Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'madaidaicin mashin ɗin', nan da nan suna tunanin juriyar juriya, ƙila ± 0.001 ko ƙasa da haka, da haske, ƙarewa mara aibi. Wannan sigar kasida ce. Gaskiyar, abin da ake yi na yau da kullum, shine bugun waɗannan lambobi shine rabin yakin - rabi mai sauƙi, a gaskiya. Babban ƙalubalen shine yin ɓangaren da ba wai kawai auna daidai akan CMM ba amma kuma yana aiki daidai a ƙarƙashin kaya, a zazzabi, ko bayan zagayowar dubu. Na ga zane-zane da yawa inda injiniyan ya ƙayyadaddun haƙuri wanda ya fi zama dole, yana fitar da farashi sama da 300% don samun riba mai ƙima kawai. Ba wai kawai game da iyawar injin ba; game da fahimtar abin da ainihin ɓangaren ke buƙatar yi. Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na sarrafa kayan daban-daban, tun daga simintin simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare zuwa gaɗaɗɗen maɗauran cobalt, suna samun riba. Za ku fara haɓaka jin abin da ƙarfe yake so ya yi, inda zai iya fitowa, ko yadda bangon bakin ciki zai iya yin magana komai cikakkiyar hanyar kayan aikin ku.
Gidauniyar: Yana farawa da Casting
Ba za ku iya yin mashin daidaici cikin mummunan simintin ba. Wannan shi ne karo na farko kuma mafi yawa. Na sami abokan ciniki sun aiko mana da bugu don haɗaɗɗiyar sassa, suna buƙatar daidaiton matakin micron akan kowane fasali, amma ɗanyen simintin gyare-gyaren da suke samarwa yana cike da tabo mai wuya, ƙanƙantar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara, ko kaurin bango mara daidaituwa. Yakin rashin nasara ne tun daga farko. Hanyarmu a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) an haɗa shi saboda muna sarrafa ƙarshen gaba. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a duka simintin gyare-gyare da machining, muna ganin dukan tsari. Misali, lokacin da muka yi harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa ko zuba jari a cikin gida, mun riga mun shirya kayan aikin injin. Za mu iya ƙara ɗan ƙarin haja a wuri mai mahimmanci, ba kawai don tsaftacewa ba, amma don tabbatar da akwai ƙaƙƙarfan abu mai kamanni don injin niƙa ya shiga. Yana da sauƙi, amma wannan haɗin gwiwar yana hana 90% na ingancin ciwon kai daga baya.
Ɗauki jikin bawul don sashin mai & iskar gas, wanda aka yi daga abin da ya shafi nickel. Waɗannan gami suna da tauri akan kayan aiki. Idan saman simintin simintin yana da yashi ko aljihun iskar gas daidai inda kuke buƙatar cikakkiyar fuskar hatimi, kuna goge wani sashi mai tsada sosai. Ta hanyar sarrafa dukkan sarkar daga katangar tushe zuwa ga Injin CNC tsakiya, za mu iya keɓance tsarin simintin gyare-gyare-kamar daidaita yawan zafin jiki na zubowa ko abin rufe fuska-don samar da kayan aikin da ba kawai girma ba, amma tsarin sauti don machining. Wannan ba sihiri ba ne; kwarewa ce mai raɗaɗi kawai ta juya zuwa madaidaicin hanya. Kuna koyon waɗanne alamu ne masu saurin lalacewa kuma ku rama shi a lokacin ƙirar ƙira, tun kafin a yanke guntu na farko.
Akwai bambanci mai ma'ana a cikin shagon. Yin simintin gyare-gyare wanda ya fito daga tsarin da kuke fahimta da sarrafawa yana da halayen da ake iya faɗi akan na'ura. Kun san kusan yadda za ta yi ga rungumar runguma, inda damuwa na iya ɓoyewa. Simintin gyare-gyare na waje koyaushe abin asiri ne har sai kun fara yanke. Dole ne mu samar da takamaiman dabarun manne don simintin saka hannun jari mai katanga don guje wa murdiya, wani lokaci ta yin amfani da goyan bayan ƙaramar narke-maki yayin aikin injin. Waɗannan ba maganin littattafan karatu ba ne; su ne irin dabarar da kuke ganowa bayan kun kwashe ƴan ƴan guntuwar ku kuma ku tauna daga manajan samarwa.
