuma karɓar aikin CNC daga baya don ƙirƙirar abin da aka yanke. Wani al'amari ne na al'ada na yin kiyasin abin da ƙarfin kore zai iya ɗauka. Darasi shine don tsara tsarin, ba tilasta tsarin ya dace da zane ba.
Lokacin da PM Ya Hadu da Wasu Tsarukan
Wannan sarari ne mai ban sha'awa. Kamfanoni kamar QSY kware a zuba jari kuma harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa. To yaushe PM ke takara, kuma yaushe ne ya dace? Don gami waɗanda ke da wahalar inji, kamar wasu superalloys na tushen nickel, PM da simintin saka hannun jari ne masu fafatawa. PM na iya bayar da mafi kyawun tsarin hatsi. Koyaya, don manyan sassa (tunanin sama da kilogiram 10), babban matsi ya zama mara amfani, kuma har yanzu simintin ya mamaye. Mun ga hanyoyin haɗaɗɗun hanyoyin inda ake rikiɗar sigar simintin PM ɗin sa'an nan kuma a haɗa zuwa simintin gyare-gyare ko na'ura ta hanyar brazing ko walda. Yana da alkuki, amma yana magance takamaiman matsaloli.
A shafin su, tsingtaocnc.com, QSY ya lissafa kayan kamar cobalt-based alloys da nickel. Waɗannan ƙwararrun ƴan takara ne na PM kuma, musamman ga sassan da ke buƙatar juriya na zafin jiki da sawa kaddarorin, kamar kujerun bawul ko ruwan injin turbine. Hanyar foda na iya rage sharar kayan abu don waɗannan gami masu tsada. Kalubalen shine raba su ba tare da gabatar da gurɓataccen abu ba; sau da yawa yana buƙatar manyan murhun wuta. Farashin wannan lokacin tanderun yana yin gasa cikin farashin ɓangaren. Don haka matrix yanke shawara koyaushe yana dawowa zuwa girma, rikitarwa, da farashin kayan.
Ina ganin ayyukan bayan-sintering suna da ban sha'awa. Bangaren da ba a gama ba. Yana iya buƙatar ma'auni (sake latsawa ta ƙarshe a cikin mutuwa), maganin tururi don oxide mai laushi da rufewa mai laushi, ko matakai daban-daban na plating ko sutura. Mun taɓa samun rukuni na sassa waɗanda suka wuce duk gwajin injina amma sun kasa gwajin feshin gishiri don juriyar lalata. Porosity, ko da ba a haɗa su ba, yana kama maganin plating, wanda daga baya ya fita kuma ya haifar da kumburi. Gyaran wani mataki ne na zubar da ruwa na guduro kafin sakawa-tsari mai sauƙi, mai rahusa wanda ba koyaushe yake kan daidaitaccen takaddar ba amma yana da matukar mahimmanci ga wasu aikace-aikace.
Haƙiƙanin Tattalin Arziƙi da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi
A karshen ranar, foda karfe karfe ba harsashin sihiri ba ne. Yana da tsari mai dadi sosai. Babban girma (don daidaita kayan aiki), matsakaici zuwa babban hadaddun (don yin amfani da fa'idar net-siffar), da kayan da ke amfana daga microstructure na PM. Yi la'akari da sprockets na injuna, kayan aikin wuta, ko abubuwan kullewa. Don samfura guda ɗaya ko ƙananan ƙira, galibi kuna mafi kyawun yin injina daga ƙwanƙwasa, koda kuwa almubazzaranci ne. Batun karya-ko da batu ne na muhawara akai-akai.
Inda yake haskakawa da gaske yana cikin haɗin kayan abu ba za ku iya samun sauƙin zuwa wani wuri ba. Yin wani bangare tare da tsarin gradient - ka ce, ɗaya ƙarshen mai arziki a cikin jan ƙarfe don ingantacciyar wutar lantarki da sauran ƙarshen daidaitaccen ƙarfe don ƙarfi - mai yiwuwa ne a cikin zagayowar latsa-sinter guda ɗaya tare da ƙirar mutuƙar wayo da kuma sanya foda. Mun yi gwaji tare da wani nau'in mai mai mai kai kamar wannan, ta amfani da tsarin ƙarfe mara ƙarfi wanda aka shigar da polymer. Ya yi aiki, amma sarrafa zurfin shigar a kai a kai ya kasance ƙalubalen da ba mu taɓa samun cikakkiyar warwarewa ba don samarwa da yawa.
Duban faffadan shimfidar wuri, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu samarwa PM da mashinan mashin daidaici shine abin da ke ba da ɓangaren aiki. A m kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. yana wakiltar ikon ƙasa wanda ke sa PM ya kasance mai amfani don aikace-aikacen daidaitattun ayyuka. Muna yin siffa mai kusa-net-net tare da kayan sarrafa kayan sarrafawa; suna kawo shi zuwa ga girmansa na ƙarshe da ƙaddarar samansa. Hannun hannu ne wanda ke buƙatar fahimtar juna-sanin cewa saman da aka ƙera ya bambanta, sanin inda yuwuwar rashin ƙarfi ya kasance, da daidaita ciyarwa, gudu, da hanyoyin kayan aiki daidai. Wannan tattaunawar, fiye da kowane yanki na kayan aiki, shine abin da ke juya foda na ƙarfe zuwa ɓangaren injin abin dogaro.