Material shine shugaba
Yi magana da kowane mashin ɗin tare da gishiri, kuma za su gaya muku: kayan yana faɗar komai. Shirye-shirye, zaɓin kayan aiki, saurin gudu da ciyarwa, har ma da dabarun sanyaya-duk yana gudana daga abin da kuke yankewa. Muna gudanar da gamut daga jefa baƙin ƙarfe ku bakin karfe da kuma a cikin m dauloli na tushen cobalt kuma nickel tushen gami. Kowane iyali yana nuna hali kamar dabba daban.
Injin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da kyau; ya karye cikin kyawawan, gajerun kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Bakin 316, a gefe guda, yana son yin aiki-tauri da ɗanɗana abin da kuka saka idan kun kasance mai laushi. Amma superalloys? Wato gasar daban. Ba su da wahala kawai; suna riƙe ƙarfinsu a yanayin zafi mai zafi, wanda ke nufin suna yaƙi da kayan aikin yanke duk hanya. Zafin ba ya shiga guntu; yana shiga cikin kayan aiki, yana haifar da saurin hayewa da gazawa. Tun da farko, mun kona ta hanyar ɗan ƙaramin arziki a cikin masana'antar ƙarancin carbide waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin injin Monel bangaren ta amfani da sigogi waɗanda ke aiki da ƙarfe na gami. Sautin ba daidai ba ne - ƙarar sauti mai ƙarfi maimakon madaidaicin humra. Rashin nasarar ya kasance a cikin shirin; Mun dauke shi kamar wani karfen karfe. Yanzu, mun san yana buƙatar na musamman, kaifi, kayan aikin sarewa masu gogewa, ƙananan saurin yankan, babban mai sanyaya mai ƙarfi wanda aka jagoranta daidai a gefen yanke, da saiti mai tsauri. Duk wani mai magana zai kashe kayan aiki nan take.
Wannan ilimin kayan aiki kai tsaye yana sanar da tsarin mu a QSY. Don aikin da ya ƙunshi hatimin hatimin injuna mai zafin jiki na cobalt alloy, ba kawai muka faɗi injin ɗin ba. Mun fara da taron kayan aiki. Wane takamaiman daraja? Menene taurinsa kamar simintin gyare-gyare? Shin akwai wasu batutuwa da aka sani game da hazo carbide a iyakokin hatsi? Wannan matakin daki-daki yana ƙayyade idan aikin yana da riba ko mafarki mai ban tsoro. Za mu iya ma gudanar da ƙaramin takardar shaidar gwaji don fara buga ma'auni kafin mu taɓa ainihin simintin. Yana da hankali a gaba, amma yana hana bala'i, sharar da ba za a iya dawo da ita ba daga baya.
Ma'anar Cikakkar Na'ura
Akwai tatsuniyar tatsuniyar cewa siyan sabuwar-sabuwar, dala miliyan daloli biyar cibiyar injuna tana warware duka. mashin daidaici matsaloli. Kayan aiki ne mai ban mamaki, amma kayan aiki ne kawai. Na ga shaguna tare da tsofaffi, injuna a hankali suna samar da daidaito, sassa masu inganci fiye da shagon da ke gaba da duk sabbin kayan aiki. Me yasa? Domin ƙungiyar ta fahimci mashin ɗinsu. Sun san cewa Z-axis akan na'ura 3 yana da ɗan ƙaramin girma na thermal girma bayan sa'o'i biyu na lokacin aiki, don haka suna rama shi. Sun ƙware fasahar riƙe aiki don takamaiman sassansu.
Madaidaicin ainihin ya fito ne daga tsarin, ba kawai sandal ba. Yana cikin gyare-gyaren binciken, tsabtar kayan aiki, kwanciyar hankali na tubalin tushe, da kula da muhalli a cikin shagon. Juyin zafin jiki na Fahrenheit 10 akan motsi na iya jefar da ma'auni a babban sashi. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar yin injin babban toshe injin dizal. Ma'aunai da aka ɗauka a cikin sanyin safiya suna wucewa, amma irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a ƙarshen la'asar ba su da takamammen bayani. Bangaren da kansa ya ke fadadawa. Dole ne mu aiwatar da yankin dubawa mai sarrafa yanayi kuma mu bar sassa su daidaita zuwa daidaitaccen zafin jiki kafin ficewar ƙarshe.
Bugu da ƙari, sarrafa kansa yana gabatar da nasa masu canji. Sassan lodin hannu na mutum-mutumi na iya gabatar da daidaitaccen daidaitaccen daidaitawa na 0.0002 idan ba a daidaita shi daidai ba. Neman madaidaicin yaƙi akai-akai akan ƙananan masu canji miliyan. Injin daya ne daga cikinsu. A wurin aikinmu, muna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa akan ilimin awo da sarrafa tsari kamar yadda muke yi akan ainihin yanke. Yana da rashin jin daɗi, aikin bayan fage wanda ke ba da damar haƙuri mai haske.
Lokacin da mai kyau ya isa cikakke
Wannan na iya sauti bidi'a, amma mafi girman matakin mashin daidaici gwaninta shine sanin lokacin da ba a bin cikakken daidaito ba. Makance manne da kowane maki goma akan bugu na iya zama babban ɓata lokaci da kuɗi. Girman aiki-kamar wurin wani rami mai hawa wanda zai yi amfani da mai wanki da kusoshi-baya buƙatar a riƙe shi zuwa kashi goma (.0001). Riƙe shi zuwa dubu biyu (.002) sau da yawa ya fi wadatar kuma ana iya samun shi a cikin fasfo ɗaya maimakon uku.
Haƙiƙanin ƙimar da muke samarwa a matsayin abokin tarayya, wanda zaku iya gani a cikin tarihin aikin a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yana cikin irin wannan injiniyan darajar. Wani abokin ciniki ya zo mana da wani ɓangaren gado - na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa - wanda koyaushe ana sarrafa shi don tsananin juriya a kowane saman. Yana da tsada kuma yana da dogon lokacin jagora. Mun yi tambaya game da aikinsa. Ya fito ne kawai diamita guda uku kuma yanayin rufe fuskar yana da matukar mahimmanci ga amincin matsi. Mun ba da shawarar annashuwa da haƙuri akan abubuwan waje marasa aiki da tsarin rami na kulle. Abokin ciniki ya yi shakka amma ya amince da gwajin gwaji. Sashin ya yi iri ɗaya a gwaji, amma farashin ya ragu da kashi 40% kuma an yanke lokacin injin ɗin cikin rabi. Ba mu kara dagula lamarin ba; mun sanya shi mafi wayo.
Wannan yana buƙatar amincewa da tattaunawa mai zurfi tare da injiniyoyin abokin ciniki. Yana da game da matsawa mayar da hankali daga yin bugu zuwa warware matsalar. Wani lokaci, mafi madaidaicin bayani shine mai sauƙi mai ƙayatarwa wanda baya biyan iyakokin fasaha. Yana da game da amfani da ƙoƙari a inda ya dace.
Halin Dan Adam a Tsarin Dijital
Duk da CAD/CAM, aiki da kai, da bincike cikin aiwatarwa, ƙwararrun mashin ɗin ido da basirar ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Allon na iya nuna cikakkiyar hanyar kayan aiki, amma ba zai iya jin canjin sauti lokacin da kayan aiki ya fara dushewa ko lokacin da guntu ba ta fita da kyau. Ba zai iya ganin ɗan ɗan canza launin kan guntu wanda ke nuna cewa kuna haifar da zafi mai yawa a cikin yanke.
Na tuna wani aiki machining wani hadadden impeller daga bakin karfe. An tabbatar da shirin, kayan aikin sababbi ne, amma a ɓangaren farko, ƙarewar da aka yi a kan wani wuri mai banƙyama ya kasance mai muni-cike da alamun zance. Software na CAM ya ƙirƙiri daidaitaccen matakin tafiya, amma canjin kusurwar haɗin gwiwa a cikin wannan kwandon yana haifar da girgiza. Mai shirye-shiryen, tsohon hannu, ba kawai tweak gudu da ciyarwa ba. Ya kalli ɓangaren, ya hango haɗin kai, kuma da hannu ya gyara hanyar kayan aiki don sãɓã wa jũna a kan mataki da gabatar da wani ɗan zoba a cikin matsala yankin. Ba maganin littafi ba ne; Magani ne na sana'a. Manhajar ita kadai ba ta iya tantance cewa; ya ɗauki ɗan adam wanda ya fahimci duka ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na yanke da kuma jumlolin sashin.
Wannan ita ce al'adun da muke ƙoƙarin kiyayewa. Injin da software kayan aikin da ke fadada iyawar mu, amma ba sa maye gurbin hukunci. Duban ƙarshe shine koyaushe mutum mai micrometer, mai gwajin ƙarewa, da gogewar shekaru da sanin abin da sashe mai kyau yake kama da ji. Wannan madaidaicin, madauki na ra'ayi na azanci shine har yanzu babban binciken QC, musamman don hadaddun majalisai inda suka dace kuma suna jin komai gwargwadon lambobi. Wannan cakuda fasaha da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'a ce ke bayyana gaskiya mashin daidaici, Juya ɗanyen simintin gyare-gyare zuwa abin dogaro, mai aiki sashi.
